eshagh rahimian-boogar

Bipolar Affective Disorder is cyclic swinging of mood between mania or hypomania and depression. The present study aimed to examine cognitive regulation in patients with bipolar disorder using the cyberspace-based family-centered intervention.

This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included patients with bipolar disorder and a family member. 30 patients with a family member were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was the research tool. After administration of the questionnaires, the Miklowitz family-focused therapy was performed for the experimental group using cyberspace. At the end of the course, participants in both groups were evaluated using the research tools. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 software and mixed analysis of variance with the repeated measures.

The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the Miklowitz model led to a significant difference in the score of emotion regulation with an effect size of 45% in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). In other words, the cognitive emotion regulation and its subscales have been evident in the experimental group.

As a result, it can be said that the use of the Miklowitz model through cyberspace affects cognitive emotion regulation and subscales of self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing, and other-blame.Declaration of Interest: None

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of hope and life satisfaction with students bullying and bullying victimization with the mediating role of school connectedness.                                     This was a cross-sectional study, the statistical population being high school students of Tehran city in the school year 2015-16. A sample of 300 students was selected using the stratified random sampling method. The data collection tools were the Snyder’s hope scale, Diener et al. life satisfaction scale, Waters and Cross School Connectedness scale and the Espelage and Holt Bullying scale. The hypothetical model was analyzed using path analysis with the LISREL8.57 software.   Analysis of the data showed the following: 1. Hope and life satisfaction had a structural positive direct effect on school connectedness; 2. Life satisfaction had a direct negative effect on bullying; 3. Bullying had a direct effect on bullying victimization; 4. School connectedness had no direct effect on students bullying and bullying victimization. 5. Life satisfaction had an indirect effect on bullying victimization through bullying; 6. Finally, the indirect effects of hope and life satisfaction on bullying and bullying victimization through school connectedness were not confirmed. In can be concluded that life satisfaction is a facilitating factor for the school connectedness, serving as a protective factor against bullying. Hope and school connectedness may act as protecting factors in the prevention of bullying.

Attention Deficit/ Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), as a neurodevelopmental disorder, accompanied not only with some special behavioral symptoms, but also deficits in cognitive functioning. Current research aimed to compare the effectiveness in improving executive functions (EF) in children with ADHD of cognitive-­motor rehabilitation (CMR) and drug therapy approaches. This was a semi-experimental study with post-test and follow-up assessments, comparing three groups in a single-blind design. 48 ADHD children were selected using criterion sampling, matched for ADHD severity, and randomly assigned to either cognitive-­motor rehabilitation (n= 16), drug therapy (n= 16) and active control (n=16) groups. All the participants were tested by Stroop color-word, Tower of London (TOL), Wechsler Coding tests, and a 3 sub-scale short-form of the WISC-R tests, and their parents rated them on child syndrome inventory-4 (CSI-4). The data were analyzed using MANOVA and paired t-tests with Bonferroni corrections as post hoc tests. CMR showed effective and enduring effects on the participant's performance on EF components including response inhibition, planning, and speed processing and only the improvements in speed processing returned significantly to lower levels at follow-up. In addition, despite the better performance of CMR group compared to drug therapy group, the changes were not statistically significant. Altogether, the results indicate that CMR is an effective approach in the treatment of ADHD, and it can be used as a complementary technique to drug therapy.

The aim of the present study was to test the structural model of emotional job demands, teaching satisfaction and the performance of teachers with the mediatory role of emotional labor and the moderator role of emotional intelligence.
The participants were 432 (227 first set and 205 second set) teachers of Qazvin which were chosen through stratified random sampling. All of them completed the emotional labor and teaching satisfaction questionnaire of Yin and the performance questionnaire of Paterson. Data were tested through the modeling of structural equations. Findings showed that the measurement model for the emotional labor is valid with three markers of surface action, deep action and natural expression of emotion.
Teachers’ understanding of emotional job demands had a direct structural effect on the application of emotional labor strategies by the teachers (GA= -0.28, t = -3.02, P Emotional intelligence significantly moderated the structural relationship between teachers’ understanding of emotional job demands, the use of emotional labor strategies, teaching satisfaction and performance. This is while, in this model the measurement of emotional labor did not play a moderator role. Emotional job demands and emotional labor strategies were effective antecedents for performance and teaching satisfaction of teachers, especially teachers with high emotional intelligence. Job satisfaction and performance of the teachers should be studied considering the individual factors such as the emotional job demands, emotional labor strategies and the role that emotional intelligence plays.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the influence of video modeling on communication skills and challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders. In this Quasi-experimental study, twenty students with autism spectrum disorders were selected for sampling. Data were collected by Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised ADI-R, and analyzed by covariance analysis. The results showed that the experimental group in the point of communication skills (F(1,18)= 31.74, p< 0.01) and challenging behaviors (F(1,18)= 9.91, p< 0.01) have significantly different with control group. This results show that Video modeling improve communication skills and reduce challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders. We can conclude that use of video modeling effectively improve communication skills and challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Children with cancer should deal with difficult situations such as undergoing multimodal treatment. Emotion Regulation Mechanisms (ERM) could be more effective for childhood cancer adaptation. The main purpose of this study was examination a number of the biological, psychological and social emotion regulators on adjustment to pediatric oncology. In this study, 98 children (39 girls and 59 boys) have participated that diagnosed as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) cases along with their mothers. The participants were between 8 to 12 years old. Salivary cortisol, cognitive emotion regulation, children''s level of inhibition, maternal positivity and Beck Depression Inventory have been applied for evaluation of Emotion Regulation (ER) while Cancer-Specific Stress and Coping, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, anxiety-depression scales and vitality test have all used for assessing the Emotional Adjustment (EA). Using the canonical correlation has been showing significant relation between predictors of ER and EA. Cortisol level and mother''s depression have played the most important role in above correlation. Variation of cortisol level has identified by its various effects on the mother''s behavioral system depression, cognitive strategies and emotional inhibition; would determine the rate of coping with cancer, resiliency and vitality.

Depression is one of the most common psychological states in type 2 diabetes that contributes to adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for the incidence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 254 type 2 diabetic patients were selected through convenience sampling among diabetes outpatient clinics of Tehran university of medical sciences and also Iranian diabetes society during 2010-11. Data were collected using demographic and disease characteristic questionnaire, patient health questionnaire, social support scale and diabetes self-management scale (DSMS) and then analyzed using Chi square, t-test and binary logistic regression. Increased pain and functional disability (OR=11.725), decreased social support (OR=3.086), decreased performance for diabetes self-care (OR=4.088), longer duration of diabetes (OR=1.328), diabetes complications (OR=2.324), the need for insulin therapy (OR=2.431), HbA1c>9% (OR=21.575), BMI>25kg/m2 (OR=2.251) and major life events (OR=14.043) were significantly different between the diabetic patients with and without depression (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in age, sex and socio-economic status between the two groups. The regression model correctly was fitted in 95.3% of the cases. Pain and functional disability, poor social support, weaker diabetes self-care, longer duration of diabetes, diabetes complications, the need for insulin therapy, HbA1c>9%, BMI>25kg/m2 and the experience of major life events all together contribute to the incidence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients. The results of the study have implications for the prevention of depression in diabetic patients.

The aim of this research was to study the predictive role of self-efficacy, belief of treatment effectiveness, social support and doctor-patient relationship on diabetes Mellitus self-management. 500 type II diabetes outpatients (245 men and 255 women) presenting to Shariati Hospital in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling. The subjects completed the scales related to diabetic self-care, self-efficacy, belief of treatment effectiveness, social support and doctor-patient relationship. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. There was a significant and positive relationship between self-efficacy, belief of treatment effectiveness, doctor-patient relationship, social support and diabetes self-management (p<0.001). Self-efficacy, belief of treatment effectiveness and social support were capable of predicting diabetes self-management variance significantly (F=1.326, df=3 and 310, p<0.001) and explain 89% of diabetes self-management. Belief of treatment effectiveness, social support and especially, self-efficacy, are important self-management activities in diabetes Mellitus. Therefore, provision of improvement and enrichment programs for self-efficacy, are helpful for the improvement of self-care behaviors and the reduction of diabetes Mellitus associated harm.

Cardiovascular complications are prevalent and serious clinical outcomes of type II diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological, social and disease-related risk factors for incidence of cardiovascular complications in patients with type II diabetes. In a correlational descriptive study, 264 patients with type II diabetes were selected by convenient sampling in Tehran, Shariati Hospital outpatient clinics from May to Aug 2010. Data were collected by demographical questionnaire along with disease characteristics and scales of quality of life, resiliency and diabetes self-management. Then, data analyzed by binary logistic regression with PASW software. Glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, quality of life, resiliency and diabetes self-management are significantly able to differentiate diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications from diabetic patients without cardiovascular complications (P<0.001). Sex, age, diabetes duration and treatment type are not significantly able to differentiate two groups (P>0.05). The total regression model explained that 97% of this sample was classified correctly. Glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, quality of life, resiliency and diabetes self-management contribute in incidence of cardiovascular complications in patients with type II diabetes and all together may explain greater variation in prevalence of cardiovascular complications in these patients. These results could be applied in planning preventive intervention for diabetes and its complications. It is necessary to consider these factors in health promotion programs for diabetic patients.

This study was aimed to determine the relationship between attachment Style and mental health in adult survivors in the earthquake stricken regions of the city of Bam. It also aimed to determine the contribution of predictor variables in predicting the criterion variable. This research was a descriptive ex post facto study and a one-shot cross sectional research. 314 adults (138 male and 176 female) survivors of the Bam earthquake were selected through voluntary convenient sampling and participated in this research. All subjects completed the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the Demographic Inventory. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used for statistical analysis. Results demonstrated that there is a positive significant correlation between secure attachment style and mental health and a negative significant correlation among avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles with mental health. In addition results suggest that secure attachment style, avoidant attachment style and ambivalent attachment style are able to significantly predict mental health. In this research, secure attachment style was the best predictor of mental health. The findings confirm the role of attachment style in preserving and promoting mental health in earthquake survivors. Moreover, results imply that these three attachment styles are able to explain a considerable part of mental health variation in adverse conditions.

This study was carried out to assess the relationship of psychological hardiness and ego-resiliency with the mental health of youth and adult survivors of earthquake-stricken areas of Bam, and also to determine the contribution of each of the predicting variables. This research is a descriptive retrospective study. 314 youth and adult (138 males, 176 females) survivors of Bam earthquake, who were selected through convenience sampling participated in this research. All subjects completed Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI), Connor-Davidson Resilience (CD-RIS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and Demographic Inventory. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used for statistical analysis. A positive significant correlation was seen between hardiness and ego-resiliency and mental health (p<0.01). In addition, the results showed that hardiness and ego-resiliency are able to predict mental health significantly (p<0.001). In this research, resiliency was the best predictor of mental health. The findings indicate that hardiness and ego-resiliency are important and fundamental in the preservation and promotion of mental health in earthquake-stricken subjects. The two mentioned variables are able to explain the high rate of mental health variation in adverse conditions and considering them in disaster mental health is essential.�

As attachment styles are crucial to the communicative features specially intimacy, satisfaction, and commitment, the relation-ship between adult attachment styles with job satisfaction and job stress was investigated in nurses in the Isfahan state hospitals. In this cross-sectional study, 160 nurses (95 women and 65 men) working in the state hospitals in Isfahan were selected by a stepwise randomized sampling as subjects of the study. Mean age was 33 years (SD=2.7 for men and 1.9 for women) in men and women. Data were collected using Adult Attachment Inventory, Job Satisfaction-Dissatisfaction Scale, and Job Stress Scale and then analyzed by correlational and stepwise regression statistical analysis. Mean total scores for subjects with secure, avoidant, and ambivalent attachment styles were measured to be respectively 11.1 (SD=5), 9.00 (SD=4.2), and 8.1 (4.4). Correlation coefficient between job stress and scores for secure and avoidant attachment styles were- 0.71 (p<0.05) and 0.69 (p<0.05) respectively. Level of stress is less in subjects with secure attachment styles than in subjects with avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles. Attachment style can well predict job satisfaction and job stress.