فهرست مطالب farzaneh ameri

Every science is based on metaphysical and philosophical assumptions, and medicine is no exception. In mixed medicine, Galen considers philosophy and logic to be part of medicine and bases his medical theory on it. Therefore, Galen considered anatomy and physiology not only for the study of organs and processes inside the body, but also as an important source for answering philosophical questions.Therefore, the problem of the present research is to investigate the impact of Galen's philosophical teachings on his knowledge of anatomy and physiology. For this purpose, the article consists of four parts: in the first part, the history of physiology before Galen is examined, and in the second part, it deals with the philosophical teachings and important concepts of the knowledge of physiology and Galen's philosophical outlook, and in the next parts, the impact of Galen's philosophical teachings on the knowledge of the physiology of the brain and nerves. Cardiology, respiration, digestion, reproduction and embryology are examined. This research has been carried out by library method and relying on the works attributed to Galen. Examining the works related to Galen's physiology shows that he was influenced by Plato's theory of the three organs and believed that the three main organs of the body are the brain, heart and liver, therefore Galen's system of physiology includes a set of activities focused on the liver, heart/lungs and brain. A process that must be constantly renewed to continue living. Also, Galen's goal of analyzing and understanding the anatomy and physiology of the body was to understand the nature of pneuma.

Galenos was a Greek physician, philosopher, and logician one of the most influential people in ancient Greek medicine, and his work was also the basis of medical education and practice in the Islamic world and Europe. Galinus was noted for his mastery of Hippocratic medicine and his practice in medicine. What distinguishes Galenus from other physicians is his emphasis on being methodical. During his time, three important medical schools were practicing medicine: the companions of experience, the analogy and the trick. The three groups disagreed on medical knowledge, education, and diagnosis and treatment.The problem of the present study was to identify the medical schools of Jalinus and to answer the question of how Jalinos interacted with these schools and what was the Jalinos medical school.Galen used a combination of reason and experience to gain knowledge of medicine and treatment. He believed that different methods of experimentation, experimentation, reasoning and reasoning should be used together in order to know the facts accurately.

The problem of this research is to recognize the status of women's demands in Tehran and their concerns by analyzing their opinions during the period from 1941 to 1953.It also recognizes Tehran's women's reaction to political events and answers to the question of whether women were concerned about political issues other than family and economic issues. This research is a descriptive-analytical method based on documents issued by the National Assembly during the thirteenth and seventeenth (1941-1953), as well as the use of library resources. Investigating pleading documents shows that educated and active women at this time demanded the rights of citizens, including the right to liberty, equality and the right to vote, but housewives and illiterate women, in their submissions, followed suit individually, including defending individual and family rights, civil and financial conflicts They were.