esmat barouti

gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the common metabolic diseases among pregnants that needs delicate monitoring and control to improve the metabolic condition and reduce pregnancy complications. Despite scarce data on the effect of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control and serum lipids concentrations in women with GDM, probioticsupplements and their effect on pregnancy outcome has become the center of focus in research. We aim to determine the impact of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles, pregnancy, and infancy outcomes in GDM patients. 

in this clinical trial study, 120 GDM patients underwent a specific diet. Patients are divided into two separate groups to receive either probiotic supplements (N=60) or a matching placebo (n=60). Through the study group, nutrition counseling performed and the patients received treatment for 6 weeks. Demographic characteristics (age of participants, gestational age, gravidity, and BMI) evaluated and serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol examined before and after the intervention, respectively. Besides, Weight of newborn infants, Apgar scores, the requirement of using insulin among pregnants, and pregnancy outcomes examined carefully. SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software was used for statistical analysis. 

there were no significant differences in demographic characteristics criteria between the two groups. All the participants were in the early second trimester period. After 6 weeks of intervention, probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in FBS (p=0.01) and the requirement for insulin administration was significantly lower in comparison with the control group (P=0.026). In addition, we observed elevated lipid profiles in both groups. A significant rise in serum HDL (P=0.01) was seen following supplementation with the probiotics and a significantly elevated serum level of LDL was seen in the control group (P=0.01). In the group with the probiotic supplementation diet, the weight of newborn infants (P=0.001) and pregnancy complications (P=0.028) were also significantly lower in comparison with the control group.

the result of our study demonstrated that using probiotic supplements in women with GDM had beneficial effects on glycemic control, reduce the requirement of insulin treatment, serum LDL cholesterol concentration, serum HDL cholesterol concentration, and less adverse pregnancy and infancy outcomes

Context: Pelvic masses are a prevalent cause for referral to gynecologic oncology departments to evaluate the possibility of benign or malignant conditions. Pelvic mass often was found in pelvic examinations among females with ovarian. Tumor markers are advantageous biomarker in tumor diagnosis. Evidence Acquisition: We performed a computerized search in Medline/PubMed databases and Google Scholar with key words: “Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA), Risk of malignancy index (RMI), and Pelvic mass”. The usage of tumor marker CA125 alone is associated with serious limitations like low sensitivity for early or stage I disease and lack of specificity especially in pre-menopausal women. Serum HE4 is a good biomarker for discriminating ovarian cancer from benign pelvic disease, but could be affected by several factors including pregnancy, age, and smoking. ROMA has a high sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value to predict the presence of ovarian cancer in women with a pelvic mass. RMI could differentiate between benign and malignant pelvic masses, but RMI expression was higher in women with 55 years or more. According to the results of this study, combination of these biomarkers or at least 2 or 3 biomarkers are suggested for early stage diagnosis of pelvic mass with high sensitivity and specificity.

Non-specific cervicitis or inflammatory changes in a smear report are common which are usually unclear for clinical approaches. To investigate the frequency of inflammation and pathogenic vaginal microorganisms in cervical smears among an Iranian population sample. This cross-sectional study was carried out on Pap smear samples of women referred to gynecological clinic of Taleghani Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between October 2008 and March 2009. This study was conducted on 528 conventional Papanicolaou cervical smears. The frequency and severity of inflammation and prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and vaginal candidiasis (VC) was determined in the samples. Also co-infection of the microorganisms in Pap samples was evaluated. percentage, mean±standard deviation of the outcome parameters were calculated. The comparison between data was performed with the Pearson’s chi square or Fisher’s exact test. The prevalence of BV, VC, and TV in Pap samples was 17%, 11%, and 0.4% respectively. Overall, the prevalence of these microorganisms in women of reproductive age was higher than menopausal women. There was a significant association between VC and the presence of inflammation in our samples. Based on our results, inflammation in the Pap smears can suggest an infection of VC and the patients should be considered for proper VC treatment.

Today with an increasing frequency of HIV infection around the world، its epidemiological studies is becoming more important. This study aimed to evaluate the cervical smear in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and also its association with CD4 counts among an Iranian population. In a case-control study، 247 women، 58 HIV infected cases and 189 healthy controls، were included. Liquid-based cytology cervical smears and hematologic findings were compared between cases and controls. The frequency of abnormal smear was significantly higher in cases 20. 7% compared with controls 3. 2% (p<0. 001). The mean CD4 count was significantly lower in cases with abnormal smear compared with cases with normal smear (573. 0 ± 306. 9 vs. 383. 7± 123. 6; p=0. 042). ‍ Undertaking a serious effort toward provision of gynecological care and cervical cancer screening at the same health center as HIV care، in Iranian HIV infected women is suggested.