فهرست مطالب elham keshavarz

The main goal of this research is to investigate the effect of digital transformation on innovation performance with the mediating role of innovation factors. The current research is applied from the point of view of the objective, and descriptive-survey and correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes the employees of the oil products distribution company, whose number is 150 people. The sample number of 108 people was selected by simple random sampling method. The collected data were analyzed by the method of structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach. Research findings show that digital transformation has an impact on innovation performance, innovation awareness and investment in research and development. Awareness of innovation and investment in research and development has an effect on the performance of innovations. Awareness of innovation and investment in research and development mediate the relationship between digital transformation and innovation performance.

The public mentality regarding the level of corruption in Iran is expanding and there is a clear difference between people's perception and what is happening in the society, the current research was qualitative approach based on data-oriented theorizing and by using the in-depth interview technique with 15 general managers of the inspection and supervision of the country's executive bodies. 13 men and 2 women) were interviewed. The sampling method was purposeful and based on theoretical saturation. The text of the interviews was coded using MAXQDA10 qualitative data analysis software and the results of open and central coding led to the identification of 99 concepts and 19 central categories, which is influenced by causal conditions (numerous disclosures; lack of circulation of elites; lack of rule of law; media, satellite and social networks) and in addition to intervening conditions (activist, structure) and background conditions (gender, socio-economic base) affect the construction of the mentality of corruption and political instability in society, which results in provoking public anger towards injustice and the spread of rent; lack of society's cooperation with the government; turning the supporters of the Islamic Republic into protestors; Frustration of the police department due to the corruption of some officials; spread of civil disorder in administrative spaces; the demand for authoritarianism and its historical revision; Believability of the society towards the concept of blockage and change; Institutional mistrust in the government structure has led to the spread of corruption, which has jeopardized the country's political stability.

Designing a green marketing model in the country is a complex, time consuming and long matter and due to the role of different actors in it, its dynamism has been increased and these two factors of complexity and dynamism are the main reasons for using the methodology approach of soft systems in the design of this model, because the approaches related to the design of hard models in the fetus will not have the necessary efficiency and effectiveness. In this research, using the soft system methodology approach, the unstructured problem, i.e. designing a green marketing model in consumer markets in small and medium-sized businesses to enter international markets, is explained and then, by defining its boundaries, a clear picture of different system actors and benefits that are drawn. In the third step, the CATWOE approach is used to explain the root definition of green marketing in consumer markets in small and medium-sized businesses to enter international markets, and in the fourth step, a conceptual model of activities is presented using the root definition. In the fifth step, the developed model is compared with the real world. In the sixth stage, desirable and possible changes to improve and develop the real system are identified, and finally in the seventh stage, programs to implement the changes are proposed and given to the officials and stakeholders involved in the situation to improve the performance of the system and ultimately reduce environmental degradation and improve consumer purchasing intent.

Breast cancer is a major health problem in Iran with increasing incidence in the recent years. Breast density is one of the most important risk factors for developing breast cancer. Metabolic syndrome that is defined by the presence of multiple clinical and lab data findings has also been shown to be related with breast cancer. A sample of 246 cases who referred to Mahdiyeh hospital in Tehran were selected according to the inclusion criteria and a form was prepared including breast density in the screening mammogram done in our center and recent lab tests including FBS, HDL and TG. We also measured the waist circumference, height, weight and blood pressure of all subjects. Data analysis was done through SPSS23 and using fishers exact and ordinal regression tests. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was 44% among the cases in this study. Mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 48.08 ± 7.6 years. There was a significant association between lower breast densities and ages greater than 50 years (p = 0.0). There was no significant association between metabolic syndrome or its components and breast density among the patients above 50 years of age but in ages lower than 50 years, there was a significant association between increased breast density and lower abdominal circumference (p=0.017), lower triglyceride levels (p=0.02), higher HDL levels (p=0.018), lower FBS levels and lower frequency of metabolic syndrome. There was no significant association between metabolic syndrome or its components and mammographic breast density after adjustment for age and BMI.

Circulating miRNAs have also been proposed as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and even prognosis of cancer. Due to the non-invasive access, in addition to before metastase early detection, the use of these molecules can reduced injuries of patients. In this study, the biosensor was designed to isolate circulating mi RNAs by microfluidic system. The design was based on the isolation of two miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-486), which have been described in papers as miRNAs with potential to diagnosis of lung cancer.In this system, miRNA isolation is performed using a capture probe (single-strand DNA), immobilized by GPTMS linker on PDMS surface. By attaching of microRNA to this probe, the second probe that was biotinilated DNA complement to upper portion of microRNA, attaches to it and creates a sandwich structure. Eventually, trapped microRNA between two probes was detected by FITC- streptavidin. miRNA has been visualized under IX81 Olympus florescent microscope.

Due to the high prevalence of axillary nodules in mammograms, and the importance of hyloum and cortex dimensions  in suspicion to be pathological as well as the role of obesity as a risk factor in breast cancer and prognosis of patients with breast canister, determining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the size of the lymph nodes in the exile can affect the approach to the importance of the size of the lymph nodes. The current study was carried out to investigate the correlation between obesity and the size of lymph nodes in angiography in screening mammograms.

In a descriptive study (from October 1996 to September 1997), we examined 204 patients who referred to Mahdieh Educational, Research, and Medical Center for mammography screening. The length and width of the observed axillary nodules were measured. The HCR criterion (hilo-cortical ratio) was calculated. Using independent sample t-test and Fisher's exact test, the association between lymph node and hyloma dimensions, Brest, and Sen density with BMI was investigated. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the independent association of lymph node dimensions with BMI after adjusting age and brest density. Pearson correlation coefficient was also used to evaluate the inter-rater reliability between the two mammographic commentators.

A strong and significant correlation was observed between BMI and length of lymph node R2 = 0.626), lymph node width R2 = 0.508), helium length (R2 = 0.558), helium width 64 /.= £ and HCR 35 /.= £ all of which are independent of breast age and density. No association was observed between BMI increase and Cortex lymph node thickness. Also, a strong correlation was observed between the increase in helium length and the increase in lymph node length ((R2 = 0.95). Similarly, a strong relationship was found between increase in helium width and lymph node width. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between HCR and BMI (R2 = 0/34).

It seems that the increase in the size of the lymph node is not related to the thickness of the cortex. Lymph nodes may be used in screening mammograms as an obesity biomarker and related pathologies; there is an excellent correlation between the dimensions of lymph node and obesity

The present cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relation between fatty infiltration (FI) in multifidus muscles and spinal MRI findings among patients who referred to Sina Athar and Kosar imaging centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Discovertebral and facet joint degenerative changes, intervertebral foraminal narrowing, disk herniation and central canal stenosis in all lumbar levels and FI in multifidus muscles at the level of L5 vertebra were assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of 333 patients, and correlation of these MRI changes with FI was identified.

Among 333 patients (174 female), whose data were analyzed, 316 patients mentioned a positive history of back pain. We observed a significant relation between female sex and higher age with degrees of multifidus FI in L5 level. No significant association was found between the existence of back pain and the rate of multifidus FI. There was a significant negative relation between the activity level and the amount of multifidus FI. Considering weekly exercise level and hours of computer use, this association was not observed. Evaluating the relation between end plate and facet joint degenerative process and also neuroforaminal stenosis with multifidus FI, a statistically significant relation was noted. This correlation was not observed for central canal stenosis.

We concluded that the degree of multifidus FI was remarkably higher in female gender, older ages and subjects with more sedentary lifestyle. Moreover, a significant correlation existed between abnormal MRI imaging findings (degenerative process, discopathies, foraminal stenosis) and multifidus FI.

The aim of this study is to evaluate and rank factors of intellectual capital that aims to improve the performance of corporation. After designing and distributing questionnaires among coil industry experts, priority and importance of each of these factors with using Fuzzy TOPSIS, FAHP, vikor, ELECTRE were evaluated.According to the results of the above methods in cases not compatible with each other, to achieve the overall ranking of integration methods have been used.Theresults obtained, according to the company's performance improvement indicate thatthe net profitis the most important; competitive advantages,customer retention,market value of the company; innovation capacity andvolume of transactionare at ranking highestrespectively.Based on integration method is most important factors of intellectual capital in order of importanceinclude:Human capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital, Innovation Capital,Customer Capitalfactorsand also,the most important factors ofHuman capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital,Innovation Capital, Customer Capital regarding to company performance improvementin order of importance Include: Leadershipability,Employees’ competence, Employees’experience,Employees’ creativity, Individual-level knowledge,Customer satisfaction, Motivation of the personnel,Customer loyalty,Employees’attitude,Organizational structure,Staff’s experience,Organizational learning, Marketing capability,Databases,Management system,Use of knowledge, Strategically values,Operation process, Information system, Corporate culture, Brand value, Mission-vision,Relationship with suppliers and competitors, Size of organization, Innovation culture, Relationship with other organization,Market intensity, Company lifecycle,Customer appropriateness, Innovation mechanism and Innovation achievements.

In this paper, a numerical method for solving a class of nonlinear mixed Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations of fractional order is presented. The method is based upon Bernoulli wavelets approximations. The operational matrix of fractional order integration for Bernoulli wavelets is utilized to reduce the solution of the nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations to system of algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method.

Todays, under the competitive conditions, organizational entrepreneurship can play an important role in the success of organizations and make them differentiate from others. Therefore, gaining of knowledge about the factors affecting organizational entrepreneurship is of particular importance. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to identify and rank the factors affecting organizational entrepreneurship and determine their importance and priority in order to improve the company's performance. For this purpose, after studying the theoretical foundations and research background in this area, the factors affecting organizational entrepreneurship that help improve company performance were identified in three groups: structural, background and behavioral factors. In the next step, the priority and importance of each of these factors was evaluated using the fuzzy hierarchical process analysis technique and by a survey of experts from active and top companies in the field of steel industry. The results indicated that the most important factors affecting organizational entrepreneurship with the aim of improving and enhancing the company's performance were: structural factors, underlying factors and then behavioral factors. Among the structural factors, the most important factors were: structure of entrepreneurial organization, decision making and control, reward system. On the other hand, political factors / government, infrastructures, communications, access to resources were identified as the most important underlying factors. Finally, the most important behavioral factors were organizational culture, management support, riskiness, managerial characteristics, employee characteristics

According to importance of subject, the aim of this study is to evaluate and rank factors of intellectual capital and organization entrepreneurship that aims to improve the performance of corporation. Therefore, after reviewing the literature and interviews with professors and coil industry experts, intellectual capital, organization entrepreneurship and firm performance factors were identified. After designing and distributing questionnaires among coil industry experts, priority and importance of each of these factors with using Fuzzy TOPSIS, FAHP, vikor, ELECTRE were evaluated. According to the results of the above methods in cases not compatible with each other, to achieve the overall ranking of integration methods (POSET) that includes: rating average method, Borda method, Copeland method and integration phase (POSET) has been used. The results obtained from FAHP method, according to the company's performance improvement indicate that the net profit is the most important subcategory of the factors affecting corporate performance improvement; competitive advantages, customer retention, market value of the company; innovation capacity and volume of transaction are at ranking highest respectively. The results obtained from FAHP method indicate that organization entrepreneurship is more significant than intellectual capital of the factors affecting corporate performance improvement. Different Ratings have offered for intellectual capital and sub-scales of Human capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital, Innovation Capital and Customer Capital factors. To reach a consensus, it was used in the ranking of integration (POSET) method and based on integration (POSET) method is most important factors of intellectual capital that helps to improve company performance improvement in order of importance include: Human capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital, Innovation Capital, Customer Capital factors and also, the most important factors of Human capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital, Innovation Capital, Customer Capital regarding to company performance improvement in order of importance Include: Leadership ability, Employees’ competence, Employees’ experience, Employees’ creativity, Individual-level knowledge, Customer satisfaction, Motivation of the personnel, Customer loyalty, Employees’ attitude, Organizational structure, Staff’s experience, Organizational learning, Marketing capability, Databases, Management system, Use of knowledge, Strategically values, Operation process, Information system, Corporate culture, Brand value, Mission-vision, Relationship with suppliers and competitors, Size of organization, Innovation culture, Relationship with other organization, Market intensity, Company lifecycle, Customer appropriateness, Innovation mechanism and Innovation achievements. based on integration (POSET) method is most important factors of organization entrepreneurship that helps to improve company performance improvement in order of importance include: structural factors, underlying factors, behavioral factors and also, the most important factors of structural factors, underlying factors, behavioral factors regarding to company performance improvement in order of importance Include: Entrepreneur organization structure, Entrepreneur organization strategy. Reward system, Political/ governmental factors, Decision making/control, Infrastructure, Organizational culture, Management Support, Communications, Financial system , Availability to resource, Technology, Performance evaluation system, Uncertainty/ changes, Employee empowerment, Information system , Complexity, Research and development system , Risk Taking, Market, Employee's characteristics , Team spirit, Manager characteristics, Foresight , Self-Efficacy ,Creativity and innovation, Previous experience and Entrepreneur Organization leadership style

The present study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic value of spectral Doppler ultrasound in determining malignant potential of breast masses.
The dedicated B-mode and Doppler (including color and spectral) breast ultrasound examinations were performed on 100 consecutive women with breast mass (mean age = 45.02 years). The findings were compared between benign (n = 65) and malignant (n = 35) groups, regarding the histopathologic results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off point for each spectral Doppler index.
On B-mode ultrasound, malignant breast masses tended to have bigger size, irregular and ill-defined border, cystic components, and mixed echogenicity (P Doppler examination has a significant role in the evaluation of breast masses and adds value to the B-mode ultrasound for distinguishing malignant tumors from benign lesions.

Pre-eclampsia complicates 5% to 8% of all pregnancies and annual incidence of pre-eclampsia is about 5% of all pregnancies around the world and is a significant cause of both maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity if left untreated.

According to previous studies, blood supply distribution within the uterus is not similar in central compared with lateral sites, thus site of implantation and the resulting location of the placenta are likely to have a profound effect on the pregnancy outcome.

The researchers conducted a case-control study over 1-year period at a referral obstetric hospital in the south of Tehran. Overall, 121 females with three degrees of pre-eclampsia were considered as cases and 258 females with normal pregnancy were the controls. The females were aged 20 to 40 years old and their gestational age was between 14 and 26 weeks.

The researchers recorded the participants’ blood pressures and locations of placenta during this period with consideration of their past and present obstetric history as well as medical and familial history. As a result, pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia were more commonly associated with lateral placentation in the second trimester when compared with non-preeclampsia pregnancies.

This study suggests that placental location, which is easily assessed at middle trimester of pregnancy by routine screening ultrasonography, is an ideal predictive test for evaluating the risk of developing pre-eclampsia.

Neural tube defects are the second most common congenital anomalies following congenital heart defects. Once NTD is detected prenatally, different options are available including pregnancy termination, and intrauterine fetal surgery. Considering these facts, prenatal screening for NTDs is becoming a part of routine fetal care. Several ultrasonographic markers have been suggested for detection of NTD during pregnancy. Intracranial translucency (IT) is a relatively new ultrasonographic marker for NTD screening during first-trimester. It actually represents the fourth cerebral ventricle, seen as an anechoic structure in the mid-sagittal plane of the fetal face posterior to the brainstem. Its absence or obliteration can be an indirect sign of open spina bifida, which is caused secondary to the caudal displacement of brain in these fetuses. In this study, we aimed to determine the normative values of this marker in the Iranian population.
To determine the normative values of intracranial translucency (IT) thickness in the Iranian singleton pregnancies.
230 consecutive singleton pregnancies between 11 weeks and 13 weeks days of gestation were included in the study during 9 months (June 2015 to February 2016) prospectively in Mahdieh and Sarem women’s hospital, Tehran, Iran. Crown-rump length (CRL), nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, fetal heart rate, and nasal bone status were evaluated by ultrasound as parts of the routine first-trimester screening for aneuploidies. Precise gestational age was determined by the fetal CRL as well. In addition, IT thickness was measured in the mid-sagittal view of the fetal head between two echogenic horizontal lines: posterior border of the brainstem anteriorly and anterior aspect of the fourth ventricle choroid plexus posteriorly (figure 1). All the measurements were performed by a radiologist with four years of experience in fetal imaging. Ethnicities other than Iranian, multiple gestation pregnancies, and pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) were not included in the study initially. Other exclusion criteria were any obvious anatomic fetal anomaly in the ultrasound examination, abnormal genetic or maternal serum biomarker test result, increased NT, and presence of open NTD in the post-partum follow-up.
: Of the 230 included singleton pregnancies, all of them resulted in healthy live births, except for two pregnancies terminated at 19 and 17 weeks of gestation due to severe skeletal dysplasia and an abnormal genetic test result compatible with Down syndrome, respectively. None of born babies had open NTD on post-partum follow-up. Five pregnancies were excluded from the final analysis, including a fetus with increased NT, two pregnancies with abnormal maternal serum biomarker test result (one of which confirmed to be trisomy 21), poor visualization due to maternal severe obesity in one case, and skeletal dysplasia diagnosed at 19 weeks of gestation in one of pregnancies. The median maternal age was 29 (range, 16 - 49) years. Median gestational age was 12 weeks 5 days (range, 11 weeks 2 days-13 weeks 6 days). There were 68 cases per gestational week between 11 and 11 6 weeks, 84 cases between 12 and 12 6 weeks, and 73 cases between 13 and 13 6 weeks. Mean IT thickness was 1.94 - 0.73 mm (95% CI, 1.84 - 2.04) in all included pregnancies. This measurement was 1.57 - 0.34 mm (95% CI, 1.49 - 1.65) for fetuses between 11 and 11 6 weeks, 1.86 - 0.29 mm (95% CI, 1.80 - 1.92) for fetuses between 12 and 12 6 weeks, and 2.12 - 0.41 mm (95% CI, 2.02 - 2.22) for fetuses between 13 and 13 6 weeks. Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis demonstrated normality of IT thickness distribution in the included cases (P > 0.10). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that there was a statistically significant positive linear association between IT thickness and gestational age (rs = 0.92, P = 0.021).
We determined the normative values of IT thickness for the Iranian fetuses in a pilot study, which may be considered for NTD screening during the first-trimester in the national and international guidelines. It is important to determine normal measurements of different ultrasonographic and biochemistry markers nationally, since there are significant differences among various ethnicities. One should expect that IT thickness increases in a linear manner during first-trimester, and in case of its obliteration or absence open NTDs should be strongly suspected.

Until the early twentieth century, international relations affected issues such as war and peace, anarchy of the international system, foreign policy and military power. In such a condition, the prominent role of the cultural power of governments was neglected aspect of political studies. Hence, in recent decades with the emergence of new theories of international relations and the process of globalization, the issue of international politics became acute, and this has changed the nature of hard power. On the other hand, in order to have greater influence in global politics, the governments have tended to regional cooperation .In this case, the new regionalism caused changes in the nature of the international system.

This research is intended to design a model for the assessment of productivity in banking industry. Having defined productivity and having given some examples, the researchers explained the importance of human resource and the factors affecting it. The priority of human resource and financial productivity and their sub-factors in private and state banks were studied through AHP of Fuzzy methods. Considering the nature of the issue of research model and the ideas of the experts of the central bank of Iran, the researchers selected Bank Melli as the state sample bank, Bank Saderat as the half-private sample bank, and Parsian Bank as the private sample bank in Semnan province. The results indicated that private banks performed better with regard to productivity in comparison with half-private and state banks.

In this study, staffing levels (general employees, key employees, senior management), according to the following criteria areas of knowledge management, five areas of knowledge management (data, information, knowledge, wisdom, employees or personnel) using fuzzy hierarchical analysis to maximize knowledge management in project-orientation companies (Pars Aviation Development Investment Company (PADICO), Septa Management Engineers Consulting and AVA BEHBOOD engineering Services Company) have been prioritized. FHAP hierarchical analysis method was used to analyze the data. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process using Chang’s extent analysis technique is used as the main statistical method of this study. Statistical populations are masters and experts of project-orientation Company. 13 experts participated in this research. Main tools in this research are documents and questionnaire. According to response which are presented by decision-maker group, we concluded that final arrangement in the importance of knowledge management criteria is that data are on the first priority with the high weight difference and wisdom, personnel, knowledge, and information are on the next priority. In comparison of 6 regarding data criterion, it is obvious that analyzing customers’ opinions is on the first priority. In comparison of 6 elements regarding information criterion in which informational coordination and integration within organization is on the first priority. In the comparison of 6 elements regarding knowledge criterion, in which amount of knowledge application development in the organization is on the first priority. In comparison of 6 elements regarding wisdom criterion, Innovation competencies in personnel is on the first priority. In comparison of 6 indexes regarding personnel criterion, the rate of personnel who left the organization is on the first priority. The results indicate that the general employees are a top priority, senior managers are second priority senior and key employees is the next priority.

During the last few centuries, geopolitics has taken many entities, sometimes served in war and peace and sometimes its emphasis has been on the economic capabilities and has caused integration and cooperation. However, it has been considered with the realistic approach to international politics phenomena. In the framework of classical geopolitics, states are seeking the acquisition of sensitive lands to gain power and achieve more national interests. However, on the one hand, it has encountered with multilateral challenges of globalization and critical theoriesof international relations. These challenges changed intellectual mindset of new geopoliticians and has led to decreases and sidelining of the geopolitical importance. On the other hand, the focus has been attuned to human and emancipation; therefore, national identity, national interests, and territorial boundaries have been the marginalized by the globalization process began.

Facial involvement in psoriasis is accomplished with poor prognosis. In this study, clinical features and severity of psoriasis were compared between facial and nonfacial psoriasis involvement groups in Iran. It also evaluated these characteristics in different subtypes of facial psoriasis. One hundred and thirty- eight psoriatic patients having referred to our clinic entered in this cross- sectional study in 2006 – 2007. Medical information, whole body and scalp Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores were obtained. Variables were compared between the facial and nonfacial involvement groups and also in different subtypes of the former including peripherofacial (PF), centrofacial (CF), and mixedfacial (MF). A P-value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. We found 55.0% facial involvement in Iranian psoriatic patients. MF (52.6%), CF (28.9%), and PF (18.4%), respectively were the common forms of facial involvement. The median whole body and scalp PASI scores, the number of male participants, and tongue involvement were significantly higher in patients with facial involvement. Comparing different subtypes of facial psoriasis, whole body PASI and scalp PASI scores were significantly higher in MF subtype and lower in CF subtype. Despite the least severity in the latter subtype, psoriatic arthritis and geographic tongue were shown to be more common in this subtype. Moreover, relapse history was correlated with PF subtype. Facial involvement in psoriasis had significantly higher whole body and scalp PASI scores in Iran which may be an indication of more severe disease. This difference was more prominent in MF subtype.