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Family caregivers are one of the first and most important members involved in following up the treatment and care of patients with chronic diseases who suffer from many complications in the long run. The purpose of this article is to review the studies conducted on the psychological effects of providing care to chronic patients in family caregivers.

This systematic review by searching Persian articles with the keywords of Family caregivers, psychological complications and chronic disease in valid databases such as SID, IranDoc, Iran Medex , Magiran,Web of Sciences, PubMed, and Scopus from 2011 to 2021. A total of 805 articles were found. 18 articles were extracted from them. Inclusion criteria included originality, writing in Persian and English, and compliance with the purpose of the study, and exclusion criteria included not having access to the full text of the article.

Caring for patients with chronic diseases has a variety of common psychological effects on family caregivers, including Caregiver Burden, burnout, fatigue, compassion fatigue, stress and anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and social stigma.

Due to the many and different psychological effects of providing care to chronic patients in family caregivers, it is necessary to make proper plans for nursing interventions and to pay attention to patients’ families in the direction of comprehensive nursing care.

Monkey pox is a zoonotic diseas that is caused by an orthopox virus. It was identified for the first time in 1970 in Congo and spread to other parts of Africa (mainly West and Central). The emergence of the epidemic beyond Africa highlights the global importance of this disease. The risk of monkeypox outbreaks in the world is increasing. The spread of this disease to Europe and developed countries has sounded the alarm in the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate monkeypox from epidemiological aspects, preparedness and response strategies.

This article is a review type and related information is obtained through searching Persian and English articles based on the main objectives of the study in the scientific databases such as Magiran, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SID and authoritative scientific sites such as CDC and WHO have been searched between 2015 and 2022.

The monkeypox virus is very similar to the smallpox virus. In areas where health resources are limited, Community participation in identifying and reporting disease risks is critical to identifying outbreaks. This is especially true for zoonotic diseases such as monkeypox in people living in remote areas with poor health services. In people who have not been vaccinated against smallpox, Monkeypox has an overall mortality rate of up to 11%. The disease can be transmitted in different ways. In the text of the article, the important aspects of the disease, including transmission methods, signs and symptoms, methods of identification, prevention, control and treatment of monkeypox disease have been discussed.

Considering the global health implications of the monkeypox outbreak, public health systems should be aware of effective strategies to reduce the potential spread of this disease.

 Nowadays, the use of the experiences and lessons learned by staff, including health care providers, has been emphasized as a key strategy in knowledge management. The aim of this study was to explain the managerial competencies of healthcare staff to discount the number of martyrs and injuries of injured people (veterans) in the Iran-Iraq war.

 This qualitative study was carried out using the conventional content analysis method in 2018-2019. 119 written narratives of 101 healthcare staff, in the area of providing therapeutic care to martyrs and veterans, were collected and simultaneously analyzed. Principles of qualitative data analysis were used for data analysis.

 The analysis of data led to the emergence of three main themes of management and leadership, providing resources and executive management. The sub-themes of management and leadership including planning, organizing and coordinating, decision-making skills and risk appetite, and management stability. Sub-theme of providing resources including providing human resources and providing physical resources. Sub-theme of executive management included readiness, protective and security measures, carelessness and negligence and registration of documents.

The managerial competencies of healthcare providers include management and leadership providing resources and executive management, which have been used to discount the number of martyrs and veterans in the Iran-Iraq war.

lacking the interaction and anger controlling skill while facing the aggressive behaviors of neuropsychiatric patients cause stress in nurses..

The present study investigated the effect of interaction skill training and anger management on nurses’ exposure to aggressive behaviors of patients admitted in psychiatric wards of selected military hospitals.

This quasi-experimental study was a randomized clinical trial conducted in selected hospitals of Aja University of Medical Sciences during the years 2018-2019. Fifty-eight nurses were selected by census method and studied in control and test groups. The teaching materials included lecturing, using PowerPoint and Q&A in eight sessions. The effect of training anger control and interaction skill before and immediately after the intervention and two months after the intervention was assessed using a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using independent statistical t-test, Fisher’s exact test and Friedman test. Significance level was considered P<0.05.

The result from Fisher exact test in both groups showed no significant difference in terms of reaction to violence before the intervention (P>0.05), immediately after the intervention (P>0.05) and eight weeks after the intervention (P> 0.05).
Discussion and and

After the intervention, nurses showed a more favorable reaction to aggression than before the intervention, although these changes were not statistically significant. It seems that making a great change in this area requires more prolonged intervention. Thus, it is recommended that training interaction skills and anger controlling be included on the agenda of nursing managers with other training methods. Further studies with a higher sample size are recommended.

Increasing development of nuclear technology and possibility of nuclear accidents are reasons for medical staff’s readiness; especially nurse’s in particular military medical centers. The Hospital Incident Command System play an important role in nurses’ readiness to cope with nuclear accidents and reduce its consequences. The aim of this study was to acquainting nurses with how to use the HICS to achieve better performance in nuclear accidents.

This is a review article which is conducted through library studies and searching databases such as SID, PubMed and Google Scholar as well as keywords including “Nurse”, “Crisis”, ‘Nuclear events” during 2011-2016.

A detailed plan for nurses is vital element for the appropriate response to the nuclear accidents. Often nurses are the front-line in crises; therefore, a strong plan is necessary to manage nuclear accidents and reducing its fatal consequences. In this paper we focused on the role of nurses during nuclear crisis.

To better performance in nuclear crisis, a strong plan and the ability in rapid decision making and talking to the other team members are necessary. Therefore, using the Hospital Incident Command System and knowing its performance play a significant role in nuclear accidents management. At the end, it is necessary to train nurses in various ways, including refresher courses long - term and short-term training workshops for it is distorted medics from the to deal with the nuclear accidents.

The hemodialysis patients experience various problems due to disease side-effects that reduce quality of life. It is especially important to identify and resolve such issues; therefore, the present study aim is evaluation of nursing interventions in order to decrease the some complications in these patients.
 

This is a review study which is conducted based on online resources including (Elsevier, PubMed, Google Scholar, Magiran, Sciences Direct), library resources and theses by using keyword (Nursing Interventions, Music Therapy, Pruritus, Pain, Relaxation, Hemodialysis, Depression, Massage, NonPharmacological, Complication, Dialysis, Anxiety) over the years 2005 and 2016.

The hemodialysis patients encounter with many complications e.g. fatigue, stress, pain in the point of infusion, depression, insomnia, and itching. In nursing, some interventions are used to reduce complications such as Benson relaxation and meditation, self-care education, Yoga, cognitive behavioral group therapy, scent therapy, Follow-up care model, massage with scented oils, Massage therapy, acupressure, electrical stimulation through the skin, Lavender inhalation, rhythmic breathing, planned thought distraction, and physical exercise to reduce the complications, which have turned out to be effective.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Base on the common problems and complications of hemodialysis patients, introduction with effective non-pharmacological interventions is recommended to reduce such complications.

This study conducted to assess the presence of pharmaceuticals in soils and crops irrigated with treated wastewater in Oman. The study was aimed to evaluate the potential of plant uptake of four commonly used pharmaceuticals in Oman: amoxicillin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and ibuprofen by radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativius) in soil culture.

Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) was selected as a test crop. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) instrument was used to measure concentrations of pharmaceuticals. Groundwater and treated wastewater were used for irrigation. Additionally, there were two spiked treatments; high-spiked concentration (5 mg/l) and low-spiked concentration (1 mg/l).

Results of the study showed that trimethoprim and ibuprofen were not detected in any samples of soil and plant. Sulfamethoxazole accumulated in radish roots for low- and high-spiked treatments. Amoxicillin accumulated in roots with low-spiked- as well as high-spiked treatments. Radish showed the ability to translocate some of the selected pharmaceuticals from soil irrigated with treated wastewater if they are present in sufficient concentrations.

Radish showed positive uptake of some selected pharmaceuticals from soil irrigated with treated wastewater with spiked (both high and low) concentration of pharmaceuticals and has the ability to accumulate them in the roots. Pharmaceutical usage and disposal must be given attention to prevent their occurrences in the environment. Furthermore, treated wastewater must be given attention, as it is an important source of water in Oman, which suffers from water shortages.

In this paper, we have developed a novel approach to reliability maintenance of one-shot systems such as military missiles and rockets. The reliability estimation and maintenance of these stretegic products are crucial and challenging, and the area has not yet been fully developed. In our new approach, we take a sample of the nishedproductsanddeconstructitintotheirparts. These parts are then further divided, according to their intrinsic nature ,into the class of testable parts with destruction, the class of testable parts without destruction and the class of non-testable parts. We have considered that the rst two classes of parts have increasing rate of failure, while the third class of parts has a constant rate of failure. We apply destructive and non-destructive tests according to the state-of-the-art testing technology and thecostassociatedwithit. Wethenhaveintegratedconcepts and techniques from maintenance planning, condition monitoring, Genetic Algorithm, Bayesian method, and variance propagation to optimize the relibility of standing products. From maintenace planning, we nd the optimal inspection period. From condition monitoring, we learn how to perform non-destructive tests. By using genetic algorithm, we estimate nea-optimal number of samples for each part. Also, Bayesian method is used to estimate the system reliability when the sample size is small which is the case for one-shot systems. In fact,throughBaysianprocess,thereliabilityinformation obtained by the new tests is integrated into the prior estimations in order to minimize the sample size. Finally, by variance propogation technique, we communicate the meanandvariancedataestimatedatthelowerpartlevel up to higher level of sub systems and the total system. This new approach enables us to estimate the reliability of the total system using the reliability information of the constituent parts. Our aim is to maintain the reliability of stand-pile products while the life cycle cost is also minimized. We have tested the proposed approach onthesoundingrocketseparationsystemoftheexplorer missile system built in Iran.

Nowadays, most of hospitalized patients are treated by using peripheral venous catheters. Phlebitis is the most common complications of this catheter that leads to additional complications for patients, increased healthcare costs and waste of time. This article aimed to evaluate prevention methods of phlebitis.

This is a review study that performed in 2016. It was conducted by searching print materials and online databases as Elsevier, Google Scholar, SID and Science Direct between 2000 and 2016.

Chemical drugs, herbal medicine and disinfectant solutions were used for prevention of phlebitis. These included intravenous Heparin, Diclofenac topical gel, Aloe Vera, and local Sesame oil. New solutions like Nanosil disinfection, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 2% compared with conventional solutions and various dressings have been investigated in the studies. Herbal medicine and disinfectant solution methods preferred for lower costs and complications and usability in most patients.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Nurses should become familiar with non-pharmacological prevention methods of phlebitis. Hereby, they can perform their duties in safety, low cost, easy and practical methods, and take an effective step to improve the quality of care for patients.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world. The important methods in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease is coronary angiography. This therapy as well as other treatment methods such as anxiety, hemodynamic disorders, stress and etc. aromatherapy is one of the best ways to reduce the effects of Coronary angiography. The purpose of this article is the effect of aromatherapy on anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

This study is a retrospective study based on data collected from online sources in databases regular search Google Scholar, SID, Pub Med, Elsevier from 2010 to 2015 with the key words cardiovascular angiography, aromatherapy, anxiety and stress It has been done.

Aromatherapy method is very simple, cheap and available. The simple reason being this way, nurses can use it. Plant extracts used in aromatherapy have no side effects for patients. The results show that this method can reduce anxiety, stress and hemodynamic measurements in patients undergoing cardiac angiography.

Discussion and Conclusion:

The results show that aromatherapy is one of the important methods to improve complications are cardiovascular angiography.