f. beigmohammadi

The industrial areas are located near residential centers in the city of Arak and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution is a serious threat to human health and living organisms in this area. Meanwhile, soil contamination by PTEs is one of the challenges in this region and various studies have been conducted in this area. Meta-analysis studies provide a comprehensive evaluation of the results of a subject. In the present study, soil contamination data for PTEs in the 11 years (2009 to 2020) were studied through the studies conducted in Arak. In this study, the risk, potential toxicity, and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PETs were assessed using indices and mathematical relationships. Based on the results of pollution indices, the soil of Arak city in terms of PETs including Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Pb, Cu, and Hg were categorized into the polluted and highly polluted classes. The soil of the region in terms of PETs has significant ecological risk and acute toxicity. Cadmium, arsenic, and mercury showed the ecological risk of 49.3%, 23.2%, and 18.3% respectively, and nickel, chromium, and arsenic were responsible for 34.7%, 23.03%, and 22.07% of the toxicity potential of PETs in the soil. Arsenic, nickel, and chromium have the highest carcinogenic risk for children in both the ingestion and inhalation pathways, and chromium, arsenic, and nickel have the highest carcinogenic risk from the inhalation pathway for adults. According to the results, the most considerable PETs in the study area including As, Cd, and Pb, and the most important source of their emission in Arak are anthropogenic resources and industries.

The main purpose of the present study is to modeling the variation of ground-water quality parameters from 2001 to 2018 and predicting its quality for 2027. To achieve it, we</strong> accessed parameters which included total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na), sulfates (SO4</sub>), and chlorides (Cl) which acquired from thirty-four wells in Dehloran Plain, Ilam. Due to the large number of wells, the samples were classified through cluster analysis into six clusters. To determine the number of clusters, a hierarchical clustering method was used. Five time-series models of autoregressive (AR), moving-average (MA), auto-regressive moving-average (ARMA), autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA), and seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving-average (SARIMA) were applied to predict the changing ground-water quality. The best model was selected based on the Autocorrelation function (ACF) and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Coefficient of determination (R2</sup>). The results of the prediction indicated that the average concentration of Cl and Na will increase in all the clusters in 2027. Moreover, the average of the predicted SO4</sub> will increase in all clusters except for the sixth one. The average of TDS also will increase in the first to third clusters, while it will decline in the fourth, fifth, and sixth clusters. The average of the predicted TH in the first, second, third, and fifth clusters will rise, whereas it will be reduced in the fourth and sixth clusters. It can be concluded that the status of ground-water quality is worsening in Dehloran Plain and in 2027 its quality will become lower compared to previous years.

There is a relationship between the consumption of saturated, trans fatty acidsand coronary heart disease, however there are unresolved matters to be concerned about thecontent of saturated and trans fatty acids in Iranian confectionery sweets.

Four types of confectionary sweets popular and consumedfrequently consisted of dry, semi-dry, wet and frying types were selected and purchased fromthree famous confectionary shops with six replicate orders during six month periods. The oilsamples after extraction were subjected to methylation to prepare methyl ester of the fattyacids. The methyl ester samples were injected to a gas chromatography equipped with BPX70capillary column and Flame Ionisation Detector where the firm identification was made bycomparison with standards.

The results showed that the major saturated fatty acid in all the pastries was palmiticacid accounting for 25 to 35 % for different samples. The other major saturated fatty acid wasstearic acid ranging 5 to 10%. The unsaturated fatty acid; elaidic acid (C18:1t) accounted for7 to 13%, expect for Doughnut that was less than 1%. In total the amount of saturated fattyacids and trans fatty acid of the samples was much higher than the minimum standardtherefore total TFA content in Nan Brenji A, B and C brands were13.3, 8.03 and 11.45,respectively. The values of TFA in Danish type were 15.67, 15.25 and 16.78, respectivelyand in Napeloni type was11.82, 15.9 and 11.46, respectively.

It is necessary and advisable to replace the edible oils containing high trans fattyacids in the formulation of these sweets with healthier ones containing lower trans content.

Starch-based active packaging which contain additives has been used to food preservation, significantly. Organic nano-clays such as montmorillonite cause to strength of these films and additives such as antioxidants reduces food spoilage rate. In this study starch-based films with different percentages of montmorillonite from 0 to 8% and the green tea extract from 0 to 2.5 % were produced by casting method and physical properties of the films such as tensile strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability and solubility were investigated. Then flax seed oil was packaged in these films and some chemical properties of oil, peroxide index and acidity, were evaluated. Then the optimal point in the film production was determined with Minitab 17 software by response surface methodology. The results showed that low content of both independent factors caused to decrease of water absorption and solubility and addition of montmorillonite and green tea extract increased the tensile strength of films. It was seen in medium content of both factor water vapor permeability of films was the least. Montmorillonite in high and medium content caused to reduction of peroxide index and acidity, respectively. Organoleptic tests showed that edible films did not change the odor, flavor, color and overall acceptance of flax seed oil, too. The optimal point to justify was in 2.42% of Montmorillonite and 0.181% of green tea extract caused to increase shelf life of flax seed oil to 7 days.