fatemeh cheraghi

Cancers are the second most common cause of death in the world after cardiovascular diseases. Properly using nursing models and theories, such as Neuman Systems Theory, is a significant step in enhancing standards and the quality of patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the nursing process in a patient with colorectal cancer.

This study was conducted on a 53-year-old female patient with colorectal cancer in 2023 at the oncology department of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan, based on Betty Neumans Systems Theory. During data collection through interviews with the patient and her companions, interactions among five variables of the patient (physiological, psychological, social, developmental, spiritual) were examined, and stressors and resources in the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal domains were identified. Nursing diagnoses were established based on Betty Neuman's theory and the perceived stress by the patient at three levels of prevention (primary to tertiary) through alignment with the classification of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (2022-2023), and then nursing interventions were classified and implemented at these three levels of prevention

The results obtained from the study of physiological, psychological, social, developmental, spiritual, and interpersonal variables, as well as external stress factors, identified 16 potential and actual nursing diagnoses related to the type of stressor. This included 9 physiological diagnoses, 5 psychological diagnoses, 2 cultural-social diagnoses, and 2 developmental nursing diagnoses. After identification, interventions related to each diagnosis were recognized and implemented.

Designing and implementing the nursing process based on the Betty Neuman nursing model in chronic patients, especially those with colorectal cancer, can lead to an improved understanding of care needs, appropriate nursing care that is efficient and evidence-based.

The premature infant imposes significant tension and stress on mothers and may affect quality of mothers' sleep. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the effect of kangaroo mother care using the role-playing method on the mother-infant attachment and sleep quality of mothers of premature infants.

 This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 mothers of premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the hospital affiliated to the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from July 2010 to September 2011. The samples were selected by convenience method, then divided into two experimental and control groups by simple random allocation method. Mothers in the experimental group learned kangaroo mother care in two 30-minute sessions using modeling and unique clothing (role-playing). Then,  mothers performed 20-minute kangaroo mother care three times a day. Mothers in the control group performed kangaroo mother care through pamphlets and educational videos. Subjects completed mother-infant attachment and and sleep quality questionnaires before, after, and one week after the intervention. Data analysed by SPSS (version 22).

There was statistically significant difference between the two groups in the mother-infant attachment one day (P<0.011) and one week (P<0.012) after the intervention. Also, a statistically significant difference was ssen between the two groups in the mothers' sleep quality one day (P<0.001) and one week (P<0.002) after the intervention.

Training of kangaroo mother care by role-playing method could be used as a therapeutic technique in the NICU to improve mother-infant attachment and mamtenal sleep quality.

Hyperglycemia can increase anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with type 1 diabetes, and as a result, poor control of the disease and a decrease in the patient's quality of life. The present study aimed to present the nursing process of an adolescent with hyperglycemia based on King's goal achievement model.

In the present case study, the research sample was a teenage client with frequent hyperglycemia who had visited the hospital several times and was hospitalized. For this purpose, sample selection was performed by available sampling from the research community (i.e., teenagers hospitalized in Hamedan Children's Department with hyperglycemia diagnosis). Data collection was performed through the client's file, interview, and observation of the client, family, doctor, and nurse. The nursing process, according to King's goal achievement model, started after the patient accepted the researcher's request on the last day of hospitalization. The stages of the nursing process(i.e., examination, diagnosis of nursing, determination of common goals and prioritization, transaction based on client's preferences, and evaluation of the degree of achievement of goals by the client by comparing before and after in the range of -2 to +2) were performed in the form of qualitative analysis.

The result pointed out that diabetic adolescents did not have a proper understanding of the factors affecting the stability of blood sugar levels in the normal range. Nonetheless, they found the necessary preparation to interact with the nurse by implementing the nursing process and understanding the conditions affecting hyperglycemia. The findings led to 4 nursing diagnoses and 12 care goals. In the evaluation, it was found that after the implementation of the nursing process, the adolescent client was able to experience the stability of the blood sugar level within the normal range.

The nursing process, according to King's model, was able to stabilize the blood sugar level in the normal range in the patient under study. Therefore, it is possible to suggest the nursing process according to King's model in adolescents with type 1 diabetes in order to maintain the blood sugar level in the normal range.

Disease and complications can cause poor quality of life. Self-care provides desirable outcomes in providing, maintaining, and promoting the health of individuals. The Orem model is one of the models that participate in patient care and emphasizes self-care.

This systematic review was conducted by searching Persian articles with the keywords Orem, Self Care, Model/ Theory/ Framework Self Care and Quality of Life invalid Persian databases Google Scholar, SID, IranDoc, IranMedex, and Magiran, and search English articles with the keywords Orem, Self-care, Quality of life and Model/ Theory/ Framework Self-care invalid English databases Elsevier, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Cinahl, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Scopus, It was done in 2013 to 2018.

Initial search of 2206 articles found that after eliminating duplicates and including entry/ exit criteria, finally, 14 articles were aligned with the objectives of this study. Of the articles reviewed, 5 were published in English and 9 in Farsi. Regarding the research environment, 3 articles were conducted in Tehran, 3 in Isfahan, 2 in each of Shiraz, Hamedan, Orumieh, and 1 in Sabzevar and Ahvaz. All articles were original and interventional research studies. In 10 articles, using the Orem self-care model, quality of life increased significantly in all physical, emotional, and social dimensions, which was statistically significant, as in the other four articles, only in two dimensions of quality of life, including physical dimension. Moreover, a significant psychological increase has been observed.

Considering the positive effect of using the Orem self-care model to improve the quality of life of patients, it is recommended that health care providers improve the quality of life of patients by implementing Orem self-care Model.

Leukemia and its treatment is a long process and requires adherence to self-care behaviors. Orem's self-care deficit nursing model provides a framework for the nursing process in this direction, therefore this study aims to apply The nursing process based on Orem's self-care deficit model was performed on a patient with acute myeloid leukemia.

In this case report, the nursing process of a client suffering from acute myeloid leukemia, referred to Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan city in 1401, based on the Orem's self-care deficit model, was presented. Data collection was done by using Orem evaluation form and by examination, interview, and observation methods. Based on the general self-care needs, development, and deviation from the patient's health, nursing diagnoses were determined, then planning and setting goals were done and the type of nursing system used was determined. Finally, nursing actions were performed based on promoting self-care, and the achievement of the patient's goals and progress was evaluated as a factor of self-care.

Based on the recognition of the patient's self-care needs, ten nursing diagnoses were determined, and finally, the implementation of the nursing process based on the Orem model led to an increase in the quality of nursing services along with an increase in the patient's self-care performance regarding the problems caused by his illness, so that improving the patient's self-care ability in relation to pain control, reducing Risk of infection, control of bleeding and improvement of sleep, reduction of fear and dependence, an increase of motivation and self-confidence and sense of independence was observed in the patient.

Orem's self-care deficit model greatly helped to identify and comprehensively understand the patient's needs and facilitated the achievement of care goals by involving the patient in self-care.

Migraine is a chronic disease and the most common type of debilitating headache in children.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-management and headache severity, quality of life and physical activity in children with migraine.

In this cross-sectional study, 200 children with chronic migraine referred to the clinic of Besat Hospital and Imam Khomeini Clinic in Hamadan during the years 2019-2021 were studied. The research tools consisted of questionnaires for demographic information, stages of pain transformation, examining the effect of headache, Kindle quality of life and physical activity. Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test were used to analyze the data. The significance level was at 0.05.

One-way analysis of variance test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of headache self-management and the duration of migraine attacks in terms of headache severity. There was a direct and significant relationship between headache intensity score and quality of life and the number of migraine headache symptoms (P < 0.05)and a significant inverse relationship (P < 0.01)with the number of migraine attacks per month. There was a statistically significant difference between number of migraine episodes in a month and the severity of headache (P < 0.01).

Self-management was not associated with the headache severity, quality of life and physical activity, but severe headache reduced the quality of life and decreased the frequency of symptoms and increased the number of migraine episodes per month.

Nursing profession and field, as a scientific field, needs a scientific basis of which nursing models were and still are. One of the prominent models in nursing is Orem's self-care model. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of applying the nursing process based on the Orem self-care model in patients with tibia fractures.

In this case study, the nursing process of a patient with tibia fracture admitted to Ba'ath Hospital in Hamedan city in 2019 was presented. In the stage of nursing research and recognition, data collection was done based on the "Orem self-care model survey form". Nursing diagnoses were compiled and care goals were determined and nursing measures were taken to achieve the goals. Data analysis was presented using a table.

The findings showed that cases of self-care deficiencies and patient self-care needs decreased after nursing measures based on the Orem self-care model. The findings led to 7 nursing diagnoses and 42 care goals.

Using Orem's self-care model as a framework for diagnosis, choosing the appropriate action and evaluating the results was very useful. It is suggested that nursing theories be applied in all departments and on different patients.

Burn is one of the most debilitating type of trauma. Preparing the patient to find the optimal way to deal with the disease as well as maintaining independence and happiness in life is an essential part of the treatment process for burn patients. The aim of this study was to apply the Callista Roy's adaptation model in the care of burn patients.

This study was a case study that was conducted with the participation of a burn patient hospitalized in the burn ward of Besat Hospital in Hamedan city in 2022. Data were collected using observation, interview and patient documentation and were analyzed in four dimensions, based on the steps of the nursing process in Roy's adaptation model.

The results of the study showed that the patient had compatible and incompatible behaviors in physiological dimensions, adaptation of self-perception, role playing, independence and dependence. However, after nursing care based on Roy's adaptation model, some of these incompatible behaviors decreased. Also, based on the information obtained from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the application of the Roy's adaptation model reduced the patient's anxiety and depression in three stages. So that the overall score of the anxiety and depression questionnaire in the second and third time compared to the first time of completing the questionnaire decreased by 67% and 68%, respectively.

According to the results of the present study, the implementation of the nursing care program based on the Roy adaptation model can be effective on physical and psychological adaptation and reduction of incompatible behaviors in patients with burn injuries.

Training nursing staff with the necessary skills for effective clinical practice, efficient and appropriate care is essential which requires the promotion of nursing education so the aim of comparative comparison of undergraduate nursing education programs in China and Iran.

This descriptive-comparative study was conducted in 1399 with a search in Persian and English databases based on Bereday model in four stages of description, interpretation, proximity and comparison.

Nursing education programs are different in both countries. China's advantages are its attention to international languages from pre-school basis of globalization, communication and internationalization in the philosophy of the discipline and the important place of traditional Chinese medicine courses and  disadvantages: long periods of study, lack of independent nursing, training by physicians, and late bedside. Advantages of Iran: Detailed explanation of all the elements of the course, starting the internship and attending the students' bedside from the beginning of studying and teaching nursing courses by nursing specialists.

Common challenges due to the many similarities between the two countries' education are: student admission through a national exam without an interview, The presence of final year students in the clinic alone and the shortage of nurses due to the aging population, has led to an increase in the number of admissions to universities that require quality assurance. Therefore, it is suggested to plan and implement an appropriate solution for the challenges.

Disability to recognize an emotional state is one of the most important behavioral problems in children with autism severely affects their interactions and consequently their parents' parental competence. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional states on parental competence in children with autism.

The present study is a clinical trial study. Autistic children with autism were block randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Children in the intervention group received ten 45-minute training sessions using 40 images related to four states of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Mothers in both groups completed the questionnaires at the beginning and one day after the intervention.

Emotional state training has improved parental competence in the intervention group. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the total and dimensional score of parental competence between the two groups (P< 0.001).

Teaching emotional states to children with autism improved parental competence in mothers. Accordingly, it is suggested that facial education be placed in the educational priorities of these children.

The disability to recognize emotional and mental states in others’ facial expressions is acknowledged as one of the major developmental-behavioral problems in children with autism. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of facial emotion recognition training on the interaction skills of children with autism.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional facial recognition on the mother-child relationship in children with autism.

The present clinical trial was conducted based on a pre-test post-test design. Children aged 6-12 years with high- or moderate-functioning autism were assigned to two groups using the random block sampling method. Children in the intervention group were trained in 10 45-min sessions each week for 10 weeks using 40 images related to four situations of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. The mother-child relationship questionnaire was completed one day before and one day after the intervention in both groups by the research assistant. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 22.

Emotional state training improved the mother-child relationship in the intervention group. There was also a statistically significant difference between the total scores of the mother-child relationship in the intervention group and the control group (p <0.000).

The findings of this study suggest that teaching facial emotion recognition to children with autism can be very effective in promoting mother-child interaction and consequently, their interaction with society. Health officials can benefit from the findings of this study to improve facial recognition and consequently, the mother-child relationship.

Caring for the children suffering from thalassemia is a stressful experience with various aspects making the mothers face various challenges. Thus, the present study aimed to explain the psychosocial challenges of mothers with thalassemia children based on their lived experience.

In this qualitative study, which was conducted using the phenomenological method, 14 mothers with thalassemia children were selected from two thalassemia treatment centers in Hamadan and Babol (Iran) in 2020 using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected using in‑depth and semi‑structured interviews and were analyzed by van Manen’s phenomenological methodology.

In the first stage of data analysis, 534 initial codes were extracted, which were reduced to 290 by comparison and integration. The primary themes turned into 24 secondary themes after clustering. By comparing the secondary themes, three main themes (i.e., “psychological distress,” “bodily burnout,” and “mothers’ need to empathy and support”) with 7 secondary themes (i.e., “emotional exhaustion,” “mental strain,” “social stigma,” “acute psychosomatic reactions,” “long‑term psychosomatic consequences,” “expectation of family support,” and support needs outside the family) were extracted.

The results indicated that mothers with thalassemia children experience several challenges in various aspects. Therefore, they require care interventions and psychosocial support.

Training experienced and qualified nursing staff to provide health care is an essential and evident issue that requires the improvement of education quality. Comparison of different education systems improves the content and quality of the curriculum. This study aimed to compare the undergraduate nursing education system in Iran and Rajiv Gandhi University in India.

This descriptive-comparative study was conducted in 2020 to compare the undergraduate nursing curriculum in Iran and Rajiv Gandhi University of India. The Bready model was used to compare the two curricula.

Some salient features, including strengthening studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) teamwork and self-directed learning skills and library work were evident in the curriculum of the Rajiv Gandhi University of India. Graduates in India are not allowed to work without an RN license; however, in Iran, they can start working after graduation.

The nursing education system in Iran and the Rajiv Gandhi University of India bear much of a resemblance. It is recommended that in Iran, studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) teamwork and self-directed learning skills be taken into close consideration, and a professional competency test of graduates be held before employment.

Patients with stroke due to the complex and severe nature of the disease, need to implement a thorough and comprehensive nursing care program. The use of nursing models in the patient care process can provide a framework for nurse thinking in examining different patient conditions, better analyzing the situation and organizing thinking for the best decision for the patient. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of influencing the application of the nursing process based on Johnsonchr('39')s behavioral system model in patients with stroke.

In this report, the nursing process of a client with a stroke referred to the neurology clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan in 2021 was presented. Data were collected during the review phase based on the "Johnson Behavioral Model Review Form" by observation, interview, and physical examination. Nursing diagnoses were formulated as sustained and unstable behaviors and care goals were determined and discussed to increase the maintenance of sustained and decreasing behaviors or eliminate unstable behaviors. Nursing procedures were performed and evaluated to achieve the goals. Data analysis was presented using tables.

The results of the study showed that clients for unstable behaviors in the four sub-behavioral systems (dysfunction in the subsystems of aggression and protection, sexual and sexual). Unstable behaviors are reduced after the nursing procedures are designed.

The use of Johnsonchr('39')s behavioral model was very useful and helpful in modifying and correcting unstable behaviors. Therefore, it is suggested that this model be used as a framework for nursing care.

Foot massage is a distraction technique that can be used for directing children's attention away from the painful stimuli during invasive procedures. This study aimed to assess the effect of foot massage on pain intensity among hospitalized preschoolers undergoing venipuncture. Seventy preschoolers were selected using convenience sampling in the present clinical trial, at theinternal pediatric ward of Besat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. They were randomly allocated into the experimental (n=35) and control groups (n=35). The experimental group was received a foot massage 5 minutes before venipuncture. The pain intensity was measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale immediately and two minutes after catheter insertion. Heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation were measured using a pulse oximeter five minutes before, immediately, and two minutes after catheter insertion as pain physiological indicators. The mean±SD of pain intensity in the experimental group and in the control group immediately and two minutes after intravenous catheter insertion were 2.71±1.36 and 1.11±0.86, and 7.54±1.33 and 4.20±1.52, respectively. The mean of pain intensity immediately and two minutes after venipuncture revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p <0.001). The mean of heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation between the two groups were significantly different only immediately after venipuncture (p <0.001). Implications for Practice: This finding is clinically important in nursing care for reducing pain and anxiety as well as decreasing drug-related complications and adverse effects. Instructing and using this method are suggested to medical personnel, especially nurses.

As pain impulses ascend from the spinal cord, the autonomic nervous system is stimulated and leads to changes in physiological parameters. This study aimed to compare the effect of visual and auditory distractions on the physiological parameters during dressing change procedure in children aged 6-12 years.

This blinded clinical trial was conducted using a three-group design. In total, 120 children aged 6-12 years met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to a control, as well as two visual and auditory distraction groups using the randomized block method. The data were collected using the physiological index record sheet and pulse oximetry device. A cartoon and a rhythmic melody were played for each child in the visual and auditory distraction groups, respectively, two minutes before the onset of the dressing to the end of the dressing change. In all three groups, the heart rate and arterial blood oxygen saturation percentage were measured and recorded during and 5 minutes after dressing change. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) through one-way analysis of variance, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post hoc test.

There was a statistically significant difference among the visual, auditory, and control groups regarding the mean heart rate of the children during the dressing changing and 5 minutes later (P˂0.001). Furthermore, the analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a significant difference between the visual and auditory groups in terms of the mean heart rate between the measurement times (P˂0.001). A significant difference was also observed among the visual, auditory, and control groups regarding the mean percentage of arterial blood oxygen saturation in children during dressing change and 5 minutes later (P˂0.001). Analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed a significant difference among the visual, auditory, and control groups in terms of the mean percentage of arterial blood oxygen saturation between the measurement times (P˂0.001).

The use of visual and auditory distractions is a suitable method to reduce the intensity of fluctuations in physiological parameters during dressing change in children with burns. It should be mentioned that out of these two methods, visual distraction was more effective in reducing the intensity of heart rate fluctuations, compared to auditory distraction.

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death, creating huge health-related costs for health care systems. A client who understands the goals of treatment and care in line with their goals and priorities, will be more involved. King's goal attainment theory has addressed this issue. This study was performed to provide a nursing process in a client with acute coronary syndrome based on King's goal attainment Model.

In this case study, a myocardial infarction client with unsuccessful coronary angioplasty and the impossibility of open-heart surgery who was referred to the hospital twice within 10 days due to complications was evaluated. Data were collected through the client's file, observation and interview with the client, family, physician and nurse. The stages of the nursing process, namely, nursing diagnosis, common goals setting and prioritization, transaction based on client preferences, and evaluation of client achievement goals by comparing before and after in the range of 2- to 2+ were performed as a qualitative analysis.

Analyzes showed that although the client did not have a clear understanding of the importance of adherence to health and treatment behaviors, he was willing to interact with the nurse in a step-by step manner. Findings led to 7 nursing diagnoses and 42 caring goals. In the evaluation, the client was able to adhere the treatment well and modify the activities of daily living.

According to the nursing process based on King's goal achievement model, the Acute Coronary Syndrome client was able to act on his prioritized goals by trying to adjust daily activities. It is suggested that the nursing process be used based on King's goal achievement model in clients with acute coronary syndrome.

Computer game addiction may cause health problems, such as changes in body mass index and sleep disorders for children and adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between computer game addiction and body mass index as well as sleep habits of 10-12 years old primary school students in Hamadan.

The present correlational study included 470 students aged 10 to 12 years in primary schools in Hamadan, Iran. The study samples were selected using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data were collected using demographic characteristics form, body mass index, computer game addiction, and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaires. Body mass index was determined by the ​​height and weight values extracted from the health records and classified according to the standard chart of Body Mass Index. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) through independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient.The findings of the present study revealed that the mean±SD scores of computer game addiction, body mass index, and sleep habits of the studied children were estimated at 1.8±0.6, 20.3±5.04, and 50.75±8.4, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient indicated significant relationships between the mean scores of computer game addiction and body mass index (P<0.001), the mean scores of computer game addiction and sleep habits (P<0.001), and also the mean body mass index and sleep habits (P<0.05).

Based on the results, the growth of computer game addiction was positively associated with body mass index and sleep disorders in children aged 10 to 12 years. Moreover, moderate and severe computer game addiction was associated with overweight and poor sleep habits in students, especially the feeling of drowsiness during the day. Therefore, pediatric nurses, parents, the education system, and health care providers have to pay more attention to the students’ health and examine the factors that affect the students’ physical and mental wellbeing.

 Proper use of nursing models and theories is an important step in improving patient care standards and quality of life. The growing trend of kidney failure and subsequent kidney transplantation in the country shows the importance of creating a proper structure in nursing patient care for transplant patients and recognizing the stressors that affect these patients.

 This study aimed to investigate the ability of the Betty Neuman model to provide a comprehensive model for nursing care of clients undergoing kidney transplantation.

 This clinical and clinical study was performed on the client of the kidney transplant candidate based on the application of Betty Neuman system theory. During the data collection, the interactions between the client’s five variables were examined and the stressors and resources in the internal, inter, and extra-individual domains were identified. Nursing diagnoses were created in accordance with the North American International Nursing Diagnostics Association (2018 - 2018) classification, and then nursing interventions were designed and implemented at three levels of prevention.

 The results of the study of physiological, psychological, social, evolutionary, and spiritual variables, as well as interpersonal and extra-individual stressors, were 7 potential and actual nursing diagnoses.

 Designing and applying a nursing process based on this model is a holistic and systematic attitude toward the client that requires proper, efficient, and evidence-based nursing care but increases the need for nursing human resources.

The prevalence of Diabetes type 2 has been increased significantly during recent years. So, prevention is necessary from adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HBM- based education on preventive behaviors of Diabetes type 2 in male adolescences.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on 208 secondary school students of Hamadan city (104 students in an experimental group and the rest in a control group) in 2018, who were selected using the stratified-proportional sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire. Afterward, educational intervention was implemented in the experimental group based on HBM in four 45-60 minute sessions. After one month, the data were recollected from the two groups and analyzed using Chi-square Tests, t-tests and linear regression by SPSS software version 16.

The mean age of the students was 13.22 ± 1.40 in the intervention group, and 13.55 ± 0.63 in the control group (p>0.05). Comparing the scores of awareness, HBM constructs, and student’s preventive practices revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups at the beginning of the study (P>0.05). However, after the intervention, significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of awareness, the HBM constructs, and student’s preventive practices (p<0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy was the most important independent predictor of type-2 diabetes-preventative behavior (P<0.05).

HBM-based education was effective in promoting the type-2 diabetes prevention behaviors in students. Therefore, it can be used to train secondary school students.

The effects that smartphones have had on the control of chronic diseases such as diabetes in recent years have taken self-care to a new level. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and dimensions of virtual self-care of diabetic children in Hamadan.

In the present quasi-experimental study, 92 children aged 10-18 years with type 1 diabetes, and one of the parents referred to the Diabetes Clinic in Hamadan were studied. The telephone numbers of all samples of the experimental group were added to the virtual group. A self-care questionnaire for a child with diabetes was completed before and after the study for both groups. Paired t-test and chi-square were used to analyze the data under Stata 11 software.

There was a significant relationship between weight and knowledge of insulin before the intervention (P = 0.003), weight and physical activity after the intervention (P = 0.032), and maternal knowledge with knowledge of insulin after the intervention (P = 0.014).

Demographic characteristics can affect the empowerment of children with diabetes in four areas: how to measure blood sugar, follow insulin therapy, and follow a diet plan and physical activity.

Burn is one of the most common events in childhood. Pain relief in burn patients helps to stabilize the patientchr('39')s hemodynamic parameters. This study aimed to investigate the effect of visual aberration on dressing replacement pain in children aged 6-12 years.

In this one-blind clinical trial with a control group, 80 children aged 6-12 years admitted to the burn ward of Besat Hospital in Hamadan were selected by Available sampling method and then randomly divided into two groups of control and visual aberration. Data were collected using a demographic profile checklist and Usher pain tool. In the visual distraction group, a cartoon of a cat and mouse was broadcast from two minutes before the end of the dressing. In both groups, pain intensity was measured and recorded 10 minutes before dressing, at intervals of two minutes during dressing, and 5 minutes after dressing. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and one-way analysis of variance and analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results showed that no significant differences were found in the demographic characteristics of children and parents between the two groups of visual distraction and control (P˃0.05). The mean scores of pain intensity at all measurement times between the two groups of visual distraction and The control had a statistically significant difference and in general, the pain intensity score in children in the visual distraction group was lower than the control group (P <0.001).

In general, the results showed that the visual distraction method is effective in reducing the severity of burn pain in children.

Patients with multiple sclerosis need a comprehensive nursing care program because of the chronic and complex nature of the disease. Nursing models can provide a framework and goals for the nursing process to provide more effective and comprehensive clinical care. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applying nursing process based on Johnson Behavioral Model on improving stable behaviors client with multiple sclerosis (MS).

In this case study, the nursing process was presented by a client with multiple sclerosis who met the MS criteria in Hamadan in 2019. In the Nursing assessment and Recognition phase, data were collected based on the "Johnson Behavioral Model scale" by observation, interview and physical examination. Data sources were the client herself, her family, physician, and medical record and MS staff. Nursing diagnoses were formulated as stable and unstable behaviors. And caring goals were set and shared with the client to increase stable behaviors and reduce or eliminate unstable behaviors. Nursing measures were performed and evaluated to achieve the goals. Data analysis was presented using the table.

The results of the study showed that the client had unstable behaviors in four behavioral subsystems (inefficiency in, Aggressive- protective, Elimination, restorative and sexual subsystems). Unstable behaviors decreased after planned nursing measures.

Johnson's behavioral model was useful in modifying and correcting the unstable behavior. So providing care based on nursing models, can increase the quality of care and client satisfaction.

A review of the nursing education program using the results of comparative studies and research is required to prepare graduates to attend a changing healthcare environment. The present study aims to compare Iran's nursing education program with South Korea at the undergraduate level.

 This study was performed by a descriptive-comparative method using the "Jorj F Berdy" approach in four stages of description, interpretation, coherence, and comparison, during which the main elements and important indicators of the curriculum in the selected faculties were analyzed. After comparing the indicators and extracting the strengths of the South Korean nursing training program, practical suggestions were presented to improve the nursing expert education system.

Establishment of human relations courses, health care for a multicultural society, analysis and clinical reasoning, nursing understanding of traditional classical medicine in accordance with the objectives of the curriculum, along with the use of new teaching methods, vertical integration of courses and also the use of tests The international standard in the evaluation system is evident in South Korea's nursing education program.

A comparison of the expert training program of nursing in Iran and South Korea shows that along with the commonalities, there are some differences that can be used to improve the country's nursing education system. Conducting interviews to assess the communication ability and level of interest of people before entering the field of nursing, coordination between goals and educational content, as well as empowering students in critical and creative thinking and using new educational approaches are the strengths of nursing education program it is considered South Korea.

At the onset of aging, people gradually lose some of their physical, psychological and social functions. Mental health and emotional status seem to be the most important factors in predicting the level of performance of the elderly, and improving the mental and emotional state of the elderly helps them maintain their optimal social performance despite physical problems. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama on social adjustment and subjective well-being in the elderly. The research was a quasi-experimental included pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was the elderly of daily nursing homes of Tehran in 2019 to 2020. Having Completed Bell’s Social Adjustment Inventory, Diner’s Life Satisfaction Scale and the Lubmirsky & Leper’s Actual happiness scale, 30 elderlies with the lowest score in each item were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group receive ten 90-minute sessions of psychodrama training, and the control group did not receive any intervention at the same time. The results of Univariate Covariance Analysis (ANCOVA) showed significant positive effect of psychodrama on the subjective well-being of the elderly, but its effect on social adjustment of the elderly was not significant. Based on the findings of this study, psychodrama could be used as an appropriate method to increase the well-being of the elderly as psychodrama allowed people through role-playing to release their thoughts, hidden motivation and emotional states such as anger, sadness and happiness. 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