فهرست مطالب enayati

Health literacy (HL) is the main factor shows health literate level of people in a certain society. Discovering and understanding affective factors on HL level could lead experts to improve these factors in the target community. This study aimed to Health Literacy classification of population and find a major component with data mining approaches.

In this paper, we have acquired more details about major factors on the health literacy level of target society by assessing evolutionary methods. We benefit of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and KNN and fuzzy KNN algorithm for classification and use wrapper technique for feature selection by our model. Feature selection are done as weighted features and selects the most effective features of health literacy. Our proposed model evaluates a data set of Health Literacy by two classifiers with/without fuzzy logic. Applied data set is a real data gathered from a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study on adult population include 2133 record with 74 attributes in 2016 at South Khorasan province. We have gained effective factors on HL level of the population according to regions and total population without using any statistical analysis tools with the lowest human interference by an evolutionary method.

Proposed model have found effective factors on the health literacy level of population in South Khorasan province. Results are obtained 92.02% accuracy for the total population and 97.99% for regions population.

Simulations demonstrate the evolutionary method is a suitable way for extracting results from health data sets and also shows the superiority of the proposed method.

According to (Singh 1989), Change detection ( CD ) is “the process of identifying differences in the state of an object or phenomenon by observing it at different times”. Change detection from remote sensing images is very important in Geomatics’ applications such as urban and rural management, environmental applications, forest monitoring, agriculture, and so on. There are some essential processing tasks including geometric and radiometric corrections, feature extraction and selection, and classification, which must be performed on multi-temporal images, to do change detection. Radiometric correction is one of the most important tasks in change detection, since atmosphere condition, seasonal effects, and the change on view angle of sensors, and so on make a difference on illuminations of a pixel in two dates. There are many errors in the outcome of change detection without applying radiometric correction task. For this reason, a radiometric correction approach was developed in this study to do an appropriate change detection method. There are some radiometric correction approaches, which works based corresponding pixels. They use linear regression, neural network, and so on to make a relation among digital values of images in time series images. Undoubtedly, the corresponding pixels play a key role in radiometric correction approaches to solve unknown parameters of linear regression and neural network. Then, we proposed an efficient approach to select proper corresponding pixels. In this research, three radiometric correction approaches including Pseudo Invariant Features ( PIF ), Radiometric control sets method ( RCSM ), and linear regression along with a new radiometric correction approach were implemented. To evaluate radiometric correction approaches, two case studies including Lake Urmia and Alaska were chosen. Landsat TM satellite images were also obtained from the study areas. Results show that the accuracy of change detection outcomes depends on threshold values of radiometric correction approaches. Moreover, overall accuracies of linear regression, pseudo invariant features, radiometric control sets method, and our proposed approach in the first and second study areas were (68 % , 93 % , 91 % , 94 % ) and (92 % , 95 % , 97 % , 97 % ), respectively. It indicates that our proposed radiometric correction approach is more efficient than linear regression, Pseudo Invariant Features, and radiometric control sets method. In the future woks, it is recommended to use non-linear functions instead of linear one in our proposed approach to achieve more accurate results.

Dunaliella sp. is from division of chlorophyte algae that has a global distribution and is abundantly reported in the coastal waters of Chabahar Bay. This algae is a euryhalin species which may support high temperatures and lack of Nitrogen conditions in the sea. Also as a response to environmental stresses it fluctuates pigment reserves specially the Beta-Carotene. The aim of this study was effects of salinity on growth, chlorophyll and β-carotene concentration in Dunaliella sp. In this study in beyond the separation and purification of Dunaliella sp. from seawater, the impact of different levels of salinity (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 mol NaCl) on growth, the amount of chlorophyll and β- carotene were measured during a period of 4 weeks. Chlorophyll a, b and β-carotene contents were determined spectrophotometrically from algal pellets using 80% (v/v) acetone/water mixture. Results showed that the Dunaliella sp. in treatments of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 mol NaCl could grow, but the maximum growth of this algae and the maximum amount of β-carotene were observed in salinities between 1.5 to 2 mol NaCl (p<0.05). Parallel to growth of the algae the production of chlorophyll a and b was increased in all salinities treatments but their production causes a decrease in β- carotene production.

Efficiency of various meshes of gillnet and trolling gear was investigated for catching kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson) in coastal waters of Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2007. In gillnets with mesh sizes between 57 to 110 mm and netting of monofilamnet and multifilament, the size distribution of kingfish ranged between 40 to 78 cm of fork length, which all specimen caught were immature. In mesh size of 146 mm and 171 mm, the length range of the species was larger, in which the frequency of immature fish for the respective mesh sizes was 19 and 11. In general, most fish was captured by wedging in the all mesh sizes. The size range of kingfish captured by the trolling was between 52 and 147 cm, of which more than 50 percent of caught fish were immature. The proportion of kingfish catches in the gillnets of 57-110 mm mesh sizes is about 13% of the total catch composition, for which the mesh sizes are considered as the dominant gillnets for capturing the species in this area. The conribution of kingfish catches in 133, 146, and 171 mm mesh sizes was 1.1, 52.3 and 18.9% respectively, with a 146-mm mesh size is considered as a dominant gillnet for this species. The implementation of the ban on the use of 57 to 110 mm mesh sizes for exploitation of kingfish is mandatory, which the mesh size of 146 mm and above seems to be appropriate for responsible fishery of the species. However, recommendation of standard mesh size needs to be re-examined in field trials.

Aims: Expression and purification of recombinant Urate oxidase as well as other pharmaceutical proteins are a costly process. The use of non-chromatographic methods in the purification process can reduce production costs. So, the aim of this study was cloning, expression, and purification of recombinant urate oxidase, using intein sequence and elastin-like protein (ELP).
In the present experimental research, the synthetic urate oxidase gene was cloned in downstream of ELP–Intein in an expression plasmid. After cultivating bacteria containing urate oxidase expression plasmid, the soluble fraction of cell lysate was separated from insoluble portion, using centrifugation. The recombinant urate oxidase was precipitated by adding salt and incubation at 37°C. The resulting precipitant was resuspended in cleavage buffer and the urate oxidase was separated from ELP through Intein moiety. Adding salt for the second time and incubation at 37°C resulted in separation of urate oxidase from fusion partner. After expressing and purifying the urate oxidase, purity and biological activity of recombinant urate oxidase were compared to standard drug.
Findings: The recombinant urate oxidase was expressed and purified using ELP and Intein tags as fusions partners. The rescombinant enzyme showed a purity of %90 equal to 1.89 mg.ml-1 based on protein concentration and 1.64 mg.ml-1 based on activity.
Using Intein sequence and Elastin-like protein, together with the Urate Oxidase enzyme helps to express and purify the enzyme without need for a chromatographic method.

In the present study, the mechanical alloying process was used to produce the Ni-Nb-Si amorphous alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD)analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to approve the amorphous phase formation after 12 hours of mechanical alloying. The results obtained from the SEM morphological images of powder particles during mechanical alloying showed that increasing the milling time caused the reduction of the powder particles size and uniformity in the shape of the particles. Enhancing the embrittlement and fracturing rate caused brittleness and the increase in the failure rate; these were followed by a decrease in the powder particle size to 1-5μm. Cold welding and flattening of the pure elemental powders after mechanical alloying for 2 hours formed a lamellar structure of the alternative layers of different elements lying over each other. SEM image of cross-section of powder particles showed that by increasing the milling time, the interlamellar spacing was decreased, the elements were distributed more uniformly, and finally, a uniform structure of theamorphous phase was completed.

The present descriptive-field study was conducted from 2013 to 2014. The data needed to identify the factors affecting the growth of intellectual capital, the extent of impact, the composition and the relationship between them on each aspect of intellectual capital, the presentation of the structural model and the determination of the degree of degree of fitness of the model, has been studied and analyzed. This study was conducted among the faculty members, with the degree of assistant professor and above, of the universities of medical sciences of Fars and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, with about 800 as a statistical population and 260 individuals as a statistical sample that were categorically sampled according to Krejcie-Morgan-sample-size-table. The instrument of the questionnaire was a researcher-made questionnaire developed by faculty members of all groups, using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.947) for collecting data. The results showed that all of the identified components had an impact on the growth of intellectual capital among the faculty members of universities of medical sciences. In the dimension of organizational factors, the component of perceived organizational support with factor load was 0.79, in the dimension of human factors, professionalism with factor load of 0.88, and in the dimension of environmental factors, the component of scientific and trade associations with factor load of 0.84 had the highest impact. Among all the components that affect the growth of intellectual capital, the component of trade unions and academia in the environmental dimension with a factor of 0.84 had the utmost significance in influencing the growth of intellectual capital among faculty members. This pattern shows that the most influence on the growth of intellectual capital is the organizational factors dimension with the factor load of 95/0, then the environmental factors dimension with the factor load of 93/0, and finally the human factor dimension with the factor load of 92/0. Model fitting indicators suggest that the pattern of compliance indicators are satisfactory.

Senna leaf belongs to stimulant laxatives. The laxative effect of this medicinal plant is because of sennosides, aloe-emodin and dynatron which they all belongs to among anthraquinone derivatives family and uses to treat constipation, discharge of the intestine before surgery or abdomen surgeries and tests.
In this study, different methods of extracting from the Senna plant was compared and the extraction of the active ingredient, sennoside B, was optimized by using the response level statistical method.
For the extraction of Senna extract, various extraction methods, including maceration, dynamic maceration (stirrer), ultrasound assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction and soxhlet extraction using ethanol 96° and 60° as solvent in different times. Regarding to the meanweights of the extracts and active substance sennoside B, The best method was selected. In the next phase, the amount of active substance of sennoside B was optimized using the statistical method of response surface.
Considering the mean weights of the extract and amount of sennoside B, dynamic maceration (stirrer) method is the most suitable method to obtain senna extract in the industrial and medicinal extraction. The results of the optimization of the best extraction method (maceration) showed that when influential variables temperature, time, the ratio of substance to solvent and filter mesh were 84°C, 119.7 minutes, 0.04 and 29.7 microns, respectively, the maximum amount of the active substance (3.009%) has been reached.
Finally, it can be concluded that active maceration extraction method (stirrer) is suggested as one of the best method to obtain senna extract in industry and the output efficiency of the active substance of sennoside B is affected by introduced optimized conditions mentioned.

In this research the (Fe,Ti)3Al-Al2O3 nanocomposite was synthesized via the reduction of Fe2O3 by Al during mechanical alloying (MA). For this purpose the Al, Ti and Fe2O3 powders were mixed with molar ratio of 3:1:1in a planetary ball mill. The structural and morphology of powder particles during different milling times were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In order to study the thermal behavior of powder particles, Heat treatment and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were done. It was found that, the reaction of nanocomposite formation is occurred in two stages during MA. The first and second reactions were reduction of Fe2O3 by Al and (Fe,Ti)3Al formation, respectively. The crystallite size and internal strain of powder particles for Al2O3 phase after 100 h of MA, were 20 nm and 3%, respectively. Also ball milling for long time led to the reduction of Fe2O3 by Al before Al melting during DTA.

In the present study, FeAl/Al2O3 nanocomposite coating was produced on the carbon steel plate using mechanical alloying (MA) technique via a mechanochemical reaction. Stoichiometric ratios of Fe, Al and Fe2O3 as well as a substrate were mixed and milled up to 22h in a vibrating high energy mill with a 4 mm ball. Samples prepared after 18h of MA were subjected to annealing at 773 K for 1-3 h. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and microhardness measurements were carried out to study mechanochemical reaction and coating formation characterization. The results showed that mechanochemical reactions were started after 10h of MA, which finally caused the slight formation of FeAl/Al2O3 nanocomposite. Increasing the milling time to 18 hours led to the continuous increase of the coating thickness up to 80 μm, while the coating layer fractured and began to peel by further milling. The microhardness of the coating after 18h milling was 1050 vickers. Annealing of the 18h milled powders at 773K for 3h led to the complete formation and synthesis of the FeAl/Al2O3 nanocomposite. The results showed that the annealing treatment had considerable effects on the hardness increase up to 1200 vickers as well as adhesion strength of the composite coating.

In developed countries, research spins-off companies are considered in the mission of the new generation of universities and also as a major commercial and economic value, and a factor for the use of academic's research. But these companies were not able to do their best in the Iranian universitie's principal missions. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of the creation of research spins-off companies in order to commercialize research in universities. The research method was a mixed type and the statistical population consisted of specialists from the universities incubators and science and technology park of Mazandaran province. Sampling in the qualitative section was purposive and in the quantitative part was random stratified. There were 12 people participated in the interview process. In the quantitative section, using a population of 420 people, a sample of 201 individuals participated in the study. The data gathering tools were interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. For data analysis, the coding method was used in the qualitative section and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and in the quantitative part. The research results in qualitative section indicated that influential factors in creating research spins-off companies are 26 components. In quantitative section, findings showed that the highest dimension explained marketing with .718 factor loading and dimension of the communications was the lowest with factor loading of .52 of the total variance. The other dimensions were also important at the next levels, respectively. The final model was confirmed with fit indices and standard coefficients. Among the top 10 dimensions of the research spins-off companies, the marketing dimension with standard coefficient of .48, the life cycle dimension with standard coefficient of .47 and the performance evaluation with standard coefficient of .47 were the most effective in creating research spins-off companies for research commercialization.

A lot of arid and semi-arid deserts comprise sandy hills. The major problems in these coarse-textured soils including low organic compounds, high percentage of sand and unstable aggregates, have led to restricted use of these soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by secreting a glycoprotein called glomalin, has a significant role at improving soil structure and aggregate resistance. These fungi enhance tolerance of plants to environmental stresses by increasing plant resistance in desert lands which leads to a better establishment in this area. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis to improve the physical and mechanical properties and glomalin content of sandy loam soil under cultivation of blue panic grass and drought stress.
In order to examine the effect of different levels of moisture [irrigation at 80% (Control, S1), 50%(S2) and 20% of field capacity (S3) ] and inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [Control(NM), Glomus mosseae (GM), Glomus intraradices (GI) and simultaneous inoculation of both fungi (MI)]. An experiment as factorial in completely randomized design was conducted. The rhizomes has been cultivated in pot contains 8Kg of soil after adding inoculant at depth of 5cm of soil and kept 3 months at relatively controlled condition. At the end of the experiment root colonization percentage and qualitiy and quantity of glomalin bulk density, shear resistance, pentration resistance and aggregate stability by dry sieving method were measured.
Mycorrhizal symbiosis and drought stress significantly increased glomalin content of the soil. Protein bands on polyacrylamide gel demonstrated more expression of the glycoprotein under stress as a defense mechanism to drought. Root colonization was significantly reduced under drought stress and remarkably increased by mycorrhizal symbiosis. The effect of simultaneous treatments proved to be efficient on shear stress of soil. The aggregate stability increased by increasing moisture content of soil and application arboscular mycorrhiza fungi, but interaction of fungi and moisture level was not significant on bulk density and penetration resistance of soil. Soil bulk density reduced in the mycorrhizal treatments by increasing soil moisture content.
Mycorrhizal symbiosis reduced the negative effects of drought stress in the soil. The obtained results showed more efficiency of Glomus intraradices to decrease negative effect of drought on soil proportion than Glomus mosseae. Arboscular Mycorrhizal fungi can help to reduce soil erosion by improving plant growth, soil physical and mechanical characteristics by glomalin secretion increament.

Mechanical alloying and vacuum sintering have been used to produce bulk nanostructured Ti5Si3 and Ti5Si3-15Wt.% Al2O3 nanocomposite. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to study the microstructural characteristics of the samples. Indentation method was used to calculate hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of bulk samples. The results showed that the nanometric grains were obtained through mechanical alloying and remained in nanometric scale after subsequent sintering. It was also observed that the in-situ produced Al2O3 through mechanochemical reaction has amorphous structure which crystallized during sintering process. Nanohardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of Ti5Si3-15Wt.% Al2O3 nanocomposite were calculated as 1660 HV, 238 GPa and 5.5 MPa.m1/2 that is higher than monolithic Ti5Si3 and other Ti5Si3-based nanocomposites. Toughening mechanisms based on crack deflection and crack bridging were suggested as responsible factors for fracture toughness increase Ti5Si3/Al2O3 nanocomposite.

in this study, in situ surface composite based on Mg-Cu system produced on AZ91C alloy by friction stir processing. Microstructural studing in the 6 passes friction stirred zone, revealed the presence of Mg2Cu intermetallic phase in AZ91/Cu nanocomposite. after T6 heat treatment, microhardness value within the stirred zone increased due to increasing volume fraction of hard intermetallics and formation of MgCu2 phase in the composite. Wear surface and debris observation indicated that abrasion and delamination wear mechanisms occurred in AZ91C alloy. The results of EDS and microhardness test on AZ91/Cu sample revealed that hardness and durability of oxide film on wear surface was more than that of the base alloy, which led to decrease wear mass loss of the composite in comparison with base metal. the results of wear test revealed that T6 heat treatment weakened wear properties, compared with not heat treated composite. composite samples Wear rate increased because of microcrack formation during heat treatment which caused delamination occurrence in this wear sample.

In this paper, the effects of wall structures on the parameters of realistic indoor wireless channel using two dimensional finite difference time domains (FDTD) method are investigated. Two types of wall are considered for the environment. In the first case, the walls are a type of concrete block with air gaps as inhomogeneous walls and, in the second case, the walls are a type of homogeneous oneswith effective constitutive parameters. For two cases, field coverage maps, average path loss, power delay profile and RMS delay spread are extracted and compared. Power delay profiles show that inhomogeneous walls create stronger multipath effects than homogeneous walls and that these effects are severe in none line of sight conditions. On average, the RMS delay spread for environment with inhomogeneous walls, in LOS conditions 5 ns and in NLOS conditions 8 ns is more than the environment with homogeneous walls.

Medicinal plants have been a focus of attention to researchers due to their fewer side effects in treating diseases comared to chemical drugs. Some health properties of medicinal plants such as anti-hypercholesterolemia and antioxidant effects of Potentilla reptans have been proven. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive and analgesic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Potentilla reptans L. (HEP) in the male rat.
In this experimental study, 36 male rats were divided into 6 groups, including: control group (normal saline), morphine group (1mg/kg), HEP groups (treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), and naloxone group (200 mg/kg). Writhing, formalin and tail-flick tests were used to evaluate the analgesic effects of the extract. In order to analyze the study data, variance and Tukey test were applied.
The results of the present study demonstrated that in writhing test (P The findings of the current study revealed that Potentilla reptans L. (HEP) has a significant analgesic effect. Opioid pathway seems to be one of the possible mechanisms of extract effects, which further clinical trials are recommended in this case.

In this study, TIG welding was used to clad and repair the surface of cast AZ91C magnesium alloy. Then, friction stir processing and T6 heat treatment wrer applied on the welded region. Microhardness results showed an improvement in the mean hardness of welded zone and also FSPed zone. Increase in the mean microhardness of the welded zone after T6 heat treatment to the maximum value was also concluded. The results of wear test showed that the wear resistance of the welded area was improved. Further improvement in wear properties was obtained after friction stir processing and T6 heat treatment.

Even without treatment, most acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infected patients resolve HEV but sometimes the disease leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of HEV pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. However, the immune responses to HEV are not precisely identified.
This study aimed to evaluate the Th1/Th2 ratio by investigating serum soluble markers from Th1 and Th2 cells in acute HEV infected patients.
Patients and This case-control study included 35 acute HEV infected patients and 35 age and gender matched anti-HEV negative healthy controls. The serum levels of Interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4, soluble CD26 (sCD26) and sCD30 were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
The results showed a significant difference in IFN-γ and sCD26 (P Acute HEV infection shows a pattern of Th1-type immune response, and the direct significant positive correlation between the serum level of sCD26 and IFN-γ in acute HEV infected patients, suggests that the trend of sCD26 levels is a valuable marker for predicting hepatic inflammation in hepatitis E.

It appears that in the present era, people are looking for something beyond the financial issues in organizations; experiences that make them more meaningful and targeted. Accordingly, the present study aimed at analyzing professional spirituality in universities based on university spirituality components. The study adopted a descriptive approach to conduct the study. The statistical population comprised all staffs at Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran in 2014 of whom 278 subjects were selected using cluster random sampling. The data collection tool was the tendency to spirituality questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis and one sample t-test were used to analyze the results. The results of the study indicated that there were eight main components of spirituality at universities including believing in the supernaturalism, engaging in work with precision and confidence, understanding and aligning with the values associated with the trans-sensory perception, working for the sake of God and trusting others, having purposes in work to help the community, living objectively, believing in the afterlife and loving others. Moreover, the data analysis showed that the spirituality in workplace in universities is above average. Spirituality is an undeniable fact that not only plays an important role in individuals’ organizational life but it also determines the success and growth of an organization which should be specially considered and strengthened.

In the present study, the effect of grain size on the austenite stability was studied by nanoindentation tests in a 304L stainless steel. Thermomechanical processing based on cold rolling and annealing was used to produce two different types of austenite: ultrafine grained (UFG) austenite with the average grain size of 0.65 μm and coarse grained (CG) austenite with the average grain size of 12 μm. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) were used to follow the microstructural changes during rolling and annealing. The results of nanoindentation tests showed popin in the load-displacement curve of the CG sample while no observable pop-in was found in the UFG sample. after the occurrence of each pop-in event in the CG sample. This behavior was related to the change of plastic deformation mode due to the martensitic transformation. The present results, therefore, confirmed that the UFG austenite had higher stability to withstand martensitic transformation.

In most of the contemporary organizations, employees avoid declaring their comments and concerns about the problems of organization. This plural-organizational phenomenon is named “organizational silence” which may influence on employees’ desired performance. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the relationship between organizational silence and employees’ performance in order to provide strategies to develop and improve staffs performance. This research was descriptive-correlation. Statistical population was the medial level staffs of the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences which were 340 persons and among them, based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 181 people were randomly selected as the samples. The data of the research were gathered by two organizational silence questionnaires and the employees’ performance. Data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics (i.e. mean and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (i.e. one sample t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression). Findings show that there was a negative significant relationship between organizational silence and employees’ performance; also there was negative significant relationship between employees’ performance and role clarity, organizational support, motivation of staff, partnership in the decisions, evaluation, and organizational environment. But there was no significant relationship between organizational silence and the staff ability. Findings from multiple variable regressions show that organizational environment; partnership in the decisions, and role clarity was predictors of organizational silence. Findings revealed that there was negative significant relationship between organizational silence and employee performance which means that with an increase in silence, performance decreases and vice versa. Therefore, managers should be aware of this issue so their behavior and management approach do not create a silence climate and subsequent decrease in employee performance.

The use of agriculture residues as filler in composites is increasing due to their strength, abundance and low cost. Soya stalks show promising renewable natural fiber. In polyethylene composites the physical and mechanical properties (flexural resistance, tensile, impacted absorbed energy, water uptake and thickness swelling) was examined at different composites. The results showed that, the mechanical properties increased with soya stalk content However, the physical properties have tended to decrease.

Today social media are considered one of the important and effective pillars in social developments. Social media, which are among modern media, have shown their high capacity at sensitive political-social junctures in comparison with the restrictions of diffusion coefficient of the traditional media. Numerous research studies have been carried out in this respect. The studies have shown that social media are the cradle of many developments in the civil society and have created a close relationship between the public sphere and the government body. The importance of the role played by the mass media executives in new social media was a subject of a Reuters report entitled “Journalism in the Age of Social Media” released in 2010. The report referred to the growth of a phenomenon called “citizen journalism” and its effects on traditional media and laid emphasis on the necessity of survival and dynamism of reporters in social media (Journalism in the Age of Social Media, 2010). By reviewing convergence of the national medium (IRIB) and the BBC Persian TV channel with social media networking, Facebook, this paper intends to determine the extent of deployment by the IRIB and BBC Persian TV executives of the capacities of this social network in agenda setting and leading the public opinion. Therefore, the extent of activities of popular presenters of IRIB and BBC Persian channel were investigated during May 7-17, 2013, simultaneous with the registration of candidates in Iran’s presidential elections. The extent of effectiveness of presenters’ activities has been analyzed based on indexes such as the amount of texts published in connection with the presidential elections and candidates and the feedback of the audience. The findings of the research indicate that presenters of BBC Persian Channel have used the opportunities provided by social media to enlighten the public opinion with an eye-catching difference compared to IRIB presenters.

Professional ethic has a significant effect on individual and group performance and organizational results. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment and professional ethics. It was a descriptive-correlational study. The sample consisted of 226 persons including nurses and administrative personnel (ward clerks, medical records employees…) of Imam Reza hospital in Amol city. They were randomly selected according to Krejcie and Morgan table and responded to Ali professional ethic questionnaire and Allen and Myer organizational commitment questionnaire. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and simple linear regression analysis tests using SPSS-PC (v. 16). The results showed that professional ethic has a positive significant relationship with organizational commitment and it’s three dimensions (Affective, Continuance, Normative). Professional ethic also could predict organizational commitment (P<0/001), in such a way that an increase of one grade in professional ethics, will increase 0/284 grade in commitment mean. According to the findings, it is recommended that the managers of care organizations emphasis on general and specific aspects of professional ethic according to different jobs and as a role model act as a pioneer in consideration of ethic in their performance.

The present research was intended to study the effectiveness of religious-based cognitive-behavioral treatment on the couples’ resiliency and dysfunctional attitude. In an experimental design with pre and post-test and control group. 30 married women who had a low dysfunctional attitude and high resiliency were selected, through available sampling they matched on the basis of age, social-economic status, not having physical diseases, having a standard deviation upper than the average in the DAS Dysfunctional Attitude Questionnaire, having a standard deviation lower than the average in the Kaner and Davidson’s resiliency Questionnaire. Other intended variables of the study were homogeneous. Then the participants were randomly divided into experience and control groups. For the experience group, there were ten 45 minute sessions of religious-based cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, while there was no intervention in the control group. Findings showed that there were significant differences between the experience and control groups after performing the religious-based cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.The range of experience group’s Dysfunctional attitude significantly decreased in comparison to control group but the level of resiliency increased.