farhad ahmadi

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chamomile (Chamomilia Matricaria L.) flower powder on performance, blood parameters and morphological jejunum of Japanese quail from 7 to 35 days of age. A total of 200 7-day-old male Japanese quail were as randomly distributed to 5 treatments, with 4 replicates, and 10 birds in each pen. The experimental treatment included (T1) a control diet (treated only by basal diet), (T2-T5) basal diet supplemented with of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 % of CFP, respectively. Live body weight (LBW) and Feed intake (FI) as weekly were determined, and then feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. At the final of research, from each experimental treatment, 5 birds with an average weight close to the same treatment were selected, blood and intestine (jejunum section) samples were removed at 35 days of age for further analysis. Blood sample were collected from the axillary vein and poured into test tubes without heparin. Blood serum was separated using centrifuge and stored at -20ₒC until the test. Then, the birds were slaughtered and after opening the abdominal cavity, a section (3 cm) from the middle part of the jejunum was separated and kept in 10% formalin (pH=7.2) to investigate the jejunum morphology. Results showed that live body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved (P<0.05) at the birds fed with CFP compared to control. Adding of 1% and 1.5% CFP (T3 and T4) to the basal diet showed the best performance results. The level of HDL had significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the birds fed CFP (T3 and T4) compared to control. Other lipid profile parameters were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by CFP used, although results indicated a numerically trend decreasing compared to control. Villus height and depth crypt of bird jejunum significantly increased (P<0.05) with comparison to control. In conclusion, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with 1% and/or 1.5% CFP has beneficial effect on growth performance, lipid profile and jejunum morphometric of quails.

One of the most important factors in achieving the version of Islamic futurism is how Muslim futurists perceive a source of religious knowledge. This article, by adopting the documentary method and based on "content analysis", has researched three types of foundationalism, i.e. "Islamic-religious based on future research", "Quran based on future research" and "Hadith based on future research". Further, in order to improve the acceleration in the process of discovery, comprehensiveness, intersubjectivity of the version of Islamic futurism, paying attention to some of the epistemological considerations, the cognitive source and the cognitive methodology are an undeniable necessity. Among these things: Lack of deciphering the meaning of the Islamicness of futurism", "how the suffix "Islamic" in futurism studies as "attribute" or "adjective" and "demarcation of the appropriateness of the version of Islamic futurism with its synonyms", "ambiguity in introducing the criteria of Islamic studies futurism", "lack of attention to the role of "method" in futurism studies", "non-use of religious seer sources and evidence", "unknown role of human experiences and achievements in its epistemological puzzle", "lack of introduction of methodological mechanisms in the presentation of theory" and "failure to form a system of problems in Islamic futurology studies".

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer, a member of the polyester polymer family, is used for the manufacture of medical implants, especially in the manufacture of artificial vessels, due to its high mechanical and chemical stability. Basically, the current research has been carried out in order to modify the surface of this polymer with the aim of producing PET with optimal surface characteristics to increase compatibility and performance in medical applications. These modifications include adjusting the contact angle, changes in the surface chemical composition, improving the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the surface, and changes in the surface morphology. The aim of this research is to improve the surface properties of PET in such a way as to improve its performance and efficiency in the production of artificial vessels and other medical applications. The variables investigated in this research include treatment time, sulfur dioxide gas concentration, plasma intensity and polymer surface properties. During this research, polymer film samples were placed inside the plasma device with a vacuum bag and were exposed to SO2 plasma. The functionalization of the polymer surface with the presence of molecules or chemical groups including sulfur and oxygen was investigated by spectroscopy (FTIR) and the results of infrared spectroscopy in the sample treated by SO2 gas plasma showed the presence of peaks of symmetrical bonds of SO2 in SO3 or SO4 in the sample. approved. 3D AFM images and contact angle test confirmed the morphological changes and wettability of the polymer surface. Using the plasma method with SO2 gas is a suitable method to modify the surface of polyethylene terephthalate and strengthens the application of this polymer in the field of biomedicine.

Some important challenges of small businesses are limited financial resources, lack of experience in starting a business, and lack of business knowledge. A strategy to solve the challenge of small businesses is to use the capacity of large companies. Also, one of the emerging and new trends in the development of cooperation between small businesses and large companies is the use of the cooperation acceleration model. The present research was an applied study in goal and was conducted by a qualitative method based on grounded theory. The participants included 11 managers and professors who were knowledgeable in the field of business acceleration selected by purpose-based sampling until reaching theoretical saturation. To validate the findings, the raw text of the interviews was reviewed by an external observer with expertise in qualitative grounded theory research to determine the similarity of the extracted themes. The results indicated that the categories (strategic goals and definition of a joint cooperation roadmap, formulation of cooperation models and strategies, agility of procurement and legal processes, appointment of corporate mentors, gradual experimental process, testing, and cooperation partnership) would accelerate cooperation. The main contribution of the research is to provide a practical and market-oriented model of cooperation between small businesses and large companies in the ecosystem of entrepreneurship whose application will contribute to developing entrepreneurship and economic growth in society.

To investigate the effect of different levels of Algasan pigment on the performance and meat quality of Ja[amease quail, 204 bird at day three of age, were randomly divided into four groups in three replications. Treatments included control diet (without pigment) or with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% (A1, A2, and A3) Algasan, respectively. In addition to recording performance data, at day 38 of age, two male quail were randomly selected from each exprimental unit to evaluate meat quality. Data were analyzed by SAS software and means were compared by Duncan test. The effect of different levels of pigment in quail diets on mean body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and live weight were not significant. But the highest carcass weight was observed in A1 treatment (118.33 g), the highest carcass yield in A3 treatment (73.36%), the highest light density in A1 treatment (2.029, 1.268, and 2.249%), and the highest water holding capacity in A3 treatment (4.720) (P≤0.05). The lowest meat pH, drip loss, and cooking loss showed in control (6.342), A2 (13.055%), and A3 (19.985%) treatments, respectively (P≤0.05). In general, Algasan pigment might be effective in improving some parameters of the performance and quality of quail meat.

Despite the efforts of thinkers to obtain a Qur'anic explanation of the nature of the Islamic Revolution and the future ahead, there is still a comprehensive explanatory gap and the Qur'an-builders of this great phenomenon. The present study is based on the re-examination of the category of "Hezbollah" in the context of the verse of Velayat and has tried to provide a continuous reading of this context, which faces challenges in the Shiite interpretation. Contemplation in these verses illuminates the evolutionary process during which God develops a nation on a path, strengthens Shiite culture and civilization in it, and forms a government following a change in values. At some point in this evolution, God benefits this people from special gifts with wide-ranging effects, and then, with the transnational expansion of these gifts, he forms "Hezbollah" in the circle of Tula towards the saints introduced in the verse of Wilayah. On this basis, the apocalyptic society of the Shiites is a structured and organized society that continues to move with authority, benefiting from the special gifts of God, is constantly victorious, and escapes from all the events and seditions of the apocalypse. In the position of a speculation, by adapting the characteristics mentioned in this context to the history of Iranian developments, according to the narrative discourse, Iranians can be considered as examples of this people. On this basis, a Qur'anic explanation of the nature and future of the Islamic Revolution can be provided, according to which the Islamic Revolution is on the verge of benefiting from God's special gifts and transition to a powerful, structured Shiite world community called Hezbollah.

According to the importance of the collaboration ecosystem, the present study aims to provide a model for accelerating the cooperation of large companies with small businesses.

The present study was conducted with a qualitative method based on the data strategy of the foundation with a coding method with the paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin. The statistical population of the research consists of experts, administrators, and university professors with at least five years of experience related to business development which 12 of them were selected based on targeted sampling for data collection through semi-structured in-depth interviews and resulted in theoretical saturation in the ninth interview.

Data analysis leads to the identification of sub-axes and axes as well as the relationships between them in the form of a paradigm model of cooperation including axial phenomena (three categories), causal conditions (three categories) Contextual factors (four categories) intervening conditions (four categories), strategies (three categories), and consequences (one category).

The results showed that the pivotal phenomenon (small business cooperation requirements, large corporate cooperation requirements, acceleration of cooperation) model causal conditions including (ownership, purpose, business model), contextual factors (financing , Market development, mentoring, organizational acceptance, coaching), interventionist conditions (legal procedures, procurement, selection, merger), strategies (collaboration basis, agile environment, gradual process) as well as consequences (accelerating the collaboration ecosystem).

There have been limited studies on the effect of the combination of aerobic exercise and alcohol consumption on regulators of antioxidant defense systems, especially erythroid nuclear factor 2 associated with factor 2 (Nrf2) in heart muscle.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise with ethanol consumption on Nrf2 gene expression in heart tissue and antioxidant parameters of plasma in male rats. A number of 32 rats with a weighing average of 230 ± 6 g were divided into four groups control, aerobic exercise, ethanol 20% at a dose of 4 g/kgbw, and ethanol+ aerobic exercise. At the end of the period, levels of Nrf2 gene expression and total capacity antioxidant and malondialdehyde were evaluated. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA at the significant level of p≤0.05.The results showed that aerobic exercise had a significant effect on Nrf2 gene expression (P=0.0068).The results showed no significant effect of ethanol consumption (P=0.312) and interaction effect between aerobic exercise and ethanol consumption (P=0.237) on Nrf2 gene expression. Aerobic exercise significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 gene in the aerobic exercise and ethanol+ aerobic exercise groups compared to the control. Ethanol consumption significantly reduced TCA and increased MDA levels compared to other groups.The findings showed that ethanol consumption decreased and increased plasma levels of TAC and MDA, respectively. In contrast, aerobic exercise through increasing TAC levels and increase Nrf2 gene expression leads to a decrease in the oxidative damage caused by ethanol consumption.

In this study, copper manganese oxide (CuMn2O4) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple sol-gel technique in the presence of lactose as the green capping agent. The lactose concentration effect on the crystalline size and magnetic properties of final products were systematically investigated. The structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of as-obtained products were examined by techniques such as the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. SEM and VSM results show that lactose concentrations play an important role in the magnetic properties and morphology of CuMn2O4 nanoparticles. Degradation of type of dye (Rhodamine B = Rh B and Methyl orange = MO) under ultraviolet light was examined to assess the feasibility of using CuMn2O4 for photocatalytic activities. To demonstrate the possibility of developing an inexpensive solar cell, FTO/TiO2/CuMn2O4/Pt-FTO, the CuMn2O4 paste was put on the top of the TiO2 through the doctor blade technique.

One of the major challenges for micro-businesses is the inability to sell products in the market, and one of the major challenges for (large-enterprises) is the inability to fund micro-business network. One of the strategies to tackle the challenges of the micro-businesses market and corporates (large corporations) funding is to utilize the capacity of entrepreneurship development intermediary organizations. This research, based on an applied purpose and in terms of data gathering, qualitatively and with a long-term case study in the form of a living researcher, complete enumeration, has surveyed 32 cooperation between micro-business and large companies with markets, mediated by the organization (Omid Entrepreneurship Fund) from 1393 to 1398. The method of data collection was semi-structured interviews and a review of agreements and correspondence, and for data analysis, after theoretical saturation, by coding the extracted codes of micro categories (level 3 category), middle categories (level 2 category), and main categories (level 1 category), Identified in order to establish sustainable cooperation between micro-businesses and corporates with markets. The research findings show that the new model of sustainable cooperation between micro-businesses with large corporations with markets has components (strategic plans, validation, model and strategy, corporate requirements, intermediary organization requirements, monitoring, and feasibility of redevelopment) and has been effective in addressing the challenges of the micro-business and corporate (or large corporations) funding.

Skeletal muscle as an endocrine tissue is involved in the regulation of metabolic activity, production and secretion of hormones including myokines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training combined with ethanol consumption on plasma lipid profile and glucose levels, triglyceride content and mayonectin, irisin and leptin gene expression in the gastrocnemius muscle in male rats.

A number of 32 rats with a weighing average of 200 ± 10 g were divided into four groups control, aerobic training, ethanol with dose of 4 g/kgbw, and ethanol +aerobic training. At the end of the period, values of lipid profile and plasma glucose, the amount of triglyceride of the gastrocnemius muscle and the relative levels of mayonectin, irisin and leptin gene expression were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA.

The plasma triglyceride levels in the aerobic training and ethanol+aerobic training groups were significantly decreased compared to the control group (P≤0.05). The gastrocnemius muscle triglyceride values were significantly increased in the ethanol +aerobic training (P≤0.0001) and aerobic training groups (P≤0.01) compared to the control group. The results showed that aerobic training significantly increased myonectin gene expression in aerobic training group (P≤0.05), but the expression of irisin and leptin genes did not change significantly in different groups.

Aerobic training during the eight-week was able to improve lipid content, especially plasma triglyceride and skeletal muscle triglyceride, and possibly regulate body metabolism by altering the levels of myokines, especially myonectin.

An efficient and quantitative two phase freezing (TPF) method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis detector was developed for the extraction, clean up and determination of clomiphene citrate (CLC) in plasma samples. The separation of two miscible solvents by TPF method permits that the CLC was efficiently removed from proteins and transferred into the relative aprotic dipolar organic phase and in consequence, gave a higher recovery. The TPF method was compared to conventional liquid-liquid extraction and it gave more clean solution with better reproducibility. Linear range, limit of detection and limit of quantification for CLC in plasma were obtained in the range of 0.06-18, 0.02 and 0.06 µg ml-1, respectively. The intraday and interday reproducibility for concentration of 1.0 µg ml-1 (%RSD) were 3.2% and 4.6%, respectively. In addition, the trueness, ruggedness, and realistic of TPF were assessment. Finally, several real plasma samples were successfully analyzed using the developed method.

In the Holy Qur’an the method of narrating stories is applied in order to express teachings. In spite of many exegetical attempts about Qur’anic stories, the study of God's narrating way in such verses has been less considered. The arrangement of the Flood of Noah verses in Surah Hood, in case it has been shown chronologically based on occurred events, is confronted with some contradictions. Suggesting the “vein” pattern for these verses, the present research provides a criterion for not observing the sequence of time in the arrangement of these verses. By distinguishing between the phrases of the two groups of believers and infidels and placing them in the pattern of vein, a plan of all events of the Flood story will be formed according to the chronological order. In addition to the possibility of applying such arrangement of the verses in interpreting some other narratives of the Qur’an, it is argued that firstly the conversation between Noah and his son was on the verge of the Flood, not after moving the ship, and secondly Noah's prayer for saving his son was not after the end of the Flood, as shown by the arrangement of the Surah Hood, but was just after taking Noah's son by the wave. According to this order, the events of “Salam” (peace) after the end of the Flood’s high-risk scene and Noah’s ignorance of his child’s belief are reinterpreted in new way, as well.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of physical activity, body composition (weight, BMI, WHR and body fat percent) and parental education with screen time in 10-12-year-old male students. 733 students (height: 144.1±8.1 cm, weight: 39.2±11.4 kg and BMI: 18.7±4.1 kg/m2)at primary schools in Sanandaj city participated in this study using random cluster sampling method. Data of screen time and physical activity levels of the subjects along with the level of parental education was collected by a questionnaire. Also, body composition parameters and hand grip strength were evaluated. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used and Spearman correlation was applied to investigate the relationship of the variables. Results showed a significant negative relationship between screen time and level of physical activity and hand grip strength, and a significant positive relationship between screen time and BMI, WHR, body fat percent and the level of parental education (P≤0.05). These results indicated that an increase in screen time in 10-12-year-old students deceased their physical activity and body composition indices deteriorated.

The safety of food with animal origin means that the food consumed is considered as safe when synthetic chemical agents are absent or present at very low concentrations. The aims of the present study were to validate the Premi®Test and four plate test (FPT) methods as well as screen and estimate the occurrence of chloramphenicol (CAP) residue in collected chicken tissues including liver, kidney and thigh muscle from Kermanshah, west of Iran.
A total of 150 chicken samples were purchased from different poultry slaughterhouses in Kermanshah province, west of Iran and subjected to the FPT and Premi®Test.
The Premi®Test could not detect CAP residue at concentrations below 3 and 6 ppm in aqueous solution and kidney fluid, respectively. The highest sensitivity of FPT in the detection of CAP residue was optimally found in the agar medium inoculated with Bacillus subtilis at pH 7.2. The Premi®Test was more sensitive than FPT in the kidney fluid and aqueous solution. Regarding FPT results, CAP residue was found in 20% (n=30), 8.66% (n=28) and 11.33% (n=17) of liver, kidney and muscle samples, respectively. In the case of Premi®Test, the most contaminated samples were liver (24%), followed by kidney (22.66%) and muscle (19.33%).
It can be concluded that illegal use of CAP in Iranian poultry industries should be taken into account seriously.

In this work we introduced a new two phase freezing (TPF) method coupled with gas chromatography for the extraction, clean up and determination of methadone (MT) in human milk samples. TPF procedure was optimized for extraction of MT from immature milk sample. The extraction of MT was performed from 1.0 ml of milk that contain 0.2 ml of Briton Robinson buffer (pH=2.5) and 0.3 ml of acetonitrile. For separation of acetonitrile from aqueous solution, the solution was placed in refrigerator at −40 °C. The MT was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results demonstrated that the amount of MT that transferred to milk is significantly different from other published reports. The immature milks of six women who were used MT (dose of 90 mg/day) in duration of 1, 2, 3, and 5 h after consumption were analyzed. Our data demonstrated that, before one hour and also 5 h after MT consumption the breastfeeding is safe and between 2-4 h after consumption dose not safe neither.

The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Se metal ions in milk and dairy products (pasteurized milk, doogh, cheese and yoghurt) were determined with differential pulse anodic and cathodic stripping voltammetry technique at HMDE electrode. For more accurate and selective metal ions determination the samples were digested by dryness-HNO3ὤ軣 H2O2 heat digestion method. The concentration linear ranges of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Se in fermented milk sample were in the range of 0.5-200, 0.3-220, 0.1-500, 0.1-450, and 0.4-120 ppb, respectively. The recovery for metal ions in all samples was in the range of 89 to 99%. The intermetallic effect of metal ions was omitted by change of pH. This study shows that nearly in all cases the concentration of the measured amounts are lower than the international permissible limits and there is no health threatening concern due to the consumption of milk and dairy products in Iran.

Reports concerning the association of physical activity with markers of inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis are ambiguous. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 4 weeks of combined decomposedsit-up and walking training with two different volumes onfibrinogen, plasma viscosity and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in college, young men.
In this semi-experimental study, 18 subjects with age range 19 to 25 years selected as research subjects and were randomly divided into two groups including; group 1 (15 min sit-up -30 min run) and group 2 (30 min sit-up -15 min run). The study sit-up training included 25 types of training for abdominal muscles and the walking intensity was 130-140 steps per minute. Blood samples were collected before and after 4 weeks (16 sessions) and the levels of fibrinogen, plasma viscosity and HOMA-IR were measured. Data analyzed by two ways ANOVA (Between-group changes) and paired T-test.
Compared with the pre-test, both groups demonstrated a significant reduction in body weight over the course of the study (P The current research findings indicate that fibrinogen and plasma viscosity levels in group 2 (30 minute sit-up minute walking) decreased compared with the pre-test after 4 week of training; but fibrinogen and plasma viscosity levels in the group 1 (15 minute sit-up minute walking) did not change significant

Seismic loads on bridges may cause large damaging forces in the substructure. Isolation and energy dissipating elements or a combination of the two have been used to reduce the transmitted forces caused by seismic loading. The benefits of these systems are mainly attributed to the increase of structure’s natural period of vibration and damping. This paper investigates a new device that works on the same principles. This device is composed of sliding bearings and air springs or airbags. Several bridges are analyzed using the Nishimura’s model for air springs and the sensitivity of seismic response of bridges due to variable spring parameters is investigated and optimum values are obtained. Then, using these parameters for the air spring and solving the equation of motion the variation of air spring internal parameters with time are investigated. Results show that air springs are very efficient in reducing the effects of seismic forces.

A molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) was computationally designed and synthesized for the selective extraction of metaproterenol (MTP), from human plasma. In this regards semi empirical MP3 and mechanical quantum (DFT) calculations were used to find a suitable functional monomers. On the basis of computational and experimental results, acrylic acid (AA) and DMSO:MeOH (90:10 %V/V) were found to be the best choices of functional monomer and polymerization solvents, respectively. This polymer was then used as a selective sorbent to develop a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) procedure followed by differential pulse voltammetry by using modified carbon nanotube electrode. The analysis was performed in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Peak currents were measured at +0.67 V versus Ag/AgCl. The linear calibration range was 0.026–8.0 μg mL-1 with a limit of detection 0.01 μg mL-1. The relative standard deviation at 0.5 μg mL-1 was 4.76% (n=5). The mean recoveries of 5 μg mL-1 MTP from plasma was 92.2% (n=5). The data of MISPE-DPV were compared with the MISPE-HPLC-UV. Although, the MISPE-DPV was more sensitive but both techniques have similar accuracy and precision.

A novel potentiometric ion-selective PVC membrane sensor for analysis of atorvastatin (AT) in pharmaceutical preparations based on atorvastatin-(tetraphenyl borate), (AT-(TPB)2) as sensing element, tetraphenyl borate as additive and tris-2-ethyl-hexyl phosphate (TOP) as plasticizer solvent was prepared. The electrode shows a good Nernestian response over the concentration range of 0.09–5586 µg mL-1of AT with slope of 30.1±0.1 mV/decade and limit of detection0.056µg mL-1.The response time of sensor is fats (less than 10 sec)and could be used for about one month in the pH range of 4.5–8.0. The electrode exhibit good selectivity for the AT in the presence of large amount of co-drugs and inorganic cations. The method is precise and accurate with mean relative standard deviation of <2%.Atorvastatin is determined successfully in several tablets by the proposed membrane.

Giardiasis is one of the parasitic infections in the gastrointestinal tract which caused by flagellate protozoa that called giardia and it causes diarrhea. Giardia cysts defecate from infected people. These cysts can enter the body through contaminated hands, water, and food products. Diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pains, growth failure, malabsorption of carbohydrates, fats and vitamins are the giardiasis symptoms. In this study, samples were taken from 203 people that were working in different food supply and distribution centers in the South Pars petrochemical. After sampling, samples were analyzed according to standard procedures. The results of examinations were studied after verification them by laboratory chief and their related physicians. Out of the whole examined people in this study, kitchen (28%) and salad maker (14%) centers were the maximum and minimum population, respectively. 8.87% of the total populations were infected by giardia, which salad making center had the greatest share. As well as, the rate of infectious by giardia among the administrative and dishes washing centers was the lowest. Education level and personal hygiene such as hand washing with a detergent can be important in reducing infection due to giardia. So, the training of workers and also periodic testing of individuals can reduce these pollutants.

Mindium laevigatum (Vent.) Rech. F. plant grows in central part of Iran. And used by local people as medical plant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of aerial and flower parts of plant. The leaves and stem and flower of bark from M. laevigatum were separately collected, air-dried and powdered. Then the plant species extracts were prepared with methanol, water 80:20 and two polar and non-polar subfractions were realized. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging the radicals 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), β-Carotene linoleic acid assay and reducing power methods. The antifungal and antibacterial evaluation was performed by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The total phenolic analysis of subfractions found 182 ± 4.2 µg gr-1 for polar and 158 ± 3.9 µg gr-1 for non-polar extracts. The antifungal activity of the extracts against the various fungal varied from 14.0 to 34 mm. MIC values from 50 to 400 µg mL-1 were satisfactory when compared with other plant products. The antibacterial results revealed that the subfraction extracts are mostly effective against Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant results showed polar subfraction has more activity against non-polar subfraction. These findings demonstrated that the extract of Mindium laevigatum has remarkable in vitro antifungal and antioxidant activity.

This article tries to discuss the characteristics of traditional architecture across Iranian plateau from a different point of view. Accordingly, the slow tempo of time in traditional era will be argued, a tempo by means of which the actions have been followed with more separation than usual and with more patience, forbearance, and tolerance. In other words, it is articulated that the actions are actualized not in their abstract form but in the context of the rituals. Hence, the slow tempo of these actions reduces the side-effects of harsh environmental changes and leads to a balance with nature in a manner that the alterations made to it do not result in any wastage. Furthermore, the effects of separation, whether as a conceptual notion or as a practical phenomenon in residences, will be discussed and their examples, from macro (polis) to micro (building), will be mentioned.

A new method is presented, for the determination of copper, based on adsorptive stripping voltammetry of the complex of copper with minoxidil at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The most suitable operating conditions and parameters, such as pH, accumulation potential, deposition time, ligand concentration and scan rate, were selected. The calibration graph for copper (II) was linear over the concentration range of 0.5 to 700 nM; the detection limit of the method was 0.09 nM. The interferences of some common ions were studied and the method was found suitable for determination of copper (II) in water anddrug samples. Moreover, by using of the proposed method, there is a considerable improvement in the detection limit, linear dynamic range and deposition time, compared to the methods other than adsorptive stripping voltammetry for the determination of copper.