فهرست مطالب f .rahimi

Globally, chainsaws are extensively used for motor-manual tree felling and processing, making them a significant part of wood harvesting. However, this can pose a threat to the sustainability of forest operations from an ergonomic perspective. Chainsaw usage in logging operations is recognized as strenuous work, exposing workers to safety risks and harmful factors. The MASHOUF PSI 9700, a new chainsaw model, has gained popularity in the wood harvesting sector. However, the extent of ergonomic effects during its operation remains unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the noise exposure levels during tree felling using this specific chainsaw model in a poplar plantation in the western part of Guilan province, Iran.

This study was conducted in Tanyan forest district number 2, located around Soumesara, Guilan province. The felling operation was performed using the MASHOUF PSI 9700 chainsaw in a poplar plantation. The forest worker involved had over 20 years of experience in poplar plantations. Field data collection spanned one working day, during which a total of 133 trees were felled. Sound level measurements during the tree felling operations were taken at 5-second intervals using a TESTO 815 sound meter, in accordance with the ISO 1996-1 standard. The sound was measured along the arm and at the height of the worker’s ear using the A-weighting filter with Fast time setting enabled, within the range of 80-130 dB. The sound levels recorded at each stage were averaged to obtain the average pressure level.

The majority of the time consumption was attributed to tree felling, accounting for 46.02% of the total production time. The highest average sound levels were observed during the undercut (102.01 dB(A)) and backcut (100.46 dB(A)) work elements. The sound levels during the work elements of walk to tree, quire for felling, chainsaw refueling, technical delays, operational delays, and personal delays were 69.43, 72.62, 69.32, 87.10, 78.19, and 67.20 dB(A), respectively. Additionally, an increase in the diameter of the trees also led to an increase in the felling duration and the forest worker’s exposure to noise. Upon comparing the normal data related to the leveled sound curve and the permitted exposure times to these sound intensities, it was observed that the equivalent sound levels and the duration of exposure, in most cases, were below the allowed limits. This was evident for undercut, backcut, and the overall felling duration.

The results of this study indicate that the MASHOUF PSI 9700 chainsaw exposes cutting workers to high noise levels. To mitigate the adverse effects of exposure to chainsaw noise, it is necessary to equip workers with personal safety equipment such as ear protection, consider taking breaks between tasks, and ensure timely maintenance of chainsaws. Furthermore, organizing on-the-job training courses focused on ergonomic topics and subjecting chainsaw operators to regular health checks may be crucial for early identification and prevention of hearing loss.

Thyroid and gonadotropin hormones play an essential role in the regulation of regulating various physiological functions. The effects of melatonin and zinc (Zn) on these hormones have already been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of melatonin with and without zinc on the levels of gonadotropin hormones and thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) in female rats. In general, 35 sexually mature female rats were randomly divided into five treatment groups, with each group comprising 7 rats, in a completely randomized design (CRD) during the research. The rats were treated daily with Zn and melatonin via gavage as follows: T1 (control 1, basal diet), T2 (control 2, treatment with normal saline) and the other experimental groups, including T3, T4 and T5, were treated with Zn (40 ppm), melatonin (5 mg/kg) or a combination of Zn and melatonin at the same dose. The administration of the drugs was continued for 20 days (daily) . Plasma samples were then taken for the determination of LH, FFH, LH/FSH, estrogen, progesterone, T3, T4 and TSH levels. The results showed no significant differences in FSH and LH levels between treatments. Estrogen, progesterone and TSH levels were higher in the rats receiving 5 mg melatonin per day than in the other groups, but not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, T3 levels decreased significantly in the group receiving 40 mg/kg Zn compared to the other experiments. (P<0.05). The results showed no significant difference between the treatments in terms of T4 levels (P>0.05). In conclusion, no remarkable changes in other variables were observed in female rats receiving melatonin, Zn or a combination of melatonin and Zn, with the exception of T3.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of varying quantities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on growth performance and mucosal enzyme activity in Japanese quails at an early age. Using a completely randomized experimental design, 160 one-day-old quail chicks were randomly assigned to 4 experimental treatments and each treatment contained 4 replicate pens of 10 birds. The experimental treatments included T1: control (a basal diet containing 35.2 mg Zn only ), T2, T3, and T4  containing basal diet plus 20, 40, and 60 mg ZnO NPs, respectively. Performance characteristics were recorded weekly. After 21 days, one quail was selected and slaughtered from each experimental cage with a body weight equal to the average body weight of quails in the same experimental cage. After slaughtering and opening the abdominal cavity, a 5 cm sample was taken from the jejunum of the small intestine. The jejunum sample was stored at -80°C until the measurement of alkaline phosphatase, amylase, and lipase enzymes. The results showed that live weight was higher in the T3 and T4 groups than in the control group (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was also lower in birds fed with basal diets supplemented with 40 and 60 mg ZnO NPs/kg  (T3 and T4, respectively), compared to control treatments (P>0.05). The results showed that amylase and lipase activity increased in the birds fed with 40 and 60 mg ZnO NPs/kg  of the basal diet, in comparison to the control treatment; however, they were not significant (P>0.05). The results of this study indicated that the addition of 40 or 60 mg ZnO NPs/kg to the basal diet could be used as a supplement to improve performance traits and enhance mucosal enzyme activity in Japanese quail in the starter stage.

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in intensive care units (ICU) and is becoming more prevalent globally. As a result, an accurate and timely diagnosis of sepsis is critical for selecting the best treatment to prevent disease progression and mortality. In this study, CRP and TNF-α as common biomarkers of sepsis were detected using a label-free optical biosensor based on interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy from a porous silicon substrate. The porous silicon layer was chemically modified with APTES and glutaraldehyde to immobilize the aptamer covalently in order to capture the analyte. The refractive index of the porous layer was determined by analyzing the reflection spectrum from the porous layer, which was associated with different biomarker concentrations. The results demonstrated linear responses in concentrations ranging from 10-10000 ng/ml for CRP and 100-10000 ng/ml for TNF-α and the biosensor's high discrimination. Thus, it has a high potential for advancement in clinical sepsis diagnosis.

Patellofemoral pain occurs in the anterior part of the knee (around and behind the patella) and in activities such as sitting and long walks, going up and down stairs, and squatting. Exercise therapy is one of the basic strategies in the treatment of this syndrome, and Pilates is one of the training methods in which the central muscles of the trunk are called in all its movements and then the target muscles are challenged. Functional movement Screen (FMS) is a tool to identify the quality of movement patterns and this test can be effective in predicting and recognizing the defects of basic patterns. Additionally, improving this index can indicate the effectiveness of an exercise program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of Pilates training on the overall and individual scores of the FMS index in girls with Patellofemoral pain syndrome.

In the present quasi-experimental study, 30 female students with Patellofemoral pain syndrome (mean age of 25.4 ± 4.9 years, height 161.8 ± 4.9 cm, weight 61.3 ± 5.2 kg) were randomly divided into two groups of control and pilates training. Subjects with a history of 6 months of pain in the anterior part of the knee and diagnosis and approval of a physician were included in the present study. All subjects were evaluated in the pre-test and post-test using FMS tools. The exercise program consisted of 8 weeks, three sessions per week, and each session lasted 45-60 minutes of selected pilates exercises. Data were analysed by SPSS software using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical methods and interpreted at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of the present study showed that pilates training caused better performance with a significant difference in the overall FMS index (p=0.001) than the control group. Examination of the results of individual FMS tests showed that Pilates training compared to the control group improved the indicators of the pattern of Hurdle step (p=0.002), Straight-leg raise (p=0.015), Trunk stability push up (p=0.001) and Rotational stability (p=0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in Deep squat (p=0.249), In-line lunge (p=0.555) and Shoulder mobility (p=0.751) tests between the two groups.

Based on the results, pilates training has significantly improved the functional movement Screen (FMS) index and some of its subtests in girls with Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Therefore, it is recommended that trainers and people with this syndrome use pilates exercises to improve their motor function.

Porous silicon (PSi) biosensor based on reflectometric interference Fourier transform spectroscopy ‎‎(RIFTS) has received a lot of attention due to its applicability as a label-free biosensor. In this ‎approach, light is illuminated on the surface of a PSi layer and the interference pattern of all reflected ‎beams from all interfaces is recorded. After exposing the PSi surface to bioanalyte, depending on ‎analyte's size, it absorbs on the surface of PSi layer or penetrates to the pores and absorbs on the wall of ‎the pores. This phenomenon causes variation in the refractive index of the interface of PSi/environment ‎or in the refractive index of the layer respectively. As a consequence, decrease in peak intensity or shift ‎in the peak position of fast Fourier transform of the interference pattern is observable, which can then ‎be used as a key parameter for biosensing applications. In this work, theoretical foundations of RIFTS ‎method were discussed. Then the experimental details of using this method for biosensing applications ‎on modified porous silicon were described. Finally, experimental data for diagnosis of Osteocalcin ‎protein, a piece of VKORC1 gen and Escherichia coli bacteria by RIFTS methods were illustrated.‎

Female orgasm depends on many factors and is the most enjoyable phase of the sexual response cycle. A valid, reliable, and special scale is required to assess this phase. This study aimed to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Female Orgasm Scale.

Initially, using the Forward-Backward method, the questionnaire was translated from English into Persian. After that, a cross-sectional study was carried out, and the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the questionnaire were tested. Of the 235 married and sexually active women of reproductive age, 200 individuals completed the questionnaire. Reliability was calculated by repeatability and internal consistency methods, and validity was calculated by face, content, and construct validity.

The mean age of the participants was 31.35±7.13 years. Reliability evaluation revealed high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.7, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.99. The standard error of the mean was 0.7. The mean content validity index and content validity ratio scores were 0.84 and 0.97, respectively. The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a three-factor solution for the questionnaire accounting for 74.44% of the variance.

The findings suggest that the Iranian version of the Female Orgasm Scale has good psychometric properties and can be used to assess female orgasm in sexual and reproductive healthcare settings.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of irrigation water turbidity and soil texture on the measurement accuracy of soil water content using time domain reflectometry (TDR) device. Treatments consisted of three soil textures (silty clay, sandy loam, and clay loam) and three levels of irrigation water turbidity (0, 1500, and 3000 NTU). Volumetric soil moisture content (θv) was measured using a TDR device and compared with the gravimetric method measurements. Results showed that TDR has the highest accuracy in the sandy loam soil under different levels of water turbidity and by increasing the clay content, the accuracy of the device is reduced as confirmed by root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.024, 0.027, and 0.038 in 0, 1500, and 3000 NTU turbidity, respectively, in this texture. Drawing of the coherence chart between the results obtained from TDR method and the gravimetric one showed that the highest and the least correlations between the two methods were observed in clay loam + well water treatment (R2 = 0.94) and silty clay + 1500 NTU (R2 = 0.84), respectively. Thus, increasing turbidity decreased the accuracy of the TDR device in all of the studied soil textures. Results also showed that the highest accuracy of TDR device was obtained in sandy loam + control treatment (0.0 NTU) conditions.

Felling operations in poplar plantations in Iran usually is performed with a chainsaw and by cutting workers. In connection with such dynamic work with repetitive work components, it is necessary to pay attention to the possible pressure on the musculoskeletal system of the workers, the evaluation of the work posture, and the calculation of risk index. To achieve the goals of the study, the Nordic questionnaire was used to study musculoskeletal problems in 9 felling workers in a poplar plantation in the Shanderman region of Guilan province. In the next stage images related to the evaluation of workers' postures during a 4-hour felling operation recorded by a video camera analyzed. The postural evaluation was performed by The Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS) method. In this study, 55 postures related to tree felling operations were obtained. The most discomfort of workers was related to the waist. The postural risk associated with felling operation was relatively high (I=251). Postural assessment of different felling work tasks indicated that the highest risk was incurred during back-cut (I=313), under-cut (I=303), delimbing (I=295), and bucking (I=281) respectively. 56.41 percent of categories need further assessment necessary soon and now. Back bent forward or backward, standing position and both knees bent, both hands below shoulder height and, force/load 10-20 kg (code:2142) were the most important ergonomic problem in logging operations. These findings indicate the need to provide training solutions among felling workers. In this regard, appropriate training techniques and methods of tree felling and work safety are recommended.

By incorporating structural engineering, animal husbandry, and veterinary, this interdisciplinary research accomplishes the following two main objectives 1) design and optimization to reduce the weight of the steel structure skeleton of the stable with ECBO & CBO algorithms; 2) improving the performance of the natural ventilation system in the stable with some changes in the structurechr('39')s geometric design. In this study, each algorithmchr('39')s performance will be investigated in the course of accomplishing the aforementioned objective. Furthermore, using stress ratios by algorithms in each member will be studied. Finally, using the algorithms, a stable steel structure with lower weight is designed. In this paper, through changing and improving the structurechr('39')s geometric design, a structure more compatible with the natural ventilation systemchr('39')s requirements is designed. These changes are as follows: 1) design of a taller stable structure; 2) larger design of the air inlets in the joint line between the upper part of the side walls and the lower part of the pitched roof.

We studied the effects of serum iron level, hepatic iron deposition and other metabolic disorders i.e., insulin resistance in hepatic fibrosis development.

Among 60 patients with chronic hepatitis C, we measured serum iron, ferritin and transferrin level. Meanwhile, hepatic biopsies were obtained from 43 patients for whom iron deposition, inflammatory necrosis/fibrosis score and steatosis were determined.

Hepatic iron deposition was significantly associated with waist circumference, ferritin level >200ng/ml, fasting C-peptide >1.9ng/ml, AST/ALT ratio >1, and fasting triglyceride >200mg/dl. On the other hand, it was not correlated with the following: grading, preportal-precital hepatitis (A), necrosis (b), focal lytic necrosis (C), focal apoptosis (C), and portal inflammation (D).

Our findings suggested an interaction between hepatic iron deposition and waist circumference, ferritin, fasting C-peptide, AST/ALT, and fasting triglyceride.

In every organization ,man power is the most important element. of excellence and progress and is the essential factor in the realization of its goals. Since job satisfaction plays a significant role in achieving organizational goals as well as individual and social health, thus the influencing factors must be examined by the public sector so they cold correct the weaknesses and reinforce the strengths through careful recognition of opportunities and threats . the present study was conducted toward the above-mentioned objective. 

The study is a descriptive - analytical research conducted on 324 randomly selected personnel of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was job description index. The data were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOV A) and k2 by means ofSPSS software.

The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between gender and job satisfaction regarding promotion system and salary (P < ',' 0). There was also a significant relationship between the personnel with different educational backgrounds in five job types. Personnel vlith degrees higher than bachelor were more satisfied with their jobs and salaries. Theses People, however, showed less satisfaction with their supervisors, colleagues, and promotion system. A significant relationship was also observed between service rank and job satisfaction. The Most amount of dissatisfaction concerning payment was related to clinical and "health" care Personnel. 

In order to increase job satisfaction, modifications must be done in areas like the present evaluative methods, payment systems, personnel's attitudes toward their jobs, and manager - personnel relationships. Taking personnel's needs into account, and planning precise long-term schedules can also be effective in this regard.