fatemeh nazari

The possibility of problems such as isolation and loneliness become common in the elderly entering old age. Loneliness, as one of the most important psychological problems in the elderly, can have significant negative consequences on their physical and mental health. Various factors can predict the feeling of loneliness of elderly people living in nursing homes. This study aimed to determine the role of coping strategies in predicting the feeling of loneliness in older adults living in nursing homes.

This was a descriptive-analytical study. 194 older people living in nursing homes in Shiraz city were included in the study in 1402 using the convenience sampling method. UCLA Loneliness Questionnaire, CISS Coping Strategies Questionnaire, and GDS Geriateric Depression Scale were used to collect information. Written consent was obtained from all old participants in this study. SPSS v. 23 software was used for data analysis..

he mean age of the elderly participants in the study was 67.76 ± 5.46 years. Most of the elderly, women (52%), had lost their spouses. More elderly people (70.2%) experienced low loneliness (score 21-39). This study showed that most of older adults (48%) use emotion-oriented strategies. The results showed that with the increase of each score of the problem-oriented scale and the avoidance-oriented subscale, the loneliness score increased by 0.23 and 0.387 units, respectively. With the increase of each score on the emotion-oriented scale, the loneliness score decreases by 0.390 units.

The level of loneliness in the elderly in this study was low. The problem-oriented and avoidance-oriented strategies were associated with increasing feelings of loneliness, and the emotion-oriented strategies were associated with decreasing feelings of loneliness. Planning effective interventions to reduce the feeling of loneliness in the elderly, such as teaching healthy coping strategies and promoting social support, can lead to reducing the feeling of loneliness in older adults.

The health system is trying to prevent unnecessary referrals to higher levels by providing tiered services and thus reduce the cost of health care. Therefore, this study was conducted in Zahedan City, Iran with the aim of finding the causes of referrals from level 1 to higher tiers in rural areas.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 458 rural patients referred to the second level in the rural areas of Zahedan City, Iran. Data were collected from the family health files available in the Sib system and analyzed using the SPSS-16 statistical software, the statistical tests being descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency) and Chi-square test.

The highest (57.6%) and lowest (4.1%) proportions of referrals to the second level of service provision were found to have been in 2018 and 2016, respectively. From among the referred patients nearly 50% had been referred due to the need for a higher expertise, thus most referrals (67.2%) were to specialists. Further analysis of the data showed that only in 23.6% of the cases there was a feedback from the higher level to the first level.

The findings show that referrals from family physicians to higher levels in the health system requires higher medical expertise and patient insistence. In addition, feedback to the first level of service provision has not received proper attention. Establishing interactions between physicians and other health service levels, refresher training of physicians, emphasizing the importance of providing feedback and promoting the awareness of patients can reduce to a large extent inappropriate referrals.

The harmful effects of drug relapse have always been one of the major challenges in addiction treatment. The present study aimed to predict drug relapse in addicted men under treatment based on experiential avoidance, integrative self-knowledge, and basic psychological needs. The present study was a correlational one. The statistical population included all addicted men in Choubindar prison in Qazvin in 2021, among whom 200 individuals were selected randomly. Then, the participants filled out the Relapse Prediction Scale (RPS), Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ), Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale (ISK), and Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS). Data were analyzed using stepwise regression via SPSS software (version 25). The results of the study demonstrated that some of the components of experiential avoidance including distraction, distress endurance, behavioral avoidance, and distress aversion could account for 14.0% of the variance of the relapse in the addicts (P<0.05). Moreover, the obtained results considering the reflective self-knowledge component and the overall score of integrative self-knowledge could explain 15.0% of the variance in relapse in the addicts. Among the basic psychological needs, communication could predict 3.8% of the variance in relapse. Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that through addiction treatment and prevention of relapse programs, psychologists reduce drug relapse in addicts by decreasing distractions and behavioral avoidance, increasing distressendurance, enhancing self-knowledge, and improving efficient relationships.

Parasites of two commercial tuna fish including Scomberomorus commerson and Thunnus tonggol were investigated in Bandar Abbas coast during summer and autumn. A total of 84 fish of both species were captured. Based on the results, samples of S. commerson were infected with manogenean parasites, while T. tonggol did not show any of infection. The identified monogeneans include Gotocotyla acanthura, G. bivaginalis, G. queenslandici, Cathucotyle cathuaui, Pseudothoracocotyle ovalis, T. crocea and Pricea multae. Digenean parasites isolated from both hosts belong to the genera Plerurus, Lecithochirium, Ectenurus and Erilepturus. Callitetrarhynchus sp. was the only cestode observed in studied fishes. Obtained nematodes belong to Goezia, Hysterothylacium and Camallanus genera. The highest prevalence of contamination in S. commerson is related to monogenan parasites with 98.72% and the lowest is in cestodes with 0.26%. The prevalence of infection in S. commerson with digenea and nematoda is 5.6%. In T. tonggol, the highest percentage of infection was related to nematods and the lowest in cestode, 59.59% and 12.95% respectively.

The statement of the second step of the revolution is one of the most excellent topics, which is necessary to study to understand the Islamic revolution. This statement deals with the past forty years of the revolution, interprets its strengths and weaknesses, pays attention to the future of the revolution, and states its basic steps in the second phase of the revolution. Introducing the nature of the Islamic revolution and preserving it while designing the next steps is one of the most important responsibilities that the wise leader of the revolution felt on his shoulders and rose to fulfill. The noteworthy point in this statement is the existence of a civilizational approach in its recommendations. Considering the importance of the future of the revolution and the necessity of examining this statement, the present study tries to extract the jurisprudential foundations of the statement and reveal its civilizational approach and explain it according to the importance of science and research among the seven recommendations of the statement. The evaluation results in this research show that firstly, the civilizational approach has clearly played a role in the spirit of the statement; Secondly, from the point of view of civilized jurisprudence, science and research and its multiplicity are obligatory; Thirdly, the necessity of science and research is inferred from verse 60 of Surah Mubarakah Anfal with four methods of application, necessity, legal purpose and appropriateness of the ruling and subject

The purpose of this study was to investigate the infestation of Portunus segnis with symbiotic organisms to determine the abundance, prevalence, and intensity of the infestation. A total of 86 blue swimming crabs were collected from Bandar Abbas coast during Summer and Autumn, 2018. Totally, 473 symbionts including Lepas anserifera, Chelonibia testudinaria, Philometra sp., Microstella norvegica, two unidentified species of order Cyclopoida, unidentified species of Ostracoda and Bivalvia were isolated. The prevalence of infection was 66.59, 1.47, 53, 13.5, 5.91, and 12.47%, respectively. Except for C. testudinaria, other taxa are reported for the first time in P. segnis and the Persian Gulf during this study. The intensity of infestation in both males and females did not show a significant difference, therefore, it can be concluded that this factor is not affected by gender in blue swimming crab. The intensity of infestation in autumn was approximately, four times more than summer (21 and 5.84, respectively). It is probably because of the suitable conditions and the larger size of the host in this season. Moreover, intensity of infestation in cluster 2 was almost four times more than in cluster 1, confirming the positive effect of size on the abundance of symbionts in P. segnis.

Physical disability caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) increases MS patients' need for support from others. Medication adherence is one of the main success factors in the treatment of chronic diseases, which is influenced by various factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived social support and medication adherence in patients with MS.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 110 patients (70 women and 40 men) aged 39±9 years with MS who visited the 2 medical training centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Kashani and Al-Zahra), Isfahan, Iran during 2021. After sampling by the systematic random method, the data were collected by interviews and using Zimmet's Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).

The mean and standard deviation of the scores of medication adherence and perceived social support were 6.10±1.72 and 62.83±14.97, respectively. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, perceived social support did not show any significant relationship with medication adherence (r=0.185, P=0.053). Perceived social support showed a statistically significant relationship with income satisfaction (F=4.54, P=0.01), the pattern of clinical course (F=2.95, P=0.03), difficulty in accessing medical care (t=-2.29, P=0.02), and clinical symptoms, including motor (t=-3.72, P=0.001), balance (t=-3.23, P=0.002), and urinary disorders (t=-2.53, P=0.01).

Perceived social support in patients with MS did not cause medication adherence.

Heel pain is commonly caused by chronic plantar fasciitis, associated with pain and activity limitation in patients. Although steroid injection is a popular method to treat this disease, it has side effects and provides short-term pain relief. The study was designed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine and corticosteroid injection in treating chronic plantar fasciitis.

 A total of 70 participants were divided into two groups. The intervention group received a mixture of dexmedetomidine (1μg/kg) with 1 ml of lidocaine 2%. The control group received a combination of 1ml of corticosteroid (40mg triamcinolone) with 1ml of lidocaine 2%. Outcome measures were evaluated with Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Maryland foot score (MFS) before, one, and three months after the intervention.

 Significant improvements in NRS and MFS were observed in both groups at 1 and 3 months of follow-up compared to baseline(P<0.001). NRS score improvement in the first month was more significant in the corticosteroid group compared to the dexmedetomidine group. However, after three months, the dexmedetomidine group experienced greater pain reduction (P=0.012) and higher functional ability (P<0.001) than the corticosteroid group.

 Local injection of dexmedetomidine provided significant and long-term effects on pain severity and physical activity. Corticosteroids caused an immediate but short‑term effect, whereas sustained improvement in the dexmedetomidine group was observed during the follow-up.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms differ in severity, but are the same in nature. Due to the high prevalence of OCD symptoms, their ethological study is important. Given that no study has been conducted on finding the factors involved in development and continuation of these symptoms, this study aims to examine the mediating role of emotion dysregulation, experiential avoidance, and rumination in the relationship of emotional schemas with OCD symptoms.

This is a descriptive-correlational study. Participants were 349 college students in Tehran, Iran in the academic year of 2021-2022, who were selected by a convenience sampling method. Data analysis including structural education modeling (SEM) were conducted in SPSS software, verion 22 and LISREL v. 8.8 applications.

The SEM model had a good fit (GFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.57). The three variables of emotion dysregulation, rumination, and experiential avoidance had a significant role in mediating the relationship between emotional schemas and OCD symptoms (P<0.05).

The interventions focusing on increasing acceptance of private experiences, reducing emotional dysregulation and rumination, and modifying emotional schemas can have better therapeutic outcomes for people with OCD.

This research was conducted with the aim of modeling of Self-Handicapping based on School Attachment with the Mediating Role of Emotional Cognitive Regulation in High School Male Students in Khodabandeh city. The cross-sectional research method is correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all the second grade secondary school students of Khodabande city in the academic year of 1401-1400, 420 people were selected by cluster random sampling method. In this research, the tools of self-handicapping (Jones and Rudwalt, 1982), attachment to school (Moton et al., 1993) and emotion regulation (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006) were used. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V8.8 software were used. Also, in order to respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. The research findings showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that Self-Handicapping based on attachment to school with the mediation of cognitive regulation of emotion has a good fit in the second secondary school boys of Khodabande city. In general, the results indicated the importance of the variables of attachment to school and cognitive regulation of emotion in predicting academic self-handicapping. Therefore, if the level of attachment to school and the cognitive regulation of emotion can be increased by using educational methods, the level of academic self-handicapping can be significantly reduced. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps researchers and therapists in prevention and designing more suitable treatments.

Virtual social networks consist of sites where users can share their interests, thoughts and activities with other people. Among the users of virtual networks, teenagers may be extremely attracted to its use. Therefore, considering the negative consequences of addiction to virtual networks and because addiction to virtual networks is a new disorder, its treatment methods have not yet expanded much, but research has shown that cognitive behavioral therapy for users who are obsessed with Virtual network use is effective. In cognitive behavioral therapy, a well–known treatment method, it is assumed that thoughts determine emotions, and by controlling ineffective thoughts and managing behavior, the amount of dependence on virtual networks can be reduced. Therefore, the research aimed to determine the cognitive behavioral therapy program on ego identity status and mental well–being in people dependent on virtual networks.

The current research was semi–experimental and conducted with a pre–test–post–test design with control and experimental groups. The study's statistical population included people affiliated with virtual networks who referred to counseling and psychology clinics in Tehran in 2021. Among the statistical population, 30 qualified volunteers entered the study as available and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (each group included 15 people). Inclusion criteria were: 1. a higher–than–average score on the Questionnaire of Addiction to Mobile–Based Social Networks; 2. at least a diploma level of education; 3. not participating in other therapeutic interventions simultaneously. Exclusion criteria were: 1. absenteeism more than out of three sessions; 2. it was non–observance of group therapy rules. Both groups completed the pre–test and post–test of the Ego Identity Status Questionnaire (Bennion & Adams, 1986) and the Subjective Well–Being Questionnaire (Molavi et al., 2010). The experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy in twelve ninety–minute sessions; However, the control group did not receive any treatment program during the research. Data analysis was carried out in two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. At the level of descriptive statistics, frequency, mean and standard deviation were used, and at the level of inferential statistics, covariance analysis was used in SPSS software version 24. The significance level was 0.05 for the tests.

The results of the analysis of covariance for each of the variables of ego identity status and mental well–being showed that there was a significant difference in the subscales of ego identity status including diffusion (p=0.005) and achievement (p<0.001) between the experimental and control groups in the post–test, after removing pre–test effect; Also, after removing the effect of the pre–test, there was a significant difference in the mental well–being subscales including vitality (p=0.024), life determination (p<0.001) and neuroses (p=0.004) between the experimental and control groups in the post–test.

According to the results, cognitive–behavioral therapy can enhance the ego identity status and mental wellness of individuals who rely heavily on virtual networks by correcting their dysfunctional thoughts.

Emotional divorce is an abnormality in the family system that, although it does not lead to the separation of couples, but their married life lacks love, companionship and friendship and has negative consequences for the functioning of the family. The aim of this study was to determine the role of psychological capital and differentiation self in predicting emotional divorce in female teachers in Zanjan.

The present study was performed by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population included all female teachers in education district 2 of Zanjan in 2019. The statistical sample was 274 people based on Krejcie & Morgan formula which was selected by convenience sampling method. In this study, demographic questionnaire, "Emotional Divorce Scale", "Differentiation of Self Scale" and "Psychological Capital Scale" were used. Content validity by qualitative method, and reliability by internal consistency method were evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS. 25. 

Between psychological capital (R= 0.36, P<0.05) and its components including self-efficacy (R= -0.46, P<0.05), hopefulness (R= -0.46, P<0.0), resilience (R= 0.37, P<0.05) and optimism (R= 0.50, P <0.05) were negatively correlated with emotional divorce. Between differentiation (R= -0.43, P<0.05) and its components including emotional reactivity (R= 0.25, P<0.05), My position (R= 0.48, 05 P <0.0), positive correlation with emotional divorce and correlation between emotional divorce (R= 0.44, P <0.05) and fusion with others (R= -0.43, P<0.05) with emotional divorce there was a negative. The results showed that psychological capital and differentiation together could explain 30% of the variance of emotional divorce in women (P<0.05). 

Emotional divorce in women was predicted by psychological capital and differentiation. Therefore, it is recommended to counselors and family psychologists, considering the role of these variables in emotional divorce, with the help of couples to increase psychological capital and adjust differentiation. They should prevent emotional divorce.

the manner of determining the leader by the Assembly of Experts, has considered several preferences (advantages and priority attributes in determining the leader) in one and the other, without any possible explicit or implicit references to the existence of priority among them. This means that all the mentioned advantages should be at the same level. But, "Public Acceptance" as one of those privileges, has an unstable position alongside others and may be denied. Because mentioning other preferences as the characteristics of the leader in article number 5 & article number 109 of the constitution has created a solid base for them, and on the other hand, the general opinion of the jurists has emphasized the priority of these preferences due to the existence of religious criterion. So, the question is whether “Public Acceptance" is an emphasis on the direct involvement of "Acceptance" in determining the leader, and whether this principle is expressed and structured will weaken the position of "Public Acceptance" and "Acceptance" In determining the leader. Using descriptive and analytical method, and in order to remove the ambiguity of this basic principle, by citing various sources and documents, this article has reached the conclusion that "Public Acceptance" is an essential feature in the leader. The members of the Assembly of Experts are obliged to achieve this feature in their chosen case in order to ensure the maximum functioning of the established Islamic government. Based on historical interpretation, the intention of the constitutional legislator also confirms this meaning. Accordingly, the way in which the concept of "Public Acceptance" is established in this principle is not compatible with the purpose of the legislator. Therefore, in this article, a review and revision of the mentioned principle is suggested.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) on the severity of fatigue among women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

This was a single‑blind, randomized controlled trial study conducted on 50 women with MS in Isfahan, Iran. Sampling was performed using simple sampling method, then the participants were randomly divided into two groups of case and sham using the minimization method. The EFT intervention was performed on the case group, 2 sessions per week for a 4‑weeks period. In the sham group, with the same psychological part of the EFT technique like case group, mild tapping was applied on false points for the same period of time. Fatigue severity score was obtained using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) before and immediately and 4 weeks after the intervention in the two groups. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

The results of the independent t‑test indicated that the mean (SD) score of fatigue severity before the intervention was not significantly different between the case and sham groups 5.48 (0.75) and (5.39 (0.71) with (p = 0.67). However, this difference was significant immediately [(3.05 (0.89) and 5.15 (0.94)] and 4 weeks after the intervention 3.10 (0.81) and 5.59 (0.57) (p < 0.001).

It seems that EFT is effective in diminishing fatigue among patients with MS and is recommended as a convenient and safe non‑medicament strategy for self‑management of fatigue among these patients, and can be used at the bedside by nurses.

 Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder in adults often occurs with problems related to executive functions such as working memory. The present study was conducted in 2016 to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training on the working memory of adults with ADHD.

 This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all students aged 20-40 years with ADHD in Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch in 2021. The sample consisted of 24 students who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12). Research instruments including demographic questionnaire, hyperactivity rating scale with adult attention deficit Barclay (2011) and Wechsler memory test (1941) were used. Cognitive rehabilitation training consisted of 18 software training exercises and 12 manual exercises (pencil-paper) focusing on memory, attention, inhibition, and mind-reading, which were presented to the experimental group in 15 sessions of 45 minutes. The collected data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS (version 24) software.

 The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation training on working memory had a significant effect on verbal learning, visual memory, repetition of numbers, and logical memory in adults with ADHD with attention deficit in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05).

 The results showed the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training on the working memory of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, clinical psychologists and therapists can use cognitive rehabilitation along with other treatments to improve the working memory of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The two-way relationship between the Qur’an and the Ahl Al-Bayt indicates that the most aware of the facts of revelation are the Ahl Al-Bayt (A.S.). In the meantime, on the one hand, a huge amount of interpretative narrations is attributed to Sadegh al-Muhammad (A.S.); and on the other hand, some of these traditions are dedicated to the Qur’an in the manner of the Qur’an, Therefore, understanding the different interpretative methods of this grand Imam and deep study and analysis of his interpretive traditions are essential steps that are necessary for a reliable interpretation for the commentators’ interpretation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of Qur’anic interpretation of the Qur’an in the traditions of Imam Sadiq (A.S.). The present paper is a descriptive-analytic method with a Quranic-narrative approach in which information is collected in a library and software approach. The findings of this study show that the Qur’anic interpretation of the Qur’an is in some cases favored by Imam Sadiq (A.S.), with the link between the Qur’an and the Etrat (Prophet Muhammad’s family) as two noble legacies of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). are the most reliable ways to understand and interpret the divine verses. The result is that the types of interpretation of the Qur’an to the Qur’an can be examined in the words of Imam Sadiq (A.S.), in terms of general allocation, absolute supplication, firm reference to similarity, and so on.

People experience extreme anxiety in testing situations, so it considers as a psychological condition and can actually impair learning and hurt test performance. People experience some degree of stress and anxiety before and during examinations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of blended aromatherapy using lavender and damask rose oils on the test anxiety of nursing students.

The present study was a single‑blinded clinical trial study. Seventy nursing students were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and sham groups. For the experimental group, seven droplets of lavender, 10%, and three droplets of damask rose oil, 10%, and for the sham group, ten droplets of sesame oil were poured on a nonabsorbent pad which was placed within a 20‑cm distance from the students’ noses on their chairs’ handles. The data were collected by using a two‑part questionnaire including demographic information and State‑Trait Anxiety Inventory 1, before, 15 min after the intervention, and immediately at the end of the test. Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (independent t‑test, ANOVA with repeated measure, Fisher’s exact test, and least significant difference post hoc test) statistics.

It was found that no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, the number of credits, Semester Grade Point Average and, gender, place of residence and marital status and the two groups were almost identical in regard of the above variables (P > 0.05). State anxiety mean scores of the experimental group were lower than the mean scores of the sham group, 15 min after the intervention and at the end of the test, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Blended aromatherapy is effective in improving the test anxiety of nursing students. Therefore, it can be used as a therapeutic approach to reduce test anxiety.

Several studies have reported the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of equine musculoskeletal disorders. Bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT) are the main sources for isolation of MSCs. Although the MSCs derived from various sources have similarities, certain differences have been reported in terms of biological, proliferative, immunological, and differentiative characteristics. They are also different concerning gene expression profiles. So, comparative gene expression analysis on mRNA level via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is believed to be of great value for better characterization of MSCs from different sources.

Mind reading is one of the problems of hyperactive people. Understanding oneself and others is essential for effective social interactions, which plays an important role in the health of interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Cognitive Rehabilitation" training on mind reading in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in 2019.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all students with ADHD between the ages of 20 and 40 in the Islamic Azad University of Zanjan in 2019. The research sample was 24 people who were identified by available sampling and were divided into two groups by simple random method (simple lottery). 12 people were considered in the intervention group  and 12 people were considered as the control group. Research instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the “Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale”, and the” Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. Content validity index as well as reliability were measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient.Cognitive rehabilitation" training included 36 software training exercises and 24 manual exercises (pencil-paper) focusing on memory, attention, inhibition and mind reading. The intervention group received 19 sessions of 45 minutes of cognitive rehabilitation training. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 24.

There was a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups in the mind reading variable (P=0.001, F=173.14) after the intervention. The effect size also showed that about 43% of the differences observed in the mind reading variable were due to group membership (intervention).

“Cognitive Rehabilitation” training can affect the mind reading of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, it is suggested to use “Cognitive Rehabilitation” training to promote health and improve interpersonal and family relationships of hyperactive adults.

Arthritis is the most common type of arthritis in people over 40 years. This study aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention on the prevention of arthritis among middle-aged women using the health belief model.

This was a randomized controlled field trial. The study population was women aged 29–59 years who referred to health centers in Birjand. Seventy-three women were selected by a systematic random sampling method and were randomly divided into intervention (n = 36) and control (n = 37) groups. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, repeated-measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test. As for the cases where the data were not normally distributed, the Friedman nonparametric test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Wilcoxon post hoc tests were used.

In the intervention group, the mean score of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, self–efficacy, and behavior significantly increased, and the mean score of perceived barriers significantly decreased after the intervention (≤0.001). In the control group, there were significant differences in the mean scores of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived self-efficacy, and performance after an intervention (P ≤ 0.001). However, this increase was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group.

Based on the present study and according to the positive impact of the educational intervention based on the health belief model on the prevention of arthritis, it is recommended to use this theory in educational programs to prevent arthritis.

The main cause of death of children in the world is accidents. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on health belief model on accident-preventive behaviors in mothers with children under 5 years in Takestan city in the years 1398 to 1399.

This study is a quasi-experimental interventional study with two intervention and control groups. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. The sample size in this study was 60 people in each group who were divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group was trained in different methods during four training sessions. After the training of the intervention group, post-test was obtained from both groups and information was analyzed.

The mean score of knowledge increased after the educational intervention. Also, according to the P-value, the difference at the significant level is 0.001. In the intervention group, except for the perceived severity, other components are significant. In other words, in the intervention group, except for the perceived severity, the mean scores increased in other components.

According to the study, it was observed that educational intervention based on the health belief model has a positive effect on increasing motherschr('39') awareness and practice in accident prevention in children under five years.

The meiobenthic harpacticoids of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman has been almost unknown. During October 2014 to September 2016, interstitial and phytal harpacticoids were collected from tide pools in 30 different localities along the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. The new information on the distribution of 26 species and 12 families is provided, here. The most species-rich family was Laophontidae with seven species, followed by Miraciidae with four species. In this paper, all the species were considered new records for the area. Furthermore, the first checklist of meiobenthic Harpacticoids is provided.

obesity is defined as abnormal accumulation of fat in the body . hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular disease. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and obesity and to assess the effect of demographic. factors on personnel of a military unit.

in this cross - sectional study, anthropometric measurements including height and weight were measured based on standard program and blood pressure measurement. the statistical population consisted of all police personnel of above 28 years of age in a military training center. data were analyzed using pearson " s correlation coefficient and spss16 software.

119 personnel were studied, all of whom are men, Five people had high blood pressure, and the overall frequency of hypertension was 4.2%. The mean systolic blood pressure was 115.16 ±46.16 and the mean diastolic blood pressure was 74.50 ±10.15. The mean BMI of the patients studied was 28.26 ±3.39. There was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and systolic blood pressure (pv = 0.25 and r = 0.10), but the relationship between BMI and diastolic blood pressure was statistically significant (pv = 0.03 and r =. 0.2).

People with high blood pressure in the study population was 4.2% of the population, which is low compared to the national average. Obesity is a risk factor for high blood pressure and a program to raise awareness about the importance of controlling blood pressure and obesity and having a proper diet and physical and sports activities, along with monitoring the mental health of the subjects to prevent obesity and Blood pressure is essential. Further studies are needed to examine the factors affecting employee obesity such as sleep patterns, diet, etc.

In recent years, the water level of Lake Urmia has been increasingly reduced and a huge amount of sediment and salt has remained in its bed. Due to the geology around the lake as well as the effluents and sewage that have entered the lake, harmful elements have entered the lake water. With the regression of the lake, the complex contaminants in the water have been transferred to the sediments and salts of the lake bed, which in case of possible conversion of these sediments and salts containing hazardous elements into fine dust, will affect the surrounding areas. In this study, the content of heavy harmful metals (As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Mn, V, Cd and Hg) and radioactive materials (Th and U) in sediments and salts of Lake Urmia were evaluated. . The purpose of this study is to identify and study the source of contamination of harmful elements in sediments and residual salts in the dried bed of the semi-eastern part and between the passage of Lake Urmia.

To investigate, sampling of sediments and surface salts of the lake was done from the eastern and middle part of the lake and the samples were geochemically evaluated and statistically analyzed.

Comparison of the results of the obtained concentrations with the average crust showed that the elements As, Cu, Ni, Co, Hg, Cd, Th and U in the region are more than the average crust.

The studied elements were examined by statistical evaluations such as correlation coefficient, cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results of all three methods were consistent with each other. According to these results, the origin of U and Hg elements is geology and the origin of other human elements. The main sources of human pollution are from urban and industrial effluents and sewage in the areas around the lake.

Colon cancer is the fourth cause of mortality at the world and second common cancer in the Europe. About 8% of all cancer deaths are due to colon cancer. This condition is caused by abnormal growth of cells which can invade or multiply in other tissues of the body (metastasis). The present study was designed to investigate the Simultaneous effect of quercetin and exercises on oxidative stress induced by colon cancer In the heart tissue in animal models.

In this experimental study a total of 80 rats were divided into two groups, including control (n=10) and treated group (n=70). Cancer in rats is induced by subcutaneous injection of azoxy methane and then the cancer rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups including, patient, saline, quercetin, continuous exercise, interval exercise, continuous exercise with quercetin, and interval exercise with quercetin. Oxidative stress including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the heart tissue using specific ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using ANOVA program by SPSS software.

Quercetin supplementation alone or in combination with exercise trainings significantly increased the mean of cardiac CAT and SOD activity compared to the treated group and saline groups (p<0.001), while MDA level was significantly decreased (p<0.05).

Colon cancer increases the oxidative stress of heart cells. Although quercetin alone has an anti-oxidative properties, combined therapy with interval and continuous training can be probably more effective.