فهرست مطالب elham shafiee

 This study aimed to investigate the applicability of assistive technology in the education and treatment of children with autism spectrum disorders, which was done in a systematic review.

By searching keywords such as autism spectrum disorder, treatment, education, and assistive technology in foreign databases, including Science Direct, Sage Pop, Eric's Information Base, Wiley Online Library, Springer, National Center for Biotechnology Information (PubMed), ProQuest Global Information Center, all articles between 2010 and 2021 were reviewed. A total of 280 English-language articles with the mentioned keywords were found. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were fully and carefully examined.

The results of these studies show that assistive technology is effective in the education and treatment of children with autism and can be used as an aid in the education and treatment of these children.

Therefore, it is suggested that new technologies be used as an educational aid in therapeutic and educational settings for the autism spectrum.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program on processing speed and attention of children with autism spectrum disorder. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, control group and follow-up design. The statistical population included all autistic students in the academic year 2022-2023 in Tehran. A sample of 20 students were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received 20 sessions of 30 mins cognitive rehabilitation intervention, twice per week while the control group did not receive any intervention. Integrated Visual and Auditory Continues Performance was used to collect data in three stages (before, after and two months later after the implementation of the cognitive rehabilitation program). The data analyses were done by repeated measurement test. The result showed that the cognitive rehabilitation program had effect on the processing speed and attention of students with autism spectrum disorder. Based on this finding, it is suggested that this program can be used to strengthen and improve executive functions of children with autism spectrum.

Due to their occupational characteristics, dentists are at a higher risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and intensity of musculoskeletal pain in different parts of the body among general dentists in Ilam city in 2020. The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The Nordic questionnaire was used. Dentists, who met the criteria for entering the study, were evaluated. These criteria include the following: having at least 2 years of work experience in the profession of general dentistry and not having a specialized degree in dentistry. Demographic information were also collected through a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18. The subjects included 33 men and 20 women with a mean age of 29-36 years and a mean work experience of 2-10 years. They were active for 7.84 hours a day with 10.47 visits and a BMI of 23.13. The results of Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score evaluation showed that 43.4% of participants were in the high risk range and change in the near future, 30.2% in the medium risk range and need to change, 17% of dentists in the very high risk range and the level of corrective measures need to change quickly, 3.8% were in the low risk range and the likelihood of needing change. Also, the highest frequency of pain in the last 12 months was related to the neck area with 52.8%. The results of the study showed that the prevalence and level of risk of musculoskeletal disorders in dentists is at a high level. In order to reduce the incidence of disorders, it seems necessary to take corrective measures as soon as possible.

This research investigates the relationship betweencommunication beliefs and social interest mediated bydifferentiation of self in students.

The research is correlative of thestructural equation using PLS software which is conducted via asurvey type method. All students at Islamic Azad University,Khomeini Shahar Unit (from 2019 to 2020) comprised the statisticalpopulation. The sampling method was random clustering with thetotal samples amounting to 300 people. The subjects responded tothe Skowron & Friedlander (1998)’s Differentiation of SelfInventory (DSI), Adelson & Epstein (1982)’s CommunicationStandardized Beliefs Questionnaire, and Greever et al.’s SocialInterest Scale (1973.)

The model test indicated that the direct effects ofcommunication beliefs on social interest had been rejected;however, considering the significant effects of communicationbeliefs on differentiation of self and differentiation of self on socialinterests, the mediating role of differentiation of self in therelationship between communication beliefs and social interest wasconfirmed (p> 0.05), with the indirect effect intensity at 0.053.Accordingly, communication beliefs were found to only have anindirect effect on social interest.

This research demonstrated that increasingdifferentiation of self could improve communication beliefs andpromote social interests

Present research was conducted with aim of investigating the fit pattern of family function and relationship beliefs mediated by differentiation of self with social interest.

This study was cross-sectional in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was quantitative from type of correlation. The study population was students of Islamic Azad University of Khomeini Shahr in the academic years 2019-20. The research sample was 300 people who were selected by cluster sampling method with respect to the volume of students in different faculties. To collected data were used from the family function questionnaire (Epstein et al, 1983), relationship beliefs questionnaire (Eidelson & Epstein, 1982), differentiation of self-inventory (Skowron & Fridlander, 1998), and social interest index (Greever et al, 1973). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method of path analysis in SPSS and PLS software.

The results showed that pattern of family function and relationship beliefs mediated by differentiation of self with social interest had a well fit. In addition, family function and relationship beliefs had a direct and significant effect on differentiation of self, differentiation of self-had a direct and significant effect on social interest and family function had a direct and significant effect on social interest (P<0.05), but relationship beliefs had no a direct and significant effect on social interest (P>0.05). Also, family function mediated by differentiation of self-had an indirect and significant effect on social interest (P<0.05), but relationship beliefs mediated by differentiation of self-had no an indirect and significant effect on social interest (P> 0.05).

The results indicated the effective role of family function and differentiation of self in social interest. Therefore, to improve social interest can be improved the family function and differentiation of self.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in children, which potentially threatens their life. This disease affects the mood, personality, and emotions of children and families. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the transdiagnostic treatment program (TTP) on improving the quality of life and reducing depression in children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).

This experimental study has been done on 22 children with T1D who were referred to two medical centers located in Tehran, Iran in 2020. The patients were randomized into 2 groups; 1) intervention with TTP (n=10, 15 sessions, 60-minute ‎) and 2) control (n=12). The Child Depression Inventory and the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire, before, after, and one month following treatment filled out by participants.

Our findings revealed that the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the mean of the variable of depression (-0.66 vs. -0.15, P<0.001) and an increase in quality of life components such as physical functioning (0.71 vs. 0.1, P<0.001), emotional functioning (0.74 vs. -0.02, P<0.001), social performance (0.56 vs. 0.02, P<0.001) and school performance (0.68 vs. 0.15, P<0.001) compared to the control group.

The results of the present study showed that TTP will be an effective method to reduce depression and increase the quality of life of children with TD1.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is experiencing some physical and psychological symptoms in the last days of the menstrual cycle; it interferes with educational, social and family functioning, creating problems for the adolescents. The objective of this study was to determinee the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic treatment program on anxiety, depression and stress in female adolescents with premenstrual syndrome and their motherschr('39') quality of life.

This experimental study was conducted on 26 female adolescents with PMS referring to two health centers in Tehran, Iran in 2019. They were divided randomly in 2 groups, namely, an intervention (n=12, attending six 90-minute session per week‎) and a control (n=14) group. Data were gathered using the WHO Quality of Life, Beck depression, the DASS and PMS Screening Tool (PSST) questionnaires initially and after one month. The repeated ANOVA test was used for data analysis using SPSS software version 21; a p-value of <5% was considered to show statistical significance.

As compared to the control group, at the end of the period the intervention group showed a statistically significant decrease in the means of the three variables of depression, anxiety and stress (p <0.05). The decrease significantly improved the quality of life of the mothers.

The findings of this study show that a transdiagnostic treatment program can be an effective method to reduce the psychological problems of adolescent girls and improve the quality of life of their mothers.

, The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of verbal working memory intervention on the emotional working memory of students with dyslexia. This was an experimental study with the pre-test, post-test and control group design. Participants in the study were a sample of 20 male primary school students diagnosed with dyslexia from centers for learning disabilities in Alborz province in the academic year 2017-2018. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups, each with 10 participants. The experimental group received the verbal working memory program for 10 sessions. Participants in both groups completed the Reading and Dyslexia Test and Arjmandnia’s Emotional Working Memory Questionnaire correspondingly to evaluate their dyslexia and to assess their emotional working memory. The obtained data were analyzed through the analysis of covariance using SPSS. The results showed that the intervention of verbal working memory improves emotional working memory and dyslexia of students. Based on the finding of the present study, it can be concluded that the verbal working memory intervention was effective in improving emotional working memory and dyslexia.

Among learning disorders, mathematics disorder can be mentioned. Mathematics disorders affect the ability to learn and apply mathematical concepts and skills.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of visual-spatial working memory intervention on emotional working memory of students with mathematics disorders.

This research was quasi-experimental study with the design of pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population was the whole students in primary schools, at risk for mathematics disorders in Alborz province in 2017-2018. The method of sampling was available sampling and consisted of 20 boy students and randomly assigned to experimental and control group. The experimental group received the visual-spatial working memory intervention in 24 sessions. Also, in order to evaluate mathematics disorders and emotional working memory, the Iran Key Math test (1988) and The Researcher made of Emotional working memory questionnaire (2018) were used. The gathered data were analyzed through covariance analysis with SPSS.

The results indicated that the visual-spatial working memory intervention improved the performance of working emotional memory in students (P<0.05)

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the visual-spatial working memory intervention was effective on emotional working memory and computed mathematics performance (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) in students.

Nowadays, Producing and using chemical compounds in different industrials has caused environmental pollution. One of these compounds that can bring a widespread pollution in natural resources is Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE). This organic compound that is produced in petrochemical industries is used as a substitute to produce lead free gasoline in all over the world. Human exposure to MTBE may cause dizziness, coughing, fever, headaches, vomiting, muscular aches, sleepiness and skin and eye irritation. Concerning the destructive consequences of MTBE on the environment, and human health, clearing polluted resources are vital. The main objective of this study is dedicated to treat MTBE-contaminated waters through adsorption process in the presence of granular activated carbon (GAC). In this study, the effect of pH as well as exposure time on the removal of MTBE from aqueous solution have been examined and finally the efficacies of the process is assessed in terms of organic compounds removal and GAC reusability. According to the results, the adsorption capacity of used activated carbon depends considerably on the PH and reaction time. In this study, after 45 minutes of reaction time at PH of 8 the maximum COD removal efficiency of 62% was achieved. In this research both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model best represented the MTBE adsorption behavior of GAC, having R2 of 92.2% and 84.6%, respectively. Moreover, maximum capacity of adsorption, in optimized condition, was estimated to be 67 mg of COD per each gr of GAC.

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychological and emotional disorders in children. Anxiety disorder can disrupt the routine life, school performance and friendly relationship. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of animation program with cognitive behavior approach on anxiety symptoms of children with 7 or 8 years old. The present study was a single subject design using A-B-A for participants. 3 primary school children with anxiety symptoms participated in this study. The treatment plan was consisted of 12 secessions implementing animation program that each participant received the program individually. Multiple measurements were done at pre-test, during the treatment and post-test. The instrument of the present study was the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) (1999). The gathered data were analyzed with chart analysis. According to the results of the present study include that animation program was affective on reducing the anxiety symptom of the primary school children.

The autism spectrum disorder makes lots of tensions in family. The mothers of these children as main caregivers experience emotional challenges. But can the family resilience training be effective on quality of life and mental health of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder?

The aim of this study was determination of the effectiveness of family resilience training on quality of life and mental health of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This research was quasi-experimental study with the design of pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population of the research were the mothers of autistic children, living in Tehran in 2018. From this population one sample of 20 persons by the available sampling method were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control. Both groups gave pre-test and then experimental group received the family resilience training program in 9 sections but any intervention was not performed on control group. The instruments were the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Goldberg & Hiller Mental Health Questionnaire (1972).

The obtained data were analyzed by using multivariable analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The result showed that family resilience training program was effective on the quality of life and mental health of mothers (P>0/05).

According to the finding of the present study, it can be concluded that family resilience training program can increase the quality of life and mental health of mothers of autistic children.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational program of intra-family relationships on the marital satisfaction of mothers and the resiliency of sisters of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This research was quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow up design. The statistical population of this research included mothers and sisters of autistic children, living in Tehran in 2018. From among this population, 24 individuals were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups; experiment (12 people) and control (12 people). Both groups answered the pre-test and then experiment group received the educational program of intra-family relationships in 9 sessions. The tools of the present study were Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale (2010) and Connor & Davidson Resiliency Scale (2003). The obtained data were analyzed using repeated measurements of analysis of covariance with SPSS.

The results showed that educational program of intra-family relationships was effective on the marital satisfaction and the resiliency variables and the effect of this change was stable in the follow up (P<0/05).

According to the finding of the present study, it can be concluded that the educational program of intra-family relationships can increase the marital satisfaction of mothers and the resiliency of sisters of children with autism spectrum disorder.