farzad soleimani

It is important to find novel therapeutic molecular targets for curing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of over-expression of the survivin gene, a gene frequently reported as neuroprotective, on the in vitro model of PD.  Survivin was over-expressed in SH-SY5Y cells. Next, the cells were treated with rotenone (500 nM) for 24 hr. Then, viability and the total antioxidant capacity were assessed. The expression levels of 15 important genes of key cellular processes (oxidative stress, apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy) were assessed. The studied genes included survivin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, BAX, bcl2, caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, p53, SMAC, β-catenin, mTOR, AMPK, ATG7, RPS18. The apoptosis level and the frequency of cell cycle stages were assessed by flow cytometry. For analyzing the data, the ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test was used to evaluate the significant differences between the experimental groups. P<0.05 was considered significant.  Survivin could significantly decrease the rotenone-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. The rotenone treatment led to down-regulation of catalase and up-regulation of bax, bcl2, caspase 3, caspase 8, P53, β-catenin, and ATG7. Survivin could significantly neutralize the effect of rotenone in most the genes. It could also increase the total antioxidant capacity of SH-SY5Y cells.  Survivin could prevent the toxic effect of rotenone on SH-SY5Y cells during the development of in vitro PD model via regulating the genes of key cellular processes, including anti-oxidation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy.

Prostate cancer (PC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that arises from both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Survivin acts as a bifunctional controller of apoptosis restraint and is up-regulated in numerous human cancers involving PC. CRISPR/Cas9 was illustrated as a profoundly specific and effective method for altering genes involving oncogenes.

Colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify the transformed colonies. Plasmid purification was performed from desired colonies due to the manufacture plasmid extraction kit protocol. A plasmid involving Cas9 and sgRNAs was co-transfected into PC3 cells using lipofectamine 3000. A vector with no cloned gRNA was utilized for scrambling. The efficacy of transfection and the expression levels of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) small subunit M2 (RRM2) and FBXO5 were identified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assayed by XTT assay and Annexin V-PE/7- AAD, respectively. Data were assayed by utilizing one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test using SPSS (version 20, USA), and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results revealed that lipofectamine 3000 is an efficient approach for delivering on the CRISPR/Cas9 system in PC3 cells. The knocked out of survivin by the CRISPR/Cas9 significantly decreased the proliferation and induced apoptosis of transfected PC3 cells compared to the scrambling vector. Finally, CRISPR/Cas9 systems significantly down-regulated the expression levels of RRM2 and FBXO5 at mRNA levels (fold change 0.406, P=0.0002).

In general, targeting survivin by CRISPR/Cas9 led to the down-regulation of RRM2 and FBXO5, as well as the induction of apoptosis in PC3 cells. Thus, more research using further PC cell lines and primary cells is necessary

Article 8 of  the General Health Policy Document   refers to promotion and improvement of  quality and safety of justice-focused services, emphasizes accountability and transparent information, effectiveness, efficiency and productivity  of health networks in accordance with the system of ranking and referral. The purpose of this study was to determine the most important indicators and interventions that can be done. This study was conducted using descriptive and qualitative methods. In order to extract the indicies, texts and documents were reviewed and interviews and expert meetings were used to determine the interventions. The data were analyzed using the framework analysis with consideration of the health system framework. This study extracted five main indicators relating to Article 8 of the General Health Policy. Then, for the implementation of this article, 19 interventions in the resource production, payment, organizing rules and regulations and behavior were proposed. Article 8 of the General Health Policy focuses on two categories of quality and safety of comprehensive health services. In order to improve the quality and safety of services which two important sources namely, health policymakers and managers are required to make a continuous effort for planning using the indicators and interventions mentioned.

Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are important regulators of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is the main mechanism of cancer metastasis. Different studies have shown their potential involvement in progression of cancer in different tissues such as breast, ovary and colorectum. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression of genes encoding two FOX proteins in gastric adenocarcinoma.
In this experimental case-control study, the expression of FOXC2 and FOXQ1 was examined in 31 gastric adenocarcinoma tumors and 31 normal adjacent gastric tissues by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The expression of both genes was significantly up-regulated in gastric adenocarcinoma tumors compared with the normal tissues (P We show that up-regulation of FOXC2 and FOXQ1 are likely to be involved in the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma.

A pure nucleotide pool is an essential precursor of correct DNA replication and prevention of mutagenesis and abnormality in a living cell. Inosine triphosphatase (ITPase) is a critical enzyme to remove any deaminated rough purine nucleotides such as inosine from nucleotide pool. It has been shown that the rate of substitution mutation in genomic DNA increase by abnormal function and expression of ITPA gene. The object of this study was comparisons the ITPA gene expression between human adenocarcinoma tumor with the normal margins tissues. the expression of ITPA gene was examined in 24 pairs of gastric adenocarcinoma tumor and their normal adjacent tissues using quantitative Real-Time PCR technique. the analysis gene expression showed reduction in tumor tissue in comparison with their adjacent normal tissues. The reduction in ITPA gene expression is especially significant in higher grade samples. with regard to the biological function of ITPA gene in omitting the rough deaminated purines from the nucleotides pool, it seems that lower expression of this gene can be considered as a risk factor for development and progression of gastric cancer. Also abnormality in this gene increase the frequency of mutation in genomic DNA and make a suitable background for higher genomic instability.