elham lashkari

Housing has always been one of the main concerns of urban sustainable development. Although social sustainability is later than the environmental and economic sustainability it is considered as an inseparable part of the process of sustainable development and housing. The goal of current research is identifying the social indexes of sustainable housing and their evaluation in the 600-units residential complex in Mashhad. Therefore, firstly 20 open interviews were conducted with the residents, and then using the Grounded theory, the social indexes (participation, identity, security, environmental satisfaction and desirability) and sub-indexes of sustainable housing were introduced. Then 67 closed questionnaires were used and according to the resident’s opinion, social sub-indexes of sustainable housing were evaluated. The results show that all social indexes in this residential complex are relatively acceptable situation. The identity is more favorable than others and affected by favorable state of residents' pride and sense of place. It has a direct relationship with other indexes. Therefore, it is possible to increasing social sustainability in this residential complex by improving indexes and carrying out executive measures such as promoting social monitoring, increasing the comprehensiveness of public spaces, creating social interaction infrastructures, developing sociocultural activities, creating participation and social responsibility capacities.

The historical texture of the city reflects the identity of the city and has hidden values within it which need to be identified and used to restore the context. These values can be named as social capital to preserve the old textures. Urban catalyst project is suggested as one of the late approaches in the process of urban regeneration. This use elements and values in the Current Situation to define stimulants for changes in the Context. Urban catalyst involving number of projects that lead to the development and its effect on further progression. The main purpose of this research is to build a robust and participatory society based on the relationship between social capital and urban catalyst project. In fact this goal focuses on social and public aspects beside physical and economic ones. For examining relationships between social capital and development catalyst project, Noghan Religious District in Mashhad, one of the oldest settlements adjacent to the Razavi shrine, has been evaluated. As a result, Combined research method has been used. The relationship between these two variables have been surveyed through field research and questionnaire distribution in society which includes people and experts and the structural equation method(SEM) used to examine the relationship between variables. According to the findings, the potentials of society in the form of social capital can provide ground for the development catalyst project in the texture. Therefore, development catalyst project has a significant correlation with social capital to improve the context.

Today, the participation of people and citizens is a debate, but unfortunately, the position of the citizen and their participation in urban affairs, directly or indirectly, which affects life and destiny, is not given much importance in research. One of the main obstacles in urban development plans is neglecting the participation and contribution of local people and institutions. Such a situation causes citizens to feel less spiritual belonged to their city and its management, and not only they are not encouraged in the implementation of development plans, but consider the plans as an invasive element their personal property. Today, one of the most important issues in urban planning is Urban decay. Urban decay is sometimes urban fabric with a rich identity and associated with a high sense of belonging of residents, so it is important and necessary to involve the opinions of residents in the preparation of relevant plans.

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose of this project is to identify the challenges and problems of people in Abkooh neighborhood in Mashhad that is considered as urban decay.

The research method is descriptive. The data is collected by desktop research and communicating with people which is the most appropriate way to collect data related to the case study. Therefore, a questionnaire and interview are used. SWOT and QSPM techniques are used to analyze the data and GIS software is used to generate the map.  

According to the SWOT technique, there are more internal weaknesses and more external opportunities in Abkooh neighborhood. According to Driskel theory, the level of people's participation is so limited. The most important problems and challenges of public participation are: changing the management system, changing approaches and views to approved plans, lack of people's comments and suggestions and the lack of non-governmental organizations.

In the first urban planning in the middle of the twentieth century, cities were traditionally considered to be segregated based on the separation of functions, meaning that women were more likely to be housework less naturally in urban spaces, also because urban architecture was in the hands of men. Women's needs for urban spaces were not considered, but this trend remained unchanged with increasing urbanization rates and the greater presence of women in urban spaces. Women have limited their active participation. On the other hand, the growing trend of cities with the rapid increase in motor vehicles, especially cars, and its widespread use in cities, especially Mashhad, has caused many problems such as severe environmental pollution, high traffic congestion. Excessive energy consumption has led to road insecurity and accidents. To reduce and solve these problems, the public transportation system has been set up by city managers as a powerful system. The purpose of this study is to measure the quality and enjoyment of women.The public transportation system (bus) is located in two areas, southwest and northeast. Therefore, in this research,using hierarchical analysis method and the best-worst and softest software method, quality assessment and evaluation of suggestions and solutions have been studied.It is the southwestern constituency (privileged areas) which includes two zones 11 and 9 with a normal weight of0.7and has a higher priority than the northeastern constituency (low-income areas) which includes areas 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Northeast is 0.2. This weight indicates a weak bus system in this area

Although, industrial revolution has considered as turning point to arise great change in the cities but this change belongs mostly to western cities which existed before 20th century. Fast development and prosperity of urban planning along with comprehensive approach refer to first years of 20th century. However, Iran has approximately 50-year-experience to execute master and detailed Plans. All of these variable plans have been executed based on comprehensive planning. Lately, two approaches have been created in urban planning system in Iran: Master plan and Strategic and Structural approach. Although it has been about two decades since the introduction of Strategic plans in Iran, the country's planning system is still wandering between the master plan and the strategic plan. The purpose of this article is to introduce the implementation challenges of urban development plans in Iran from the Master plan to the Strategic-Structural plan. Therefore, this essay uses descriptive, case study and survey methods and tries to analyze and compare these two approaches precisely without any prejudice The results of this study show that strategic plans have a high capacity to adapt to today's urban society. Although, they face infrastructure problems, weaknesses and inconsistencies in the laws in the process of implementation and participation of different people and sectors. However, to achieve this, we need some infrastructures such as scientific and theoretical, economic and social, legal, administrative and financial, partnership and implementation. As long as these preconditions are not met, no development plan with a strategic approach will be possible.

Urban public realms are the spaces for presence of citizens with different social behaviors. It means that they are the basis of all urban social spaces and none of urban society’s functions are possible without them. So, they have an important role in quality of life and welfare of the citizens and it's essential to pay attention to their quality in urban development planning process. The major concern of this paper is to study urban public realms quality and facilitate social interaction in public realms of multicultural cities. So, it has utilized to Grounded theory to study the behavioral pattern of Mashhad metropolitan public realms. Investigation of Mashhad public realms indicates that they have been able to create spaces that are accepted by different social groups. It refers to the importance of the capacities of the urban public realms for the presence of the people and the desire to interact to each other. The paradigm model of the relationship between concepts and categories and the results of one-way ANOVA show that interventional factors are effective in the tendency to participate in public realms and social interactions to others. These intervener factors include age, gender and level of individual awareness of the environment and also the purpose of visiting public realms.