فهرست مطالب fatemeh fallahtafti

Populism is an ideology or a political strategy in which the opinion of the general public is preferred over all mechanisms of the society, which is fundamentally different from the concept of democracy and populism advocated by Islam. The spread of populist policies in a wrong way in many societies has caused people to easily forgo their long-term interests for short-term gains, and if their demands are not met, mistrust of the government and the system itself is created. Descriptive-analytical method has been employed in this research. The main questions of this article are: What are the approaches of political jurisprudential theories to populism? Can the rulers and statesmen of a religious government turn to populist policies from the viewpoint of political jurisprudence? The findings of the research show that populism, whose main characteristics are relying on the ignorance of the masses of society, gaining support by resorting to general and vague promises, taking actions independent of institutions and parties, and demagoguery, is strictly prohibited by Islamic political jurisprudence. In addition to being prohibited in terms of duty, the people who follow these policies are also responsible for their acts and must compensate for the damages.

The Ghadeer Sermon is the most important document of the authenticity of the Ahl al-Bayt school, in which the Holy Prophet spoke in detail about his succession.His words in the farewell speech and in the midst of the crowd are the most important and complete sermons that he, Ali and the imams after him introduced as their successors.This research was carried out in order to achieve the hypothesis that the rules of political jurisprudence derived from this sermon can be considered as useful and useful principles for the administration of Islamic government.This article collects information with a library method, and the data analysis used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method.The analysis of Ghadeer's sermon from the point of view of jurisprudence and politics is a new look at this sermon that has not been addressed so far, and this type of view can be a starting point for the analysis of other sermons from this point of view. This research shows that the most important jurisprudential-political rules and pillars are included in this sermon, and therefore it can be claimed that this sermon is the most political sermon that the Holy Prophet delivered during his 23 years of mission.Discussions such as the necessity of forming a government, observing the expediency of the righteous in order to preserve the essence of Islam, cooperation, under which the role of the people in the formation of the government and their political participation are discussed; It is among the results of this research.

Family system jurisprudence is one of the major types of jurisprudence, which looks at family issues with a holistic view, and the marriage contract, as one of the important pillars of this system, creates obligations for the parties like other contracts. One of the challenging issues in this field is the legitimacy of beauty practices without the spouse's permission. In a descriptive-analytical way, this article tries to investigate the limits and limitations of the husband's permission in cosmetic surgery and whether the marriage contract causes the wife to have no ownership over her body. Or should the wife take permission from her husband to do anything she wants to do with her body? The findings of this research, which is a study based on the macro-jurisprudence of the family system, indicate that by reflecting on the benefits of cosmetic surgery in repairing and correcting physical and appearance defects and the opinions of contemporary jurists on the permissibility of surgeries that are performed for the purpose of beautification, doubts It solves the fundamental issue regarding the legitimacy of cosmetic surgery and it is not possible to achieve the necessity of spouse's permission absolutely in the jurisprudence of the family system; Rather, the necessity of permission in the jurisprudence of the family system is only in the field of family interests.

Travel for family visits is among the issues which have always been emphasized by Islam. However, according to the opinions of specialists travels and parties during the corona virus contagion would cause the extensive spread of the virus and infection of a great number of people resulting in huge financial losses and physical harms. Therefore, it is imperative to analyze the responsibility of the individuals who, in spite of the warnings, go to journeys and organize parties from jurisprudential point of view. The present research aims at establishing the responsibility of the persons who overlook the corona rules and restrictions and cause further spread of the virus by travelling and visiting their relatives based on the opinions of Imamiyeh Jurisprudence. This article deals with the issue through studying and meditating in the major jurisprudential texts and by means of a descriptive-analytical method. Findings and results of the research show that based on the opinions of the jurisprudents and according to such rules as the no-loss, prohibition of homicide, waste… the individuals who are infected with Covid-19 and are aware of their infection shall be responsible in the event of traveling and attending in parties and inflicting damage on other individuals; and the unaware individuals with Covid-19 disease shall also be responsible based on the principle of precaution and mandate of disposing the likely loss, and the rules of warning, guardianship… cannot be used as a disclaimer by these individuals.

Rationality is sometimes described as beliefs, and sometimes actions and behavior are characterized by rationality, and sometimes values ??are characterized by it, but in any case, rationality is based on revelation and Islamic principles, a system consisting of principles that are in the framework Islamic culture and civilization has been formed and organizes the mentalities and behavior of Muslims. Convergence and unity of Muslims also leads to the realization of the goals and interests of the Islamic Ummah and standing against the enemies of Islam. The new Islamic civilization is formed when the element of rationality and convergence regains its original position in Islamic societies, and thus Islamic civilization, which includes all the achievements of Muslims in various economic, cultural, religious, social, moral, material and spiritual dimensions and... can be; Revive, rebuild and rehabilitate. Planning this important issue in a jurisprudential environment and by expressing the Shariah ruling of its obligation or sanctity, in addition to speeding up the impact of the social reform movement, it causes a horizon beyond the recommendation and praise of these two important and at the same time interrelated matters. put in front of Islamic societies. In a descriptive-analytical way, this article seeks to express the jurisprudential foundations of rationality and convergence of Muslims in the formation of modern Islamic civilization. The findings of the research show that the jurisprudential foundations of this issue are: monotheistic nature, the principle of the state system, the principle of forming a single nation, Rationality based on the book and tradition, and among the jurisprudence rules cited, we can mention the rule of respect, the rule of unity, the rule of taqiyyah, the rule of obligation, and the rule of justice

As one of the important pillars of the family system, the marriage contract, like other contracts, creates obligations for the parties. One of the challenging issues in this field is the legitimacy of cosmetic surgeries without the spouse's permission. Through a descriptive-analytical method, this article examines the constrains and boundaries of the husband's permission in cosmetic surgery and answers these questions: Does the marriage contract cause the wife to have no ownership over her body? Or should the wife get permission from her husband for any possession of her body? This research is a study based on the macro-jurisprudence of the family system, and its findings show that reflecting on some benefits of cosmetic surgery, which is performed for mending and modifying physical and appearance defects, as well as examiningthe opinions of contemporary jurists about the permissibility of surgery for the purpose of beautification, fundamental reservations about the legitimacy of cosmetic surgery is resolved. Therefore, in family system jurisprudence, the necessity of spouse's permission cannot be found completely; nonetheless, the necessity of permission in family system jurisprudence lies only in the area of family welfares.

Owing to the development of technology and being in the age of explosion of communication, the interaction of people and communities is increasing in the virtual platforms. This has created important developments in different structures of society. These developments, along with the growth and development of human beings and their societies, have given rise to some threats to real persons and legal entities. It can even be stated that the spread of the effects of this threat has gone beyond the geographical and political borders and has penetrated into the national security area of countries. Therefore, laying the groundwork for creating a suitable platform for the development of the virtual space seems necessary in view of the human need for this phenomenon. The Jurisprudence (Fiqh) offers such a suitable and efficient platform in that in has a comprehensive program based on principles and rules that are general and comprehensive. Indeed, in addition to specifying the rules to be abided by the individuals in various issues, it clarifies the overall tasks of the society. Among these major tasks is the issue of regulating international relations and the interaction of the Islamic States with other societies. For this purpose, the present article deals with the jurisprudential rules in the field of interaction of the Islamic system and Islamic States with other Muslim nations in a descriptive-analytical way. The most important rules that can be proposed in this context are: 1. Denial of Domination Rule 2. The Principle of Unilateral Irrevocability 3. The Principle of Peaceful Co-Existence 4. The Principle of Invitation 5. The Principle of Prohibition of Cooperation on Unlawful 6. The Principle of Expediency 7. The Principle of Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil 8. The Principle of Justice 9. The Rule of Necessity of Protecting the Islamic System 10. The Rule Principle of Protection of the Secrets of Muslims 11. Forbidding Harming a Believer 12. The Rule of Veneration of Rituals.

One of the arguments that is of great interest in deriving jurisprudential issues and rulings is the structure of reasoning. The structure of wisdom is the observation of the behavior and approach of wise people in different fields of life, who, based on the benefits and harms, put a way to do or leave a behavior. Allameh Tabatabaei, as a jurist commentator and with a deep insight into issues and cases, has used this source of inference in his arguments and correctly explained the validity and significance of the intellectual structure from Allameh's point of view. This article, compiled by descriptive-analytical method, examines the structure of wise men from the perspective of this wise thinker, and the result of the article shows that firstly, the structure of reason is an important source for inferring rulings. . And secondly, the basis of its validity is the fact that the rulings issued by reason are definitive. And it is certain, but because the intellect is practical and related to dos and don'ts, it has limitations. In practical applications, people may deviate. As a result, it needs Sharia approval. Some claim a contradiction in Allameh's statement regarding the validity of the intellectual structure, it does not seem correct. By accepting Allameh's principles, there is no difference between the new structures and those related to the Innocent Age, and this itself can open the way for fundamental studies in Islamic jurisprudence and law.

In the path of teaching and learning, content is very important, therefore, one of the things that need to be considered in an educational analysis is the analysis of course content. Textbooks should be compiled and selected based on the principles of content analysis, in addition to adapting to teaching-learning standards, and presented in an appropriate manner. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and validating these principles in the book "Lessons of Preparation in the Rules of Jurisprudence" by Sheikh Baqir Irvani. This book is the only textbook that has been prepared based on the principles and criteria of compilation, and is one of the specialized courses for the three levels of the university and the master's degree. The method of the present research is qualitative content analysis with two methods of scientific-authorial evaluation and educational design in a descriptive-analytical manner; In this way, in addition to the content analysis of the book, the editorial requirements were identified and validated. The findings of this study indicate that this book, despite having educational design criteria compared to other books written in this field, but in this case, has performed poorly and is far from the editorial standards and in terms of compliance. It is also at a moderate level with the criteria of scientific-authorial evaluation.

Pilgrimage consists of three pillars of pilgrimage, forgery and heart tendency, which in addition to acquainting the pilgrim with the rank and glory of the saints of God, has undeniable effects on his spiritual construction. Nevertheless, the Salafis believe that pilgrimage is simply a form of worship for graves and therefore attributes the grave to the Shiites. Rashid Reza, for example, in his commentary on Al-Manar, which is one of the most important commentaries of the Sunnis, states the reasons for being a gravedigger and the relation of polytheism to the Shiites. He, who has borrowed these arguments from his Salafi predecessors, Ibn Taymiyyah, explains these arguments by quoting verses from the Qur'an. This article, which is written in a descriptive and analytical manner, critiques and examines these arguments. The findings of the study indicate that the lack of correct understanding of the verses, lack of attention to the Sunnah of the Prophet and the elders of Shiite and Sunni scholars and also unfamiliarity with Shiites to understand the intentions and actions of the people and their properties have caused such doubts and confused the commentator. Has discussed.

Youth suicide is a major public health concern. Suicide statistics show an increase in the suicide rates among young students including medical students. To explore self-harming behavior among medical students at Yazd Azad University.

Suicidal ideation in medical students studying at Yazd Azad University was explored within a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 200 students. For comparison purposes, the sample was divided into two groups of seniors (student intake from 2013/14), and juniors (student intake from 2017/18). Beck Suicide scale was used to measure suicidal behavior.

We found 16% of the participants exhibited suicidal ideation, of whom 87.5% demonstrated a low desire to commit suicide and 12.5% had a strong desire to commit suicide. In this data set, the relationship between “suicidal ideation” and “gender, marital status and grade” appeared statistically significant.

To protect against suicide and reverse the rising trend, preventive strategies must focus on supporting students to feel comfortable in talking about their suicidal thoughts.

Undoubtedly, the lifestyle in the face of Iranian culture and society with Western and modern culture and attitudes has been transformed and seriously challenged, and since Iranian society is a religious, religion-oriented and God-centered society, it is necessary to pay attention to religious lifestyle. This research, based on the data strategy based on various qualitative researches, has designed a model for women's religious lifestyle based on the wills of 7 female martyrs. In addition to their important role in the family, these martyrs; They have been able to play an undeniable and effective role in advancing the goals of the sacred defense. After finding the concepts of wills and coding, the researcher categorizes them and finally designs the pattern. Findings indicate that this comprehensive model includes women's missions in individual and ideological fields such as attention to theology, self-knowledge, and resurrection with full emphasis on the development of individual morality and also women in marital relationships, communication with parents and children are responsible. The most important of them is turning the house into a center of love and trying to educate the righteous generation. Also, women in the field of domestic and foreign policy must have insight, know their enemy, and perform their duties towards the leader and the believers. Women are also responsible for the society and for the culture of the society, and while attending the scientific and cultural arenas, they must observe the requirements of their presence in the society, the most important of which is to be created according to Islamic customs and ethics.

The tourism industry, one of the most important industries of the world, has had a rapid growth in the world’s economic development. Among various issues and factors damaging to the tourism industry, obligation for ḥijāb is what some people have considered as creating discontent and reduction of the number of tourists and have even called it an act against human rights. This research attempts to study the jurisprudential obligation of the Islamic state concerning the ḥijāb of the tourists as per legal-judicial evidences. After the study was conducted, it was found out that the evidences of enjoining right and forbidding wrong, the arguments concerning the absence of concomitance between prohibition and absence of the ḥijāb as well as the impact of the circumstances at the time and place of pretending the forbidden can be considered as the jurisprudential requirements obligatory upon non-Muslims, either residents or tourists and representing the Islamic state’s responsibility. In addition, the ruling derived from the law of any country obliges the tourists to act accordingly and in case of failing to do so, they have broken their oath and in case of entering the country the state is entitled to oblige them to abide by it.

Breast milk is the most important and most valuable food for children. Breast milk because of minerals, digestive enzymes and antibodies, an important factor for maintaining health and increase infant intelligence. These concessions and many other concessions that breast milk has Caused some people to think establishment of local for the collection of milk and the placing it for treating sick babies that this place is called Bank's of milk. There is a danger in this field, Ignorance about the women who are their milk are granted to banks because it is impossible to distinguish real mother and result in the incorporation of logarithms. According to Sunni scholars, including al-Shafii, Maliki, Hanbali and Hanafi because they say, even spilling into the mouth or nose of the child, causing to be forbidden, Since the quality of these banks in this way, so the milk is used to make prohibition. But with a doubt, in the number or person donor, Can put principle that is not forbidden and ordered on the validity of such banks Shia scholars, say the conditions infant not be together as a result, the milk these banks would not be any forbidden.

Give orders to good and forbidding the evil are two emphatic Kefayi Obligatories which effect deep and wide on the human social life. Based on this reasons, each according to his ability to perform his duties and is required to prevent the occurrence forbidden. And not allocated to special group. verses and hadith are addressed all, including the Islamic government. this reasons could be the best reason about the responsibility of the Islamic government about Hijab. In this paper, Meanwhile addressing the words "maroof" and "monkar" and its application to on the subject, we study the conditions and stages of this obligation in connection with the Islamic government which represents the extent of responsibility of the government in the cultural field and also the penal.

In Islam Mahr(marriage portion) is a woman’s right which becomes binding upon the husband once the marriage is contracted. The marriage portion which is set in the marriage contract is called (Mahr- al- Mossamma). There is no limitation for this kind of marriage portion and the couple can contract on any amount or entity which can be owned by a person. According to the principle of sharia a large sum of marriage portion is not recommended. Consequently it should not exceed more than Mahr-al-sunnah (a traditional marriage portion of 500 Dirhams or 50 Dinars). Unfortunately today these suggested amounts are ignored and heavy sums of marriage portions imposed on the man have inflicted immense losses on the family foundation. Accordingly efforts have been made by all scholars to reduce the marriage portion to a reasonable amount. After reviewing and criticizing the scholars views the author brings forth her documentations and practical solutions regarding the financial status of the husband and marriage portion.