فهرست مطالب farshad sadeghi

Myopathy caused by diabetes can accelerate the disease process in diabetic people. Myopathy has important indicators in muscle tissue related to regeneration and intracellular metabolism in skeletal muscles. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training in hypoxia on the content of PAX 7 and PGC-1α proteins in the gastrocnemius muscle of type 2 diabetic rats.  This experimental study was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats for six weeks after induction of type 2 diabetes. Rats were divided into three groups: healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), and hypoxia group (HPX). Resistance training was applied for eight weeks under oxygen deficiency conditions in the groups of resistance training in hypoxia. The tissue sample was taken from the biceps muscle after finishing the exercises and evaluated to measure the concentration of PAX7 and PGC-1α proteins. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance at a significance level α ≤0.05.  There was a significant difference in PAX7 and PGC-1α proteins between the research groups (P=0.0001). Induction of diabetes led to a significant decrease in PAX7 compared to the control group. PGC1-α protein levels also decreased significantly in the diabetes induction group compared to the control group (P=0.0001). However, exposure to hypoxia did not change the gene expression values of this variable compared to the diabetic patient group (P=0.451).  Exposure to temporary and passive hypoxia can be considered as a suggested strategy to improve indicators related to type 2 diabetes in humans.

Erythropoietin is known as a strong stimulant in the activation of satellite cells and increasing the regeneration function of muscle tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between erythropoietin concentration and fasting blood glucose after a resistance training program in male Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes.

Twenty-four male rats aged 6 weeks were divided into 3 groups: healthy control (n=8), diabetic control (n=8) and resistance training (n=8). Resistance exercises were performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week, with an intensity of 100-30% of the weight of the rats in the resistance training group. In the last week of the training program, the maximum oxygen consumption of the rats was taken using the executive protocol on the rat treadmill. 48 hours after finishing the training program, blood samples were taken from the right ventricle of heart of the rats and erythropoietin and fasting blood glucose were evaluated. The data was statistically analyzed using Pearson's correlation and one-way analysis of variance at the alpha level of less than 0.05.

The results showed that there is no significant relationship between erythropoietin and fasting blood glucose among any of the groups. Also, performing 8 weeks of resistance training in diabetic rats led to an increase in erythropoietin concentration (P≤0.0001) and a decrease in blood glucose (P≤0.0001).

It seems that more stimulation of EPO and regeneration of muscle tissue as well as increased energy consumption in muscle tissue is one of the possible mechanisms of blood glucose reduction caused by 8 weeks of resistance training in diabetic rats

Applying biological agents for increasing plant growth and their resistance to different tensions is of particular importance. In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and identify plant growth-promoting bacteria from soil samples and to evaluate their ability to help the tomato plant cope with drought stress. Soil samples were collected from wheat and barley farms around Karaj and after isolation and initial purification of phosphate solubilizing, nitrogen fixing, and siderophore producing strains, they were isolated using PVK media culture, nifH gene PCR, and CAS-agar media culture, respectively. The identified isolates were then analyzed in terms of their drought tolerance in an environment containing polyethylene glycol. Finally, tomato seedlings were inoculated with bacterial isolates (belonging to the Bacillus, Brevibacterium, and Actinomycetes genera) before they were grown under drought stress at three osmotic pressure levels of 0, -0.4, and -0.8 MPa. Then, sodium and potassium ion contents of leaves, roots, and stems were measured using a flame photometer while calcium contents of the same organs were assayed through atomic absorption measurement. Results showed that all five isolates capable of dissolving phosphate, nitrogen fixation, and siderophore production were able to withstand drought up to -0.8 MPa osmotic pressure. All these isolates significantly affected drought stress and the intensity of ions reduction in leaves, roots, and stems compared with the control plants. The results of the present study showed that inoculation of the bacterial isolates considering their ability in siderophore production and nitrogen fixation may help the plant to resist drought stress.

Diabetic myopathy is one of the major problems in people with type2 diabetes that knowing its mechanisms can be helpful in controlling and preventing this disease. PAX7 and PGC-1α are two proteins involved in the renewal and metabolism of carbohydrates in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8weeks of resistance training under hypoxia on the content of PAX7 and PGC-1α proteins in the horseshoe muscle of type 2 diabetic rats.

In this study, 40 male Wistar rats, 10weeks after induction of type2 diabetes, were divided into five groups: healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), resistance training (RT), and resistance training in hypoxia (RT-HPX) and hypoxia group (HPX) were divided. Resistance exercises were performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week, in the groups of resistance training and resistance training in hypoxia. The intensity of the exercises started from 30% of the weight of the rats initial and reached 100% of their weight until the end of the training. Resistance training in hypoxia. Hypoxia tent with14.4%oxygen was used to create hypoxia. 48hours after training, tissue samples were taken from horseshoe muscle and evaluated to measure the concentration of PAX7 and PGC-1α proteins.

The results showed that there is a significant difference (P=0.0001) between the research groups in both PAX7 and PGC-1α proteins. Induction of diabetes led to a significant decrease in PAX7, but the hypoxia resistance training group was not significantly different from the healthy control group (P=0.451). PGC1-α protein levels were also significantly decreased in the diabetes induction group compared to the control group (P=0.01), but training in hypoxia increased its levels to more than the healthy control group (P=0.0001).

Hypoxia, resistance training and combination of resistance training in hypoxia increased the amounts of PAX7 and PGC-1α proteins. Therefore, resistance training and temporary and inactive hypoxia exposure can be considered as a suggested solution to improve the indicators related to type2 diabetes in humans.

Drought is one of the most catastrophic environmental hazards in West Asia, and severe droughts throughout history have destroyed many ancient civilizations. The persistence and severity of damaging droughts has made drought an important research topic in the West Asian region, which is very important due to the arid climate, the importance of rainfall and water. In this study, using SPEI method and accurate networked data, critical areas caused by extensive and severe droughts of 1 to 12 months in West Asia in the long-term 118 years of 1901 2018 have been studied. The results of spatial analysis of accumulation index or ASPEI showed that in different time periods, the most affected areas of severe drought or the critical drought centers of the West Asian region are located in Yemen, southern Iran and western Saudi Arabia. The southern and western regions of Turkey, northwestern Turkmenistan, western Pakistan and Afghanistan, western Oman and Azerbaijan were also less important areas of severe and widespread droughts in West Asia. The lowest incidence of severe drought was observed in Armenia. The trend of temporal changes in the critical points extracted from the intensity and extent of droughts of 1 to 12 months indicates a significant downward trend in the critical centers of droughts in West Asia, and therefore severe and widespread droughts of 1 to 12 months will continue in the future and possibly Their intensity will increase. In other words, in the future we will see wider and more severe droughts in the West Asian region, especially in Yemen, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Iraq.

Mexican lime is well-liked by many consumers due to aroma, good taste and high acidity, and is widely used in the industry as an additive food. The experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete design. The treatments were sodium nitroprusside at three levels (0, 7.5 and 15μM) and storage time at four levels (harvest time, 20, 40 and 60 days after harvest). The results showed that the application of SNP prevented TSS content of fruits in storage. The highest TA was related to fruit at harvest time. There was no difference in total acidity and vitamin C until the 20th day of storage of the fruits treated with SNP and control. Non -use of SNP increased fruit weight loss during storage, and its application was slowed down to prevent water from evaporating from the fruit surface. Application of 7.5 and 15 μM SNP preserved chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content in fruit skin after 40 days of storage. Application of 7.5 and 15 μM SNP prevented fruit rot in 20th day of storage. Finally, the result showed that immersion of Mexican lime fruits at 7.5 μM SNP preserves fruit skin chlorophyll, slows weight loss, inhibits soluble solids increasing and preserves vitamin content and recommended to extend the storage life of horticultural products.

This study was carried out fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) under NaCl stress, seed germination with Methyl jasmonate priming. a factorial experiment at CRD design with three replications in 2014-2015 at the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. the factor A:includes Methyl jasmonate(MeJa) at three levels (0, 500 and 1000 mg/l) and factor (B): sodium chloride(NaCl) at 4 levels (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 dS/m). The characteristics such as Rate and percentage of germination, proline content and peroxidase. The results indicated that concentration of 1000 mg/l of MeJa led to increased germination under Control (100 %). Priming of Fennel seeds at 500 and 1000 mg/l of MeJa increase the germination rate were in Control. 1000 mg/l of MeJa led to the largest concentration of proline content in moderate NaCl stress conditions (5 dS/m) and severe (7.5 dS/m) is observed. Based on the results obtained from the interaction between priming and different concentrations of NaCl was found that priming of fennel seeds by 500 mg/l of MeJa increase peroxidase activity at 7.5 dS/m of NaCl. Finally, the results showed that Priming of fennel seeds by MeJa improve seed index, proline and peroxidaze enzyme activity at NaCl stress.

Monoterpenes are the major compounds of essential oil and distilment of medicinal plants may be affected by storage light, temperature and duration. The current study was carried out to determine the effect of storage temperature and duration on monoterpenes of spearment distilment in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. The storage temperature was , , and -18 °C, and durations were 1, 2, and 3 months. Spearment foliage were dried in shade and its distilment were extracted by hydro distillation using a clevenger-type apparatus. The solvent of diethyl ether was used to purify distilment essential oils. Extracted essential oils were injected intoGC-MS for compounds identification. Totally, 29 compounds were detected in fresh distilment. Among monoterpenes, carvone, menthol, 1,8-cineole, pulegone, n-decane and piperitenone were the most frequrntly identified compounds, respectively. Only carvone did not change under storage temperatures and durations. However, other compounds were influenced and converted to each other. Menthol as the second frequent component in spearmint distilment and its flavor and antimicrobial properties responsible, was in the highest level in room temperature and refrigerator. On the whole, maintainance of spearmint distilment at room temperature is recommended.

Selenium is a beneficial element with antioxidant characteristics that can improve plant growth and increase plant resistance to environmental stress. In order to study the effect of different concentrations of selenium on growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, antioxidant properties and total phenol of hot pepper cv. Suryankhi Cluster in a hydroponic culture, this experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications the treatments were consisted of five Se concentrations (0 as control, 3, 5, 7 and 10 µM). The results showed that Se application at the rate of 3 µM increased growth traits such as stem length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight. The highest root length was also observed in plants treated with 7 µM Se. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as Catalase and Peroxidase markedly increased at 7 µM Se. Antioxidant activity increased with increasing Se concentration, showing the highest activity at 10 µM Se. Total phenol increased by application of 3 and 5 µM Se and then decreased at 7 and 10 µM compared to 5 µM Se. Proline content significantly increased at 10 µM compared to the control. In general, it can be concluded that selenium application may improve plant growth and increase phenolic content and antioxidant activity of hot pepper.

The postpartum period is a critical then effects on the structure of the family. Most women in the postpartum period may place at risk of undesirable experiences such as changes in sleep patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the efficacy of the relaxation program on sleep quality of mothers with premature infants.

This study is a clinical trial that 60 mothers with premature infants. The mothers in the intervention group were trained for muscle progressive relaxation by Jacobson method within 24–72 h after delivery. Research tool was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which was completed by the mother at the beginning of the study, end of the first and the second 4-week. Data were analyzed using parametric statistics tests by SPSS software version 16.

No significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of underlying characteristics (P < 0.05). The independent t-test at the beginning of the study showed that the comparison of the mean scores of mothers' sleep quality has no significant difference between two groups (P = 0.43). But, 1-month after the intervention (P = 0.024) and 2 months after the intervention (P > 0.001), mean sleep quality score in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group.

Relaxation training can improve mothers' sleep quality at postpartum period.

This study is focused on production system amoung 3 axis of T. V. Study (audience، content and production). The purposive was recognizing the factors and criteria which have effect on sports production system on Iranian T. V. channels. The analyzing was basis on oriented media and oriented audience theories. The oriented media theories know the media as a main factor in human changes، but oriented audience theorie has emphasized on audience and belive the sports T. V. programs creats for reseon of the audience needs. The methodology was qualitative and the data were gathered by deep interviewing with media experts. The sampeling was nonrandomized and purposive method and researcher choosed the known persons about sports media experts. The findings showed which sport T. V. channel can be the core of the sport T. V channels and other T. V. channels can act as a complemension. It was a need to provide more opportunities for choosing sports T. V. programs by audiences. The T. V. channels managers must try to broadcst different sports and change the demands of audiences about sports and programs.