elham zare

We investigated an MT dataset composed of 284 broadband (10-4-3414 sec) MT stations along seven profiles to unravel the electrical properties of sub-surface structures in the Nasr-Abad region, west Central Iran. The region is composed of five Tertiary salt diapirs developed along the Abshirin-Shurab strike-slip fault zone. The MT profiles are extended perpendicular to the general trend of the Zagros orogenic belt (in an SW-NE direction) which is one of the main structural elements controlling regional deformation in the Iranian plateau.The analysis of impedance data shows that a more complex conductivity structure is expected beneath the SW of the profile. a shallow conductive layer appears throughout the study region which extends to the deeper part beneath the NE of the profile. Furthermore, The Abshirin-Shurab fault significantly influences the apparent resistivity at the SW end of most profiles.In the next step, we characterize the structural dimensionality of MT data by commonly used Bahr rotational invariants (κ, μ, η, ∑) and the phase tensor skew angle (β). The phase-sensitive skew (η), the regional 1-D indicator (μ), and β skew angle depend on the phase information inherent in the impedance tensor. Therefore, they are affected primarily by large-scale induction anomalies and are immune to low-frequency galvanic distortions. The thresholds assigned for μ, η, and β are 0.1, 0.3, and 3˚, respectively. The skew values calculated from the Nasr-Abad MT data set suggest that the regional conductivity structure is 2D rather than 3D or 1D as the calculated η remains below 0.3 and μ above 0.1. The appropriate category of data is therefore, responses from a regional 2D structure contaminated by galvanic distortion effects.   We applied the phase tensor analysis for regional strike determination. It does not require any assumption about regional conductivity structure, and its results are not susceptible to galvanic distortion. The method determines the electrical strike from the axis direction of phase tensor ellipses. The analysis reveals a scatter pattern of strikes at short periods (<1 sec) due to the small sampling area of EM fields at these periods. As the period increases an strike azimuth, preferentially aligned N30°W is obtained for the regional geoelectric structure.

Today, attention to the tourism of historical contexts has been recognized as very important in order to promote socio-economic progress and to recognize the historical values ​​and cultural identity of each region. Therefore, this study was written with the aim of identifying the causal pattern of tourism promotion criteria in the historical context of Tabriz. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts in the field of research, 15 of whom were selected through targeted sampling. The collection of required information in this research has been done using library and field methods and Fuzzy DEMATEL method has been used to analyze the research data. The results of this study showed that among the identified criteria, the primary element criterion was identified as the most effective criterion and also as the most important criterion for promoting tourism in the historical context of Tabriz. Other results of this study include the causal model of each of the sub-criteria, among the sub-criteria of primary elements, historical criterion, among the sub-criteria related to secondary elements, accommodation facilities, and among the sub-criteria of favorable tourism space. They were identified as the most influential sub-criteria.

Clothing is a material sign of a cultural communication system; And weaving is one of the basic experiences of mankind, and among the interesting weaves is the tapestry weave, which is woven from the weave of tangled threads, the compressed chords in the form of a strong patterned and symmetrical surface, it has a design; A visual texture that is a subset of fiber art; And fashion, a phenomenon that exists more or less among the social strata and can be used in the design of modern bags and shoes for young women who follow the clothing of the Vionic brand. The purpose of this article is to apply the tapestry texture and appropriate materials in bags and shoes and boom in the clothing market, innovation in the design of women's bags and shoes and change the evolution in the visibility of an art; It is obvious that today bags and shoes are an important and inseparable part of the look and style, so we will give double glory with how to create the charm and appeal of women's bags and shoes, which is a combination of modern art and tapestry escape. Due to the fact that tapestry has a fancy and formal style, it is suggested that bags and shoes become more practical and can be used in all places. It is also possible to create a new world in the clothing market by using the art of tapestry in bags and shoes. The current research method is descriptive and its purpose is applied. To collect information related to the literature of the subject and the background of the research, a library method was used, and a qualitative research method was used to collect information to confirm or reject the research hypotheses. Rami tapestry can be displayed from models and textures, thread and various basic tools, scissors heads and cloth and simple and sometimes very beautiful and practical tools.

Urban tourism has a complex interaction with the city body, which sometimes cannot be separated. This relationship is two-way and mutual, on the one hand, the city helps tourism with its capacities, services and elements, and on the other hand, tourism increases the economic, social and cultural prosperity of the city. A form of sustainable tourism is urban creativity. The formation of a creative city and creative tourism is one of the latest successful urban management practices in order to attract material and non-material capital. Based on this, the aim of this research is to identify the physical drivers effective on tourism in the creative city of Tabriz with a future research approach. The research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The data collection method is library and field. Also, out of 563,660 households in Tabriz city, 400 heads of households among ten regions were randomly selected through Cochran's formula, and 15 urban experts were selected for questioning, and finally SPSS and MICMAC software were used for data analysis. The results of the research showed that the indicators related to the dimensions of urban infrastructure and equipment, natural and environmental, technology, building body and service-welfare, respectively, with a weighted average of 0.835, 0.794, 0.745, 0.595 and 0.492. "Had the greatest impact on the creative tourism of Tabriz city. Also, based on the path analysis model, the factors influencing the creative tourism of Tabriz city were determined directly and indirectly. And finally, all the physical factors affecting the creative tourism of Tabriz city were leveled in an exploratory way (intersectional effects).

Nowadays, with the spread of all kinds of man-made threats such as military, terrorist and sabotage threats, it is essential to pay attention to control and reduce the vulnerability of the country's infrastructure, especially police headquarters, and to obtain the necessary preparations in order to deal with and restore favorable conditions against all kinds of threats. The current research is defined with the aim of analyzing the spatial-spatial criteria of law enforcement centers based on the principles of passive defense. The statistical population of the research was made up of experts in the field of research, and the sample size was estimated to be 30 people. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, Delphi and fuzzy DMATEL techniques were used in the environment of spss and excel software. The results of this research showed that in relation to determining the optimal spatial and spatial location of law enforcement centers, the physical criterion with the highest D-R value (1.876) is located in the upper part of the graph, and it shows that this criterion is the most effective criterion. Also, based on the calculated D+R value, the physical criterion is the most important criterion. The social and cultural criterion is known as the most effective criterion considering that it has the lowest D-R value. In relation to the physical criterion according to the D-R value, the sub-criterion of the distance from the fault is the most effective criterion and the urban

With the emergence of the creative tourism paradigm, the knowledge-raising tourism system invites tourists to visit and interact with societies' living and unique cultures instead of just visiting tangible assets in museums and ancient works. In this paradigm, tourists engage all their five senses in creating their unique experience and upgrade their relationship with the local people from the level of buyer and seller to the relationship of student and teacher. In this research, the role of cultural components in the development of creative tourism of the city in the historical texture of the city and, among this, the historical bazaar of Tabriz city should be investigated. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this research included tourists entering Tabriz city in 2021, and the sample size was estimated to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. The validity of the research tool was calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis model, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done using SPSS and AMOS software with descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The findings showed that cultural components, i.e., distance from low power, development of handicrafts and cultural relations, collectivism, and avoidance of uncertainty, have a positive and significant effect on the development of urban creative tourism. Among the identified components, the uncertainty avoidance component, with a path coefficient of 0.52, had the greatest impact on the development of urban creative tourism.

Context: 

Since sexual function is significantly influenced by tension, fear, and melancholy, all of which are intensified throughout epidemics, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally can also affect individuals’ sexual function and life. The strong relationship between sexual dysfunction and quality of life disorders has made it an important public health concern.

The current study was conducted to assess female sexual function throughout the COVID-19 quarantine. Evidence Acquisition: ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched with no language limitations. Two independent researchers reviewed all relevant articles published until November 30, 2021. Finally, 22 articles were included in the study, 13 of which were eligible for meta-analysis. The data were combined using meta-analysis and a random effect model. A Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to check the potential bias of publication.

The mean score of the female sexual function index (FSFI) was 23.34 (95% confidence interval: 21.17 - 25.52) using the random effect model. Out of the 6 studies that reported the FSFI scores before and throughout the COVID-19 crisis, 5 studies indicated a statistically significant drop in the mean scores of female sexual function throughout COVID-19, contrasting with before the epidemic. Most studies comparing the repetition of sexual activity before and through the COVID-19 epidemic reported a decrease in the repetition of sexual activity throughout the epidemic.

Adverse psychological outcomes and restrictions caused by the COVID-19 crisis decreased female sexual function and the repetition of sexual activity. Health policymakers worldwide should scheme and execute helpful syllabi and interventions to reduce the adverse impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the sexual health of individuals.

Context: 

Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common problems of women affecting their living standards. Concerns about the side effects of chemical drugs and the tendency to use complementary medicine have led to the introduction of herbal medicines as an alternative option to improve this disorder.

This study was planned to systematically investigate the effects of herbal medicines on sexual function and sexual satisfaction of women of reproductive age.

Data Sources: 

All related articles published in English or Persian from 2000 to February 28, 2022, were reviewed. The international databases of Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, and the national SID database were searched. Then, the articles were reviewed by two independent researchers. The data were combined using meta-analysis and the random effect model.

The findings of 12 studies entered into the meta-analysis showed that in the group of herbal medicines, the total score of female sexual function significantly improved (0.95; %95 CI: 0.803 - 1.097) (P = 0.001). Also, the sexual satisfaction score was higher in the group of herbal medicines (0.84; %95 CI: 0.476 - 1.21), which was significant (P = 0.001).

Herbal medicines positively affect sexual function and sexual satisfaction of women of reproductive age and can be an effective and safe treatment for female sexual dysfunction (FSD). However, more studies with larger sample sizes on women of reproductive age are needed to achieve definitive conclusions.

Designing valid and reliable tool to measure the sexual self-care status of reproductive age women in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses and design appropriate interventions to improve the sexual health status of reproductive age women is considered a necessity for the society. Therefore, this study was conducted with aim of designing and psychometrically evaluating sexual self-care questionnaire in women of reproductive age.

This was a methodological study with a cross-sectional design conducted in 2021. A questionnaire was designed using a comparative approach based on the Waltz model. Then, to check the psychometric characteristics of the tool, quantitative and qualitative face validity and quantitative and qualitative content validity were investigated. Finally, the reliability of the tool was assessed by the internal consistency assessment and determining the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the stability assessment by the test-retest method and determining the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC).

The final version of this questionnaire was designed with 40 items in four areas including prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and genital infections, prevention of gynecology cancers, prevention of unwanted pregnancy and promotion of sexual health. The psychometric characteristics of this questionnaire showed that the validity index of the total tool was 0.93 and the validity ratio of the total tool was 0.96. The relative reliability of the total tool was also shown with Cronbach's alpha of 0.94. The stability of the tool was also shown by the ICC in the total tool of 0.97 with a confidence interval of 0.94-0.98.

The Female Sexual Health Self-care (FSHS) questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability in the Iranian population, which can measure the broad concept of sexual self-care. The results of this study can be available to experts and planners to review the current situation and design suitable interventions.

Considering the importance of reproductive health and the major role of health literacy in health promotion, this study was conducted to explore the concepts and dimensions of women’s reproductive health literacy.

This is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with 13 married women of reproductive age residing in Tehran, Iran, and 9 Ph.D.-educated health professionals.

4 themes emerged: 1) knowledge about sexual and reproductive health consisted of knowledge about physical and mental aspects of reproductive health, especially in pregnancy and sexual matters, 2) obtaining and understanding information about reproductive health, including the ability to obtain information, acquiring information, and understanding information from different sources, 3) evaluating the information about reproductive health (by assessing the validity of information sources, consulting informed people about information accuracy, and concluding from the information), and 4) using the information to improve reproductive health behaviors: by making informed decisions, general health self-care behaviors, having desirable sex by talking about their needs and desires and trying to solve sexual issues.

Reproductive health literacy, from the view of the participants, consisted of having knowledge and obtaining an understanding of correct information about reproductive health and using them as behaviors that lead to the promotion of reproductive health. Therefore, the attention of health policymakers and stakeholders to these concepts and dimensions can increase the reproductive health literacy of women in society through effective planning and strategies.

Vasomotor symptoms during menopause occur on average in 75% of women. Hot flashes are the most common of these symptoms. Hormonal drugs  are the most effective method of treatment. Due to the known risks of hormone therapy, many researchers have investigated the effect of herbal medicines to improve vasomotor symptoms, especially hot flashes. This study was performed with aim to investigate the clinical trial studies conducted on the effectiveness of various herbal medicines on hot flashes.

In this study, to find the related articles, databases of Google scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Web of science, Science direct and national databases such as (MagIran), (SID), (IranDoc) and (IranMedex) were searched from the beginning of January 2005 to January 2020. Data were combined using STATA software (version 12.2) and using meta-analysis method, random effects model.

In the present study, 11 clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis according to the inclusion criteria.In the medicinal plants group, mean reduction in the number of hot flushes was 2.41 times (95% CI: -1.56 to -3.27%) less than the control group, which was statistically significant (p<0.05).In addition, in the medicinal plants group, the intensity of hot flashes was 20.28 degrees (95% CI: -71.70 to -22.87) compared to the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).

Medicinal plants containing phytoestrogens have good effects on reducing the frequency and intensity of hot flashes in menopausal women and can be a suitable treatment for hot flashes in menopausal women.

 Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common problems following menopause. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cinnamon and vitex on improving sexual function in postmenopausal women.

 This study was a randomized triple-blind clinical trial with a control group. Randomized sampling was used to allocate postmenopausal women into three cinnamon, vitex, and placebo groups of 35. A sexual function index was utilized before and two and three months after the intervention to assess sexual functioning. SPSS version 21 software was used for analysis.

 The mean age was 54.45 ± 3.73 years. The overall sexual function score in the two cinnamon and vitex groups showed a statistically significant difference before and after treatment compared to the placebo group (P < 0.00). In the vitex group, sexual desire (P = 0.00) and arousal (P = 0.02) increased significantly compared to pre-intervention, and this significant increase was observed in the cinnamon group in lubricity (P = 0.00) and sexual satisfaction (P = 0.03).

 Cinnamon and vitex are effective medicinal herbs to alleviate sexual function.

 Vaginitis is one of the most common complaints in women around the world. Cinnamon is one of the medicinal plants for which there is contradictory evidence of its effect on vaginitis.

 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cinnamon on the treatment and recurrence of candidal vaginitis.

 We performed this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial from April to August 2018 in Tehran, Iran. Totally 120 women aged 15 to 45 years clinically and paraclinical approved candidiasis vaginitis were included by convenient sampling at first and then were randomly allocated to 2 groups. The intervention group received 2.5 g of cinnamon powder. The control group received 2.5 g of placebo. Both groups should apply a vaginal applicator of clotrimazole cream (1%) daily. Vaginitis symptoms were evaluated with the researcher-made questionnaire and checklist at baseline, 4th, and 7th days of the treatment. Recurrence was evaluated 2 months later.

 A significant decrease was seen in itching (from 83% to 11%) (P-value = 0.001), burning (from 71% to 5%) (P-value = 0.003), suprapelvic pain (from 65% to 3.3%) (P-value = 0.001), dyspareunia (from 80% to 7%) (P-value = 0.001) on the 7th day of the treatment in the cinnamon group. In the placebo group, a significant decrease was shown in itching (from 90% to 20%) (P-value = 0.001), burning (from 81.7% to 8.3%) (P-value = 0.001), dyspareunia (from 78% to 35%) (P-value = 0.001) and suprapubic pain (from 68% to 16.7%) (P-value = 0.001). After 2 months, recurrence was 45% in the cinnamon group (P-value = 0.001), but it was 71.7% in the placebo group (P-value = 0.003). No adverse effects of cinnamon were recorded.

 The efficacy of oral cinnamon capsule is better than clotrimazole vaginal cream in the treatment and recurrence of vaginal candidiasis. Therefore, the use of these products may be an effective remedy for vaginal candidiasis.

Considering the high prevalence of hot flashes and the controversies in its treatments, the present study evaluated the effect of Pimpinella anisum extract on the treatment and recurrence of hot flashes in women referred to the health centers of medical sciences universities in Tehran, Iran in 2019.

The present double-blind controlled parallel-group clinical trial included 72 menopausal women with chief complaint of hot flashes. The participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n = 36 each) of experimental (receiving three P. anisum capsules) and control. The severity and frequency of hot flashes were measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before the treatment, eight weeks after the treatment, and four weeks after discontinuation of the medication. The data of patients, including their diet, were recorded in the questionnaires and information forms. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19, and the intra-group results were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Also, to compare the scores between the groups, t-test, and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (MWW) were used.

The frequency of hot flashes in the P. anisum group was 7.89 ± 5.67 before the treatment, 1.04 ± 1.24 eight weeks after the treatment, and 4.21 ± 2.03 in the four-week follow-up period. The severity of hot flashes among the P. anisum group was 11.50 ± 9.78, 1.90 ± 2.77, and 5.78 ± 1.92 before the treatment, eight weeks after the treatment, and four-week follow-up (P = 0.001), respectively. However, the severity and frequency of hot flashes did not change significantly in the placebo group (P = 0.75). No side effects were seen in any of the groups.

Pimpinella anisum was effective in reducing the frequency and severity of hot flashes.

Attachment between mother and fetus plays an important role in maternal identity, birth outcomes, growth, and development of a newborn. In addition, domestic violence, especially in pregnancy, has been regarded as a health priority in many societies.

The study aimed to assess the relationship between domestic violence in pregnancy and maternal fetus attachment.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 200 pregnant mothers visiting the selected Healthcare Centers of Mashhad. The questionnaires were demographic information, Straus Violence Questionnaire and Cranley’s Mother-Fetus Attachment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation coefficient and linear regression tests as well as SPSS v.21 software.

Here, 54% of members had experienced domestic violence. In general, there was a reversed and significant correlation between all aspects of domestic violence and mother-fetus attachment. Moreover, 89% of research centers reported fetal attachment as good, 10% as average, and 1% as weak. Based on the linear regression test, physical violence was able to predict the variance of maternal attachment score of 4.14% in mothers.

As a result of this article, regarding lower maternal-fetal attachment in violated women in pregnancy, much more sensitive screening should be considered for domestic violence so that adverse outcomes are prohibited.

Today's cities have become the main place for people to work and live. The ultimate goal of a city is to create a pleasant and comfortable environment for the people in which they live. Sustainability is fueled by the evolution of planning priorities and the importance of responding to the growing needs of a post-industrial society seeking higher, higher quality facilities and facilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the viability in District 12 of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its type is applied. District 12 is populated by 240720 according to the statistics of the year 1395. Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample number. Based on the sample number in District 12, 382 cases were distributed among 13 neighborhoods. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS and ArcGIS software. The city council, the lack of favorable public spaces, the lack of protection of the city and its cultural heritage, and various other historical and monumental sites, and many other objects. Economic, social, environmental V... The impact on the city of Tehran and its central part has not been over time.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate an association between low birth weight (LBW) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic  review  was conducted through medical  database, ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane for peer-reviewed, cross sectional, cohort studies assessing the correlation between child ADHD with Low birth weight (LBW) from 2005 to 2019 without language restriction. Keywords were selected based on the Mesh terms. From all 126 articles which were totally found, only 19 studies with 15 to 22 scores from STROBE checklist remained in the study for final assessment. Five studies assessed the relationship between VLBW and ADHD, one study the relationship between ELBW and ADHD, and another one between VLBW/ ELBW and ADHD. Significant correlations had been reported between LBW and ADHD in 7 studies, between VLBW and ADHD in 5 studies, and between ELBW and ADHD in 1 study. Nevertheless, some researchers had reported no significant correlation between LBW and ADHD in 5 studies and between VLBW and ADHD in 1 study. Birth weight seems to have a decisive role in the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Specific prevention and management interventions are required to reduce the incidence of ADHD.

We report a case of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with an unusual presentation of fever and rash without any respiratory symptoms. Skin manifestations can help physicians to rapidly diagnose and control this pandemic disease.

Sexual function is one of the most important aspects of menopausal women, and its disorder is a common condition among this group of women. The long-term side effects of hormone replacement therapy to improve this disorder have led women to seek alternative therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize clinical trials of herbal medicines that improve the sexual function of menopausal women. In this review article, the content was searched in 6 databases to identify double- and triple-blind clinical trial studies from January 2000 to April 2020. The search was conducted in English and Persian. Studies were considered if they were related to menopausal woman, sexual function and its various domains. A total of 479 articles were reviewed, 31 of which were included in the study after reviewing the full text. In this study, 3 articles on ginseng, 4 articles on fennel, 2 articles on Fenugreek, 3 articles on bindii, 3 articles on Red clover, 1 article on Schisandra, 2 articles on Hops; 3 articles about Black cohosh, 2 articles about soy, 2 articles about Ginkgo biloba, 1 article about Nigella sativa, 1 article about neroli oil, 1 article about maca, 1 article about Date pollen, 1 article about Aphrodite and 1 article on the combination of St John’s wort and vitex were evaluated. Red ginseng, fennel, bindii, Red clover and Black cohosh have the greatest effect on improving the sexual function of menopausal women, and people can be encouraged to use these plants.

Neighborhoods are considered as effective elements in urban social life. In the theoretical foundations related to the development of new sites, the importance of the participation of residents of the neighborhood, in the form of processor planning and interacting patterns are emphasized. Local community planning emphasizes on empowerment, increasing social capital and community participation in local communities, emphasizing the bottom-up view. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of local community participation in sustainable social development in Tehran's Sanglaj neighborhood. The research method is descriptive-analytic and its type is applicable. The method of collecting information was done through questionnaires and surveys. Sampling was purposeful and from 7075 households in the neighborhood, 400 households were selected by questionnaire using Cochran formula. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the sense of belonging and the duration of stay in the neighborhood, and the extent of participation in the social sustainability of the neighborhood. Also, indicators of "belonging to the neighborhood, trust among neighborhood residents, renovation and renovation of neighborhood wear and tear and neighborhood satisfaction" were numerically equal to 212/0, 771/0, 338/0 and 143/0, respectively; As well as indicators of "participation in collective activity, attention to the interests of residents of the neighborhood, social convergence of residents, and residents' participation", with a numerical value of 171/0, 234/0, 185/0, and 027/0, have indirect relationship with social sustainability Are the neighborhood.

Using cell phone has become an inseparable part of the life in the recent years. In spite of the useful usage of the cell phone, its constant over-use makes the field for people’s addiction and harms. The purpose of the present research is to analyze the relation between the cell phone’s scale and the way of use with the motivation of educational progress among the female students’ of the ninth grade of high schools in Yazd Township.

 The understudy model in this research was 288 persons who were chosen according to Krejci & Morgan tables. The Random-Cluster Testing model was multi-leveled that had been chosen randomly among the female high schools of Zone two. The means of use were cell-phone over-use scale (COS) Jenaro, et.al (2007), the questionnaire of cell-phone’s usage type (Manteghi, 1389), Achievement Motivation Test (AMT) Hermens (1987).The Correlation Test of Pierson and Regression has been used to analyze the data.

The result of data analysis showed that there is no relation between harmful usage of cell phone and achievement motivation (p>0.05), a positive meaningful relation between the software use and the use of calendar and time with achievement motivation (p<0.05).

The result showed that the use of some of cell phone’s options which are according to the present needs of learners can be effective greatly. Albeit the results shows the necessity of programmers and authorities’ attention to the growing spread of harmful usage of cell phone in the high schools.

We report a 25-year-old man who was initially presented with Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) in Shahid Modarress Hospital, Tehran, Iran. His diagnosis was Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (Anti-GBM) disease that was confirmed by kidney biopsy, as his serum Anti-GBM antibody was undetectable. Although the patient was on cyclophosphamide and high dose prednisolone, he developed Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). We initiated treatment with a high dose of prednisone and plasmapheresis. Because of his poor response, rituximab was administered. After that, the patient’s hematologic criteria and clinical symptoms improved to an acceptable level. Our case is a unique form of negative serum Anti-GBM antibody disease which was complicated with TTP and responded to treatment with rituximab

By looking beyond what is often said about the importance and necessity of education and culture in shaping human and society, this article seeks to analyze the other side of culture and education that does not let the pupils to think in other ways of life and prevent them from creativity. Using the concept of "unrealized possibilities", the paper emphasizes on the ways in which culture and education prevent pupils from attention to some possibilities such as freedom and comprehensive development. The main goal of the paper is to answer these questions: How does culture and education restrain human minds from creativity and lead to the unrealized possibilities? How can the unrealized opportunities be realized? The method of critical analysis is used in order to answer these questions. The findings indicate that unrealized possibilities can be realized through providing pupils with cultural intelligence, creativity, meta-cultural vision, active role, and individuality.

Breastfeeding initiation is an important event during the postpartum period. Despite the significance of exclusive breastfeeding in infant health, some common breast issues lead to the early cessation of breastfeeding. Therefore, various complementary medicine techniques are used to increase the length and quality of breastfeeding. The current review study collected evidence on the impacts of complementary medicine on successful breastfeeding and breastfeeding-associated problems in the postpartum period. A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases and all randomized clinical trial, quasi-experimental, observational, and case-control studies published from 1999 to 2018. The quality of the selected papers was measured based on their adherence to the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. After careful examinations, 18 papers were selected and reviewed. According to the results of the current review, point massage was beneficial to prevent low milk supply postpartum. Oketani breast massage significantly increased total solids, lipids, and casein content, as well as the gross energy of breast milk and thus improved its overall quality. Reflexology enhanced breast milk supply. The Gua-Sha therapy, Oketani massage, and hollyhock leaf compress decreased the mean severity of breast engorgement. The six-step recanalization manual therapy (SSRMT) could be used as a safe and low-cost method to treat plugged milk ducts after delivery. Nipple fissures could be relieved by the use of Pistacia atlantica resin, silver impregnate medical cap, lanoline, menthol essence, and Ziziphus jujuba fruit. Supplementary medicine techniques are inexpensive and safe methods to resolve breastfeeding problems and empower mothers to perform successful breastfeeding. These methods can thus promote exclusive breastfeeding and decrease infant morbidity and morbidity. However, further details are needed in this area.

Divorce applicant couples have many problems, especially in the field of family function and marital adjustment and psychological interventions are necessary to improve their characteristics. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of couple therapy by Gottman method on family function and marital adjustment in divorce applicant couples. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test. The research statistical population was divorce applicant couples referring to counseling centers of Gharchak city in spring season of 2018 year. Research sample was 50 couple that were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups (each group 25 couple). The experimental group trained couple therapy by Gottman method for 8 sessions of 90 minutes (two sessions a week). The research instruments were family function and marital adjustment questionnaires that completed in pre-test and post-test stages by both groups. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method. The findings showed that couple therapy by Gottman method led to increase family function (F=47/50, P<0/000) and marital adjustment (F=44/82, P<0/000) in divorce applicant couples. The results indicate the importance of couple therapy by Gottman method on increase the family function and marital adjustment in divorce applicant couples. As a result, clinical psychologists and therapists can use couple therapy by Gottman method to improve psychological characteristics, especially improving family function and marital adjustment in divorce applicant couples.