fatemeh dehghani

Providing a clear and practical definition of advocacy would help nurse increase their involvement in advocacy and preserving the patients’ rights. This study deepens the understanding of the features of advocacy among Muslim nurses.

This study was conducted using the qualitative content analysis approach. The data were gathered through conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of 18 nurses and they were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach.

The main characteristics of patient advocacy include protecting the religious aspect of care (avoiding treatments that are contrary to the religious beliefs of patients, and paying attention to religious issues in the care of unconscious patients), providing dignified care (being non-judgmental, providing patient comfort using methods appropriate to their religion, maintaining patients’ privacy, and respecting patient’s cultural and religious values), and giving hope to the patient (reminding patient’s sources of strength and hope, and paying attention to the patient’s concerns).

In this study, the main characteristics of patient advocacy from the point of view of Muslim nurses have been determined. The results of this study will help Muslim nurses to understand more deeply what they should do to help their patients.

Birth weight is a crucial indicator of infant health. In Iran, child growth monitoring for children under six years old is integrated into the healthcare system. However, existing growth charts have limitations in accurately representing preterm infants.

This study was conducted to determine the frequency of postnatal growth retardation and its causes in preterm infants from hospitalization to six months after birth.

After informing parents, we recruited 255 preterm singleton infants born at the Afzalipour Medical Education and Health Center in Kerman, Iran, over one year. The Fenton growth chart was used to compare the anthropometric characteristics of the infants at birth, and at ages 7, 14, and 28 days, and then monthly up to 6 months. A special questionnaire also recorded the type of feeding, length of hospital stay, use of mechanical ventilation and oxygen, duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and associated causes and complications.

The mean Z-score weights at birth, discharge, one month, three months, and six months were -0.34, -1.19, -0.85, -0.94, and -1.79, respectively. The mean Z-score heights at birth, discharge, one month, three months, and six months were 0.74, 0.20, -0.07, -0.79, and -2.5, respectively. Additionally, the mean Z-scores for head circumference at birth, discharge, one month, and three months were 0.41, -0.19, -0.53, and -1.17, respectively. Deviation from the Fenton preterm growth chart was detected in 109 infants (42.7%) at the time of discharge, 79 infants (31%) at one month, 82 infants (32.2%) at three months, and 134 infants (52.5%) at six months of age.

The weight at discharge and the length of NPO [due to surgical problems, feeding intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), etc.] were significantly inversely related. Preterm infants grow more slowly in hospitals, so their longitudinal growth data should be interpreted carefully. The incidence of postnatal growth failure can be reduced by improving NICU quality, optimizing nutrition, and increasing enteral feeding rates.

River flow prediction is one of the key issues in the management and planning of water resources, in particular the adoption of proper decisions in the event of floods and droughts. To predict the flow rate of rivers, various approaches have been introduced in hydrology, the most important of which are the intelligent models. In this study, a hybrid, model Firefly Algorithm- support vector machine, was applied to estimate the discharge of Dez river basin based on the daily discharge statistics provided by the hydrometric stations located at the upstream of the dam during the statistical period (2002-2022) and its performance was compared with the support vector machine model. The correlation coefficients, root mean square error, and mean absolute error was used for evaluation and a comparison of the performance of models. The results showed that the hybrid structures presented acceptable outcomes in the modeling of river discharge. A comparison of models also showed that the hybrid model of Firefly Algorithm-support vector machine has a better performance in forecasting the flow. In conclusion, the use of the FA-SVM model could be effective in estimating flood peak discharge.

The expansion of the use of the Internet and virtual networks among teenagers has provided a platform for exposure to some cyber violence. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of internet addiction, internet roaming and social exclusion in the relationship between social support and cyberbullying among second year high school students in Shiraz using path analysis method.

Research, application and the method of collecting and analyzing its data is descriptive of the correlation type. The research population is the students of the second year of high school in Shiraz city in the academic year of 2001-2011. 381 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and answered a self-report questionnaire consisting of internet victimization and internet harassment subscales, perceived social support questionnaire, internet addiction scale, internet roaming scale and social exclusion questionnaire. . The data were analyzed using path analysis method and Imus software.
 

According to the findings, internet addiction, internet roaming and social deprivation play a mediating role in relation to cyber immorality.

If students have social support from family, friends, and important others, they will be less likely to be cyber-bullied in the face of cyberspace harm.

Academic competence beliefs, including self-concept and self-efficacy, are effective predictors of educational outcomes. Of course, there is little knowledge about the role of these beliefs in science. So far, no structural relationship between competence beliefs and educational antecedents and outcomes has been studied for science in Iran. The present study investigated those relationships using structural equation modeling for 920 Iranian students. The results showed that the correlation between academic self-efficacy and academic self-concept in science is equal to 0.47, which indicates the separability of academic competence beliefs factors in science. science academic self-efficacy was more strongly influenced by the inquiry learning opportunities as an antecedent. The science academic self-concept was a better predictor of future-oriented motivation and career aspirations, while self-efficacy is a better predictor of students' current abilities in science. Inquiry-based educational class activities, positive and personal feedback provided by science teachers, and creating opportunities for students to participate in laboratory experiences can help strengthen academic competence beliefs in science. We propose the science educational design according to constructivism, the development of hands-on activities in schools, and the design of participation-based classroom activities by science teachers, in order to strengthen students' academic self-concept and self-efficacy. This reinforcement will have consequences such as the development of scientific literacy and the creation of positive career aspirations and motivations.

The Achievement of sustainable rural development necessitates active participation of all stakeholders within these communities. Among the crucial components for progress and development in rural areas is the enhancement of manpower skills. Recognizing significant involvement of rural women in village production activities, growth of tourism in these regions presents a new opportunity for their engagement in development, thereby underscoring the importance of their empowerment. Empowerment has emerged as a fundamental aspect of sustainable development, wherein augmenting women's capacity and control over resources can be facilitated through tourism development. This research aimed to assess the role of community-based tourism in the economic, social, and cultural empowerment of women residing in the coastal villages of Bushehr Province. This study adopted a practical research approach with survey-based data collection. The research population comprised the residents of coastal villages in Bushehr Province. The sample size for this study was determined to be 400 individuals using Cochran’s formula. Statistical analysis, employing the one-sample T-test and utilizing AMOS and SPSS software, was conducted. The theoretical framework and the results of the statistical analysis employed in this research demonstrated the positive impact of tourism development on the economic, social, and cultural empowerment of women in the coastal villages of Bushehr Province. 

Social science experts emphasize that sustainable rural development cannot be achieved without the active participation of all stakeholders, particularly in the economic and social realms. Consequently, development of human resource skills emerges as a critical component for progress and growth in rural communities. Developed human resources can be regarded as an indispensable factor and prerequisite for attaining sustainable rural development.In line with the principle of equity in sustainable development, all beneficiaries, especially local residents, should have the opportunity to participate in decisions that affect their lives and enjoy the benefits of development. Given the active involvement of rural women in village production activities, emergence of tourism in these areas, and creation of new avenues for their participation in development, the significance of focusing on women's empowerment becomes increasingly apparent. Empowerment has now become a fundamental concern in the realm of sustainable development. As a service sector and a branch of sustainable development, tourism possesses the potential to empower communities.Empowerment primarily targets vulnerable groups in the society, who have experienced social exclusion, thus being deprived of full participation in a broader society through various means. Extensive studies indicate that women are considered a vulnerable and marginalized social group, often lacking control over resources and access to equal opportunities and positions. Research has demonstrated that the entire society benefits when women are supported and empowered.Development theorists view empowerment as an effective strategy for reducing gender inequalities in terms of capacities, resource access, opportunities, and a pathway to sustainable development. By enhancing women's power and control over resources, tourism development can play a crucial role in empowering women. Women's participation in tourism brings numerous benefits, including economic development in marginalized areas, sustainable utilization of natural resources, and heightened local control over development. Accordingly, this research aimed to evaluate the role of community-based tourism in the economic, social, and cultural empowerment of women residing in the coastal villages of Bushehr Province. 

This research was of an applied nature, employing a descriptive-analytical implementation method and utilizing survey-based data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of residents living in the coastal villages of Bushehr Province. The sample size determined using Cochran's formula was 400 individuals. To analyze the data, both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed within the AMOS and SPSS software environment. The study area for this research encompassed 45 coastal villages within Bushehr Province. 

The literature highlights that tourism activities implemented with a community-based approach and local community participation bring about numerous economic and socio-cultural benefits to rural communities. Experts suggest that along with the establishment and expansion of this type of tourism, changes in social relations within the host society and transformations in social network connections can be anticipated. Ultimately, these developments contribute to the economic and social empowerment of rural residents. Table of standardized factor loadings and t-statistics between variablesVariable Components Standardized load factor Amount of tSignificance level Cronbach's alpha Rank Result Empowerment Economical 0.779--0,9521Optimal social 0.7126,129***2Optimal cultural 0,6215,102***3Optimal  The table above demonstrates that the t-statistics values for enablers and their components are significant, surpassing 1.96. Hence, it can be inferred that the enablers can be divided into three subsets or sub-components. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire is 0.952, exceeding the threshold of 0.7, indicating a favorable level of construct reliability. All criteria, including Cronbach's alpha and significance of factor loadings between the questions and underlying variables, confirm suitability of the measurement model. 

The theoretical framework of this research based on the sustainable development approach coupled with the findings derived from the statistical analysis revealed the positive impact of tourism development on the economic, social, and cultural empowerment of women residing in the coastal villages of Bushehr Province. These results signified that community-based tourism in the region had successfully generated women's interest in village development, fostering group activities, cooperation, and interpersonal interaction. Furthermore, it had improved public perception regarding women's contributions to the tourism sector, leading to their active participation in village public meetings, problem-solving endeavors, communal responsibilities, consensus-building, and consultations on village-related matters. Moreover, women had played a crucial role in safeguarding village tourism attractions, fostering empathy and unity, managing their own affairs, enhancing their understanding of village tourism issues, promoting local attractions to others, and encouraging acquisition of necessary skills for engaging in tourism activities. Ethical Considerations:All study participants provided informed consent and the researchers assured them of complete confidentiality and anonymity in relation to the study results. Authors' Contributions:All authors have made equal contributions to the study, including involvement in the study design, data analysis, interpretation, and final approval of the article. Conflicts of Interest:The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

This study aimed to determine nitrate levels in water wells supplying drinking water in Taft city, Iran, and assess the associated health risks using the method proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency.

In 2021, the average annual nitrate levels were determined in 48 drinking water wells which were located in Zone 39 (Taft city). Health risk assessment and sensitivity analysis were conducted to identify the most influential variables.

The mean nitrate content in  the water wells under study was 32.88 ± 18 mg/L. Out of the 48 examined water wells, 10 had nitrate levels higher than the standard value (50 mg/L) established by the Iranian Institute of Standardization (Standard No. 1053) and WHO. The calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ) for children and adolescents was greater than 1, while it was less than 1 for adults. Nitrate concentration in drinking water was found to be the most important influencing variable in the calculated HQ for children and adolescents.

The results indicated that children and adolescents’ health in the studied area is at risk, and appropriate measures must be implemented to avoid and control the exposure of these vulnerable groups; they can be continuous monitoring of nitrate levels using on-site treatment methods where nitrate concentrations exceed the standard level, and decommissioning wells with high nitrate levels.

There is a concern about exposure to bio-aerosols due to their harmful health effects. Bio-aerosols in surgery environment can potentially cause infection in susceptible and unsusceptible patients. The present study aimed to evaluate bacterial and fungal densities and species in surgery rooms in an educational hospital in Shiraz. A total of 168 samples were collected. Active sampling was done by using a single-stage Anderson sampler on plates including blood agar and sabouraud dextrose agar for 10 minutes for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The mean densities of fungi and bacteria were respectively 233.23±2.024 and 232.6±1.383 CFU/m3 before sterilization compared to 233.01±2.041 and 233.57±1.324 CFU/m3 after sterilization of the surgery rooms. No significant difference was observed between the densities of bacteria and fungi before and after sterilization in all surgery rooms (P>0.05). However, it was a significant difference between the total densities of bio-aerosols after sterilization compared to the suggested value. The density of bio-aerosols was greater than 30 CFU/m3 (P<0.01) in 100% of the cases, but did not exceed 500 CFU/m3 in any of the cases (P<0.01 in 71.42% of the cases). Moreover, Penicillium, Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus were the most common fungi and gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, were the most dominant types of bacteria in surgery rooms. Quantitative and qualitative findings of this study revealed high densities of bacteria and fungi in surgery rooms. Thus, effective strategies have to be proposed to control bio-aerosols and their related health effects.

Missed nursing care is a global concern. Nursing managers, using leadership skills, have a prominent role in preventing missed nursing care. Ethical leadership approach can improve the quality of care. The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of ethical leadership perceived by nurses on missed nursing care.

In this cross-sectional study, 230 nurses working in internal medicine and surgery units were selected through stratified random sampling from two hospitals affiliated to Yazd University of Medical Sciences/Iran. Questionnaires of “ethical leadership in nursing” and “missed nursing care” were the data collection tools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis with SPSS16.

The mean score of missed nursing care and perceived ethical leadership was 47.54±2.83 and 109.08 ± 10.75, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between perceived ethical leadership and missed nursing care (P <0.05).

Implementing ethical leadership is one of the practical strategies to decrease missed nursing care and consequently increase the care quality and increase patient satisfaction. The participation and performance of nursing managers in this process is critical to a successful outcome.

MiRNAs play an important role in various pathophysiological processes in cells and controlling the process of apoptosis in sperm. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the expression of miR34c and miR15b, the quality of sperm parameters and the rate of sperm DNA breakage in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia infertile individuals.

This study was conducted on 25 patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia who had referred to Jihad University Infertility Treatment Center in Qom. 25 fertile people have been selected as the control group. After collecting sperm samples, sperm parameters were analyzed according to the World Health Organization (WHO 2010). The amount of sperm DNA breakage was checked using the SCD technique. The expression levels of miR34c and miR15b were measured using the Rael-time PCR technique.

According to the obtained results, sperm parameters such as concentration, motility and morphology of sperm in infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermia individuals show a significant decrease compared to fertile individuals (P<0.05) and the rate of sperm DNA breakage in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia individuals increases. It was significant (P<0.05). Correlation test revealed that there is a significant correlation between sperm variables including concentration, motility, normal morphology, sperm DNA breakage rate and the expression level of miR34c and miR15b.

Our findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the expression of miR34c, miR15b, sperm parameters and sperm DNA health. In fact, these results can provide new insights for the diagnosis of male infertility at the molecular level.

Behavioral problems in children are a common and debilitating issue that is often linked with social problems. These problems can arise from various factors such as biological, environmental, and family factors. The family factors can be long-term parenting or the transfer of child behavioral problems to the next developmental period. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two methods for addressing children's behavioral problems. These methods are positive parenting program education and bibliotherapy with a schema approach.

This study was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study with a control group. The statistical population of this study comprised male students aged seven to ten years in schools located in the second district of Kerman in 1398. Forty-five individuals were selected through The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) using an available sampling method, and then randomly divided into three groups of fifteen individuals each. Two experimental groups received different treatments, including positive parenting group training and bibliotherapy with a schema approach, while one group acted as a control group. The mothers of these children were invited to participate in the study. Positive parenting sessions were conducted in eight sessions of ninety minutes, and bibliotherapy was performed in four sessions of sixty minutes for the mothers of these children. The Aachenbach Children Behavior List (CBCL) was completed by the mothers of all three groups after the treatments. The SPSS20 software and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data.

After performing the analysis of covariance, it was found that both interventions were effective in treating behavioral problems. However, the positive parenting group training was significantly more effective than the bibliotherapy method.

These two methods are effective strategies for developing psychotherapy plans for children with behavioral problems, based on the results of the study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a crisis in health care systems such that the treatment/care of patients 19 faced big challenges. This study aims to investigate the challenges related to treatment/care of patients hospitalized in Forgani Hospital in Qom, Iran.

This study was conducted using the qualitative content analysis approach in 2020 Forgani Hospital in Qom, Iran. Eleven patients with COVID-19 were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data collection tool was in-depth semi-structured interview. Data analysis was done using the conventional content analysis method.

The results of content analysis led to identification of three main themes including lack of disease knowledge, human recourse and equipment shortage, and individual-family and social concerns.

Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Qom face various challenges due to the unknown etiology of the disease, lack of experience and sufficient medical staff, and personal and family concerns. Therefore, it is recommended to make proper planning for the management and control of pandemics in the future.

Extended Abstract The conscious presence of people in the scene of tourism activities through the principle of organic connection between sustainable development and sustainable tourism is one of the main indicators of sustainable development. Today, community-based tourism is referred to as CBT. In fact, CBT is a type of alternative tourism that focuses on capacity building and empowerment of local people as tools to achieve community development.This type of tourism is based on a collaborative approach, it facilitates the active participation of the community in tourism planning, increases mutual relations between tourists and the community, and preserves the cultural and natural heritage of the region. Part of rural tourism is related to the villages around the city, which have always played an essential role due to their historical, natural, recreational attractions and as second homes, and because of this role, they have had a different position. Some villages of peri-urban have a good position due to their capacities and tourist attractions. This position is due to the effects of tourism development. A better understanding of these effects can lead to the development of these villages and cities in the area of influence. City-village interactions are carried out in various forms and processes. As a result, part of these interactions is the role and performance of villages. Peri-urban villages always have more interactions and connections with urban areas due to their location and spatial location. In this context, the villages that have a superior role and performance always act under the influence of this role, not only their development and expansion is influenced by this role, but its interactions with urban areas are also dependent on this issue. Since the host communities play an important role in the implementation of tourism programs. Therefore, their participation in the sustainable tourism planning process is essential. The main focus of community-based tourism is on the participation of local communities in the development and planning processes of sustainable tourism. Community- tourism is known as a suitable model of sustainable development, which seeks to maximize socio-cultural and economic benefits and minimize negative environmental effects. In line with this type of tourism, the empowerment and development of local communities is considered important and key. Community-based tourism leads to the long-term sustainability of tourism through the economic benefit of the destination from tourism in addition to preserving the natural, social, cultural and economic environment. Also, community-based tourism is a method of profit flow among all those who are affected by tourism. In fact, this type of tourism, the tourist as a part of the society has a reciprocal relationship with the society and leads to the growth of knowledge and development in the local society. The results obtained in this research showed that these results are consistent with the objectives of community-based tourism including economic, socio-cultural, institutional and conservation aspects. Based on this, the aim of this research is to evaluate and measure the effects of community-basedtourism on the development of settlements in coastal villages around Bushehr city. The nature of this applied research; its implementation method is descriptive-analytical; And its type is survey. Residents of the coastal villages of Bushehr city constitute the statistical population of this research. The statistical sample of this research was determined by Cochran's formula to the number of 400 people. The required data collection was done using documentary and field methods, and the field method is based on questionnaires. Reliability The questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.95. In this research, in order to analyze the data, statistical methods (descriptive and analytical) have been used in AMOS, SPSS software environment. The study area of the current research is the settlements of coastal villages around Bushehr city. Since the present research was conducted in the rural areas of Bushehr, and according to their location and spatial location, rural villages always have more interactions and connections with urban areas. The results indicate that from the economic aspect, Community-based rural tourism helps to improve the livelihood of the local community in peri-urban settlements through financial and non-financial benefits from tourism activities. Also, from a social point of view, community-based tourism should lead to the preservation of cultural values and traditions, strengthen cohesion and cooperation in the society, and lead to an increase in the self-confidence and pride of the society. . The focus of community-based rural tourism is on the protection of the environment and culture, which provides the sustainability of community-based rural tourism. The results show that there is no difference between people's views on the role of tourism in peri-urban village. The result is that tourism, by playing a role in peri-urban village, in addition to creating various effects in the village from the economic, social and physical point of view, has also transformed some interactions of rural-urban links. From an institutional point of view, it was effective in empowering women and increasing the confidence and belief of the young generation for entrepreneurship and financial independence, and finally, considering that the protection of natural resources is also one of the other basic goals of community-based tourism development. Paying attention to the environment and protection of natural resources is considered with the expansion of this type of tourism, and if rural communities in the form of people's institutions take the lead in identifying and prioritizing their basic needs along with facilitating government institutions, this can be a lot. To make programs and activities efficient and effective .Therefore, the results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between community-based tourism and the development of coastal villages around Bushehr in economic, social, cultural, institutional and environmental terms.Keywords: community-based tourism, rural settlements, coastal villages, peri-urban

Standard weather station evaluates air-temperature which is a major descriptor of earth environmental condition. Estimation of average daily temperature is one of the main perquisites for agricultural programming and water resource management which is possible by empirical, quasi-empirical and intelligent methods. This study evaluates the application of wavelet neural network (WNN) to estimate the average daily air-temperature in Sari weather station and also compares its efficiency with artificial neural network (ANN). We used thermograph data of Sari weather station for modeling. Relative humidity, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, wind velocity and daily evaporation were considered as network input and air-temperature was considered as network output for the years 2010 to 2020 years. Criteria including correlation coefficient, root mean square error (RMSE), NashSutcliffe (NS) coefficient were used to evaluate and comparison the models efficiency. Results showed that WNN model had better performance than ANN for modeling with the coefficient of determination 0.999, RMSE 0.001 and NS 0.998. In conclusion, results showed reliability of WNN model in estimation of air-temperature.

“Model” is one of the most important concepts in science, and modeling is an essential skill in science education. This qualitative research aimed to explore the modeling skills of secondary high school students in science, including physics, chemistry, and biology. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were used to explore the relationship between meta-modeling knowledge, on the one hand, and content knowledge of physics, chemistry, and biology and the level of meta-modeling learning (modeling competence) in 10 secondary high school science students in Iran. Even though the official science curriculum in Iran does not include scientific modeling skills, all the interviewees showed low levels of modeling competencies. The level of modeling skills was not related to content knowledge and subject matter (i.e., physics, chemistry, and biology), but the way to use models and the purpose of using them depended on content knowledge. The findings showed that the role of scientific models in science education was neglected in the science curriculum. Despite the limited and implicit use of models by students to describe, hypothesize, argue, and predict phenomena, students had little knowledge about those models since meta-modeling skills were not included as part of the learning objectives in science courses (i.e., physics, chemistry, and biology). To improve students’ modeling skills, it is recommended that students be supported in the classroom while employing models and be provided with more learning opportunities for modeling. Furthermore, teachers should be encouraged to pay more attention to the role of models in science learning and education. Also, science curriculum developers need to include modeling skills in the curriculum. Implementing the above recommendations can help students develop their modeling skills manifested in improved scientific reasoning, prediction, and problem-solving.

One of the effective factors in rural development is the development of tourism; because the development of tourism can play an effective role in improving the economic situation of villages by creating new employment and income opportunities. Tourism, as one of the industries, is one of the sectors with very high economic growth in the world, especially in developing countries. Tourism is one of the special strategies of rural development to bring foreign currency and create jobs and support all-round growth. It is considered as a basic strategy because of the significant effects that tourism activities have on the economy of regions that receive tourists. Especially community-oriented tourism, which is referred to as CBT, this type of tourism is based on a participatory approach, community-oriented tourism facilitates the active participation of the community in tourism planning, increases mutual relations between tourists and the community, and the heritage preserves the cultural and natural environment of the region. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of community-oriented tourism in the development of coastal villages in Tangestan city from the perspective of the local community.

The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical and its type is survey. Residents of the coastal villages of Tangestan constitute the statistics of this research. The statistical sample of this research was determined by Cochran's formula to the number of 400 people. The results of the research show that the tourism community plays a role in the economic, social, cultural and environmental development of the coastal villages of Tangestan.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an immensely transmissible viral infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the indoor air, on the surfaces, and on the fomites of a COVID-19 referral hospital in Shiraz, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, indoor air sampling was conducted utilizing a standard midget impinger containing 15 ml of viral transfer medium (VTM) equipped with a sampling pump with a flow rate of 10 L min-1 for 60 minutes. Surfaces and fomites were sampled using sterile polyester swabs. The realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was utilized to detect SARS-CoV-2. The RNA of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in about 41.2% indoor air and 32% swab samples. Four out of the six (66.7%) indoor air samples up to a distance of 2 meters from the patient’s bed in intensive care units (ICU-1, ICU-3), accident and emergency (A&E-2), and negative pressure rooms were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. All air samples within 2 to 5 meters of the patient’s bed were negative. This study’s results did not support the airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission; However, it showed contamination of surfaces and fomites in the studied hospital’s wards.

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in diabetic patients can result in an atypical presentation of cardiovascular disease that can be missed. We aimed to use single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to assess cardiovascular disease (CAD) in diabetic patients with atypical pain to determine whether the pain above reflects the CAD. 

Diabetic patients with atypical cardiac symptoms were referred to the SPECT department. Demographic data such as age, gender, diabetes status, and other underlying diseases were gathered. A myocardial perfusion scan was then performed. The results were recorded to evaluate the risk of myocardial ischemia and the degree of coronary artery involvement in a non-invasive manner. 

The study included 222 (177 female) subjects with mean ages of 63.01±11.62 and 59.41±9.19 in positive and negative SPECT, respectively. The most common symptoms were atypical chest pain (51.8%), followed by shortness of breath (50.5%), nausea, and syncope (0.9%). Cardiac parameters, such as the summed stress score (SSS), summed rest score (SRS), total perfusion deficit in stress (TPD-s), total perfusion deficit in rest (TPD-r), were significantly higher in the group with coronary artery involvement (P<0.001). However, ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and end-systolic volumes (ESV) parameters were not (P=.0.328, 0.351, and 0.443, respectively).

The mere presence of diabetes does not necessitate any additional diagnostic tests beyond those required for the general population, and it is possible to follow a diagnostic course similar to that of the general population.

On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 as a public health emergency. In the present study, we compared the preventative and therapeutic strategies and the success rates of Iran and Switzerland during the COVID-19 outbreak.Materialsand

This study was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. In addition, the official documents of developed countries and WHO from 1st February until 15th May 2020 were studied. Relevant documents were reviewed in detail, and vital data were extracted.

Both countries have restriction policies to reduce the infection rate in the prevention setting. These policies, such as the recommendation to all citizens to stay home unless necessary, army participation, and non-face-to-face counseling, were surveyed by similar techniques in both countries. Some policies were implemented in both countries with different protocols. These policies, including social distancing practices, smart distancing methods, business activities, border closures, border controls, and restrictions, travel restrictions, testing and screening for infection and fever, and decreased working hours, were performed in both countries. In the treatment setting, the therapeutic strategy used in Iran consisted of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine phosphate and anti-viral drugs. Switzerland followed the guidelines of the European countries. The infection rate, recovery rate, and death rate were 0.139%, 78.73%, and 5.91% in Iran, while these rates were 0.352%, 88.81%, and 6.15% in Switzerland, respectively.

Due to the lack of special treatment for the disease, prevention must be considered the most important factor in policymaking. Importantly, observing social distance is the most effective method among the preventative strategies. The capacity of the health care systems to provide optimal services and facilities is an important factor for patients ‘recovery

Introduction:

 The aim of present study was the comparison and the investigation of the association of incidence and severity of exercise-induced injuries among various genotypes of ACTN3 in Iranian male elite weightlifters.

Materials and Methods:

 In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elite male weightlifters participated. Fuller et al. (2006) Sports Injury Registration Questionnaire was used for data collection. After DNA extraction via using saliva samples of individuals, to assess the genotypes, PCR, electrophoresis and finally Tetra ARMs were performed. Kruskal-Wallis test via SPSS version 21 was used to compare the incidence and severity of different injuries among different genotypes of ACTN3 R577X polymorphism rs1815739 (α=0.05).

Results:

 There is a significant difference among different genotypes in the severity of muscle spasm, rupture, and strain injuries in elite Iranian male weightlifters (P<0.05) (higher severity of injuries in CT and TT genotypes). In contrast, no significant difference was observed among different genotypes in the percentage of frequency of various sports injuries in different parts of the body and the severity of other sports injuries in elite Iranian male weightlifters(P>0.05).

Conclusion:

 Candidate weightlifters with the CC genotype of the ACTN3 gene may be more resistant to exercise-induced muscle injuries in strength and power sports such as weightlifting, which may increase their chances of success in these sports (in contrast to athletes with TT and CT genotype). These results can be useful in identifying people who are prone to success or providing more specific training programs for people prone to injury in sports such as weightlifting.

Nursing students, as future nurses, play a major role in improving the health of the society. By adopting a health-promoting lifestyle, they can influence health behaviors and achievement motivation, not only in their own lives, but also in the behaviors and lifestyles of others. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and achievement motivation in nursing students.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 164 nursing students studying at the Islamic Azad University of Yazd in 2021. Data were collected using questionnaires of demographic characteristics, Walker health-promoting lifestyle, and Herman’s achievement motivation. Data were analyzed by SPSS19 using descriptive and analytical statistics.

The mean score of nursing students' health-promoting lifestyle and achievement motivation were 127.35±20.92 and 78.70±6.42, respectively. Among the dimensions of health-promoting lifestyle, the highest mean was related to the self-actualization dimension and the lowest average was related to the exercise dimension. Also, nursing students' health-promoting lifestyle and dimensions of self-actualization and interpersonal had direct and significant relationships with achievement motivation (P<0.05).

The average score of nursing students' health-promoting lifestyle and academic achievement was at the moderate level, and there was a relationship between lifestyle and motivation to progress. In other words, the better the lifestyle, the higher the achievement motivation. Therefore, it is possible to increase the achievement motivation by planning to improve the health-promoting lifestyle of the students.

Central nervous system involvement by SARS-CoV-19 appears to be very rare in neonates. We report a case of viral meningitis in a neonate admitted to Kerman Afzalipour Hospital in Southeastern Iran.

The patient was a 15-day-old neonate who presented with lethargy, fever, and poor feeding the day before admission. After the initial evaluation and experimental treatment, viral meningitis was diagnosed with SARS- CoV-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Empirical treatment was done with antibiotics and supportive care. After viral meningitis was confirmed, the antibiotics were discontinued. In a follow-up two weeks later, the neonate had a good condition with no particular problem.

This report is a case of SARS-CoV-2 meningitis in a neonate. Therefore, if there is epidemiological evidence, the central nervous system involvement due to this virus should also be considered in neonates.

In recent decades, quality improvement approaches in higher education institutions have facilitated and continuously improved processes. Nevertheless, it has failed to meet the expectations of key stakeholders and academic suppliers in practice. However, some quality approaches, such as lean thinking, have a different view of continuous process improvement and have tried to pursue and resolve organizational issues. Therefore, applying the lean approach at the University has significantly reduced costs, waste, and increased satisfaction. On the other hand, the University faces some challenges such as; not doing the right actions at the right time, changes in the needs and expectations of participants, and rising university costs. The core of lean thinking is meeting or exceeding stakeholder expectations, eliminating waste, and creating a value chain across all academic processes. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of non-academic staff, teachers and students on the degree of compliance of the lean higher education components.
 

This research is practical in terms of subject, and also collecting data is quantitative (descriptive-scaling method). In the first part, using a systematic approach and research method of documentary study, 24 related research about lean higher education and  university examined. Then after studying and analyzing them,  34 components identified. Formerly, without basing a particular theory, by studying and combining the existing models in this field on the one hand and selecting the components that most researchers have mentioned. On the other hand, seven components were chosen and developed based on a research tool (including 35 items). Lean higher education experts confirmed the questionnaire's validity, and structural validity was also used on the other hand. Its internal consistency was calculated from the Cronbach alpha value of 94%. The statistical population of the study includes; The total number of faculty members (350 people), experts (360 people), and students (7062 people) of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Campus of the University of Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021. The statistical population determined the statistical sample size using Cochran's random sampling method and sampling formula, 183 faculty, 185 non-academic staff, and 380 students. The results were analyzed by the SPSS and Lisrel software and the independent t-test, the confirmatory factor analysis, and the Friedman test. Thus, by creating an online questionnaire and providing a link to three relevant groups, 73 people from 183 faculties, 121 out of 185 experts, and 213 out of 360 students answered the questionnaires thoroughly(The researchers discarded incomplete questionnaires).

The results show that  the most critical components of lean higher education are; Lean processes, leadership, culture, staff development, strategy, vision, resource management, and focus on key stakeholders. In this regard, the results demonstrate that critical stakeholders' perception of the degree of adaptation of the University about the components of lean higher education (all seven components) are lower than average. Finally, the results indicated that the essential components from stakeholders' view were Lean processes, Lean strategy and vision, Lean leadership, Lean culture, stakeholder focus, people development and empowerment, and resource and facility management.
Discussion and

Based on several critical factors of research’model that determine the success of implementing the concept of lean in the University of Tehran, one of which is leadership. Academic leadership must support all staff (from experts to senior managers) at all university levels, welcome the expression of ideas, and provide the necessary resources for its cultivation. On the other hand, it has the necessary power and influence to motivate people to participate in quality improvement processes, take risks, and learn from mistakes. To establish lean higher education, staff at all levels (from senior managers to experts) accept that higher education has various stakeholders. However, they keep asking themselves, how can we happier the stakeholders? This requires stakeholder ideas and feedback to monitor quality and improve academic processes.  conversely, the key decision-makers and planners of the university Emphasize the principle of continuous improvement, waste reduction, and increased stakeholder satisfaction in all activities related to the planning, budgeting, evaluation processes, etc. Successful implementation of Lean Higher Education requires codified implementation mechanisms to empower human capital. On the other hand, faculty and other staff should feel proud to be part of the University and care about its success. Therefore, it is necessary to define each personal responsibility to support the unit/department and the University in achieving the objectives of the Lean approach. Based on the present study results, it is suggested that senior managers should try to improve the university climate by designing mechanisms and activities to motivate the staff and maintain their sense of loyalty and organizational commitment. In addition, risk-taking needs to be strengthened due to a changing and improving organizational climate. In contrast, it is suggested that by designing and launching the suggestion system, the ideas and feedback from key stakeholders be used to provide quality control and continuous improvement of university processes and give them feedback. Furthermore, the University's vision, mission, strategies, and goals should be designed to implement the lean-approach. In this regard, the organizational values should be defined based on continuous improvement and respect for stakeholders. In brief, the requirements for implementing the lean approach are the readiness to establish it. Hence, before designing and implementing continuous improvement programs, universities should pay attention to the critical factors of the success of the lean approach, and even before in their financial, material and human resources in the organization. Additionally, continuous quality improvement seeks input from key stakeholders on the University's level of readiness and compliance with the lean approach components. So the successful implementation of lean programs requires the full attention of academic leaders so that the organization can continue to grow and be able to build a sustainable competitive advantage.

Inexpensive and simple microextraction methods with high efficiency are noticeable for sample preparation in the analysis of pollutant compounds. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the studies conducted by Iranian researchers on the use of microextraction methods to extract and determine the occupational analytes from urine sample.

In this brief review study, the focus is on the purposeful search of articles published by Iranian researchers from 2000 to 2019 in databases of Google Scholar, ISC, SID, Magiran, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus using keywords of microextraction, determine, extract, analytes, and urine samples. Articles extracted over 20 years were categorized and analyzed according to the title, author name, publication year, study method, study type, and evaluation results.

The obtained results after reviewing the selected articles can be discussed in terms of several topics. They include optimization of factors affecting method efficiency and extraction efficiency, optimization of parameters affecting extraction performance, application of the optimized method for real samples, and comparison of the proposed method with other procedures.

The developed methods in selected articles were found to be fast, simple, with minimum solvent consumption, short extraction time, and environmentally friendly that can be used as alternatives to conventional methods.

Sexual activity is one of the most basic aspects of human life and sexual satisfaction is one of the important indicators of marital satisfaction. It plays a very significant role in strengthening and stabilizing the family. However, no study has been performed in this regard; therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship of sexual satisfaction with spiritual health and demographic characteristics in women referring to health centers in Qom, Iran.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on women referring to health centers in Qom. The subjects were selected using the multi-stage sampling method. Four out of eight districts (1, 2, 4, and 8) were selected by lottery method; subsequently, two health centers were selected from each district using the simple random method. The sample size was calculated at 320 cases using the sample size formula. The required data were collected through the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women developed by Metson and Trapnell and Spiritual Well-Being Scale by Paloutzian and Ellison. Finally, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics, such as frequency tables, percentage, and mean and inferential statistics, namely Pearson correlation, Spearman test, and multiple regression.

Based on the findings, there was a significant and positive correlation between spiritual health and sexual satisfaction (P=0.01, R=0.511). Moreover, it was found that there was a direct correlation between spiritual health and sexual satisfaction; accordingly, people with higher spiritual health have higher sexual satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction also had a negative significant correlation with age and duration of marriage (P=0.01); accordingly, sexual satisfaction decreased with the increase of age and marriage duration. Furthermore, there was a significant direct correlation between education level and sexual satisfaction (P=0.003)

According to the findings, spiritual health can be considered as one of the appropriate methods to increase sexual satisfaction in women. Therefore, by training women through educational packages or classes (in-person or virtual), it may be possible to increase their sexual satisfaction.