فهرست مطالب fereshteh alsadat hosseini bojdani

The present study seeks to analyze the consequences of hijab removal in the period of Reza Shah Pahlavi (1300-1320). The main question is whether hijab removal could have an effect on modernization and development? According to the documents, the research method is descriptive-analytical, using theories of development and modernization and the method of data collection is library research. In the era of Reza Shah, due to the efforts of intellectuals, magazines, women and the Shah's visit to Turkey, serious work was done in matters related to women. The development of the country and the need for industrialization, the need for abundant and cheap labor, justified the presence of women in society to meet this need. The findings of the research indicate that the announcement of the law on the hijab removal on December 17th, 1314 by Reza Shah, ostensibly provided the preconditions for the presence of women to advance the goal of Reza Shah's modernization. Building schools and colleges and encouraging girls to study, and publishing articles in women's magazines also helped. Of course, the use of force in the implementation of this law caused opposition and resistance of some people, and in exchange for the women who entered the community with this action, many women and girls also chose forced housework. In fact, with this action, Reza Shah was able to achieve his goal of women's presence in society to a large extent, but he had many positive and negative consequences.

The information about Achaemenid women based on the works of Greek authors, Persepolis treasury and fortification tablets involves some objects such as seals and statues which are not only a few, but also most of them are related to the position of the queens and royal women. Meanwhile, less attention has been paid to non-royal women as a significant part of the Achaemind society. The present survey, aiming to study the economic participation of non-royal women in the Achaemenid period according to Persepolis tablets, is going to answer the basic question that “What were the non-royal women’s jobs in Achaemenid society?” In this survey, 49 tablets, out of 161 studied tablets, relating to the women’s job and salary information are presented separately in the tables 1 and 2. We have come to some conclusions by collecting data through library research and using functionalism theory and descriptive-analytic method. Considering the two factors of having a job and receiving salary, the survey’s findings indicate that women participated in different occupations and various job categories based on their expertise and abilities, and for every job they did, they received specific amount of ration including barely, beer and rarely meat and sometimes, the salary was in the form of silver.

Due to its geographical location and historical reasons, the land of Iran has long been a place for accepting different ethnicities, religions and cultures. In this regard, the followers of Judaism and Christianity at some point in time made Iran a safe place to live. According to sources, with the coming to power of the Sassanids and the proclamation of Zoroastrianism as the official religion of the country, restrictions arose for the followers of the religions living in the empire.Our knowledge of the situation of Sassanid Jews and Christians is based on parts of the Talmud, Sassanid inscriptions, works by Armenian, Syriac, and Islamic writers, which, in addition to limited information, contain one-sided and sometimes untrue accounts of Sassanid treatment of non-Zoroastrians. . This study, using library resources and descriptive-analytical method, intends to find an answer to the question of what were the factors of the situation of Jews and Christians in the Sassanid and can only the religious factor be considered effective?Application of policies and religious tendencies of some Sassanid kings, influence of Zoroastrian clerics, recognition of Christianity in the Eastern Roman Empire, rivalry and enmity between followers of different religions for power, financial reasons, rivalry and enmity between the Roman and Iran are important factors and It affects the situation of religious minorities living in the Sassanid borders. Nevertheless, Jews and Christians, as part of the human and economic resources of the government, played an important role in Sassanid society and, despite their one-sided views, interacted with the Sassanid , except in cases and moments, so re-reading critically and away from prejudice. Existing sources and narrations seem necessary.

The intellectual movement that began almost from the Qajar era caused fundamental changes in Iranian society. The perpetrators of this idea were men such as Mirza Malkam Khan,Kermani, Akhundzadeh and Kasravi. Although the dominant discourse of this movement was masculine, it started to reform women's affairs by discussing women's issues. The present study seeks to analyze the role of intellectual men in shaping women's demands. The main question is how the intellectual current caused the expression of women's demands? It is assumed that the confrontation with the West and the advancement of women caused the attention of male intellectuals to women and their desires. The materials collected in this research are from library sources and are expressed in a descriptive-analytical method. The purpose of this article is to explain how the formation of intellectual circles in Iran, the thinkers of this movement and finally the position of women in this movement. The findings of the study indicate that concepts such as law, freedom, equality and the need for awareness through communication with the West were first introduced in Iranian society. Inspired by the Western model, intellectuals made changes to the dominant style of government at the time and called for the rule of law. These demands gradually spread to the field of women, and although slowly, they promoted the status of women and the courage to express their demands.

Women have a direct impact on the development of society. The development of science and knowledge in the field of health and also the presence of women in various social fields from the constitution onwards is evidence of the rising level of public health in society. Many women's magazines published after the Constitutional Revolution paid special attention to women's health. One of these magazines is "Women's World", which devoted most of its articles to women's and children's health. There was a need for independent research in the field of women's health in journals.

By reviewing the articles of "Women World" magazine from 1305 to 1311 A.D., out of the total number of published articles, 69 articles on women's health and related issues are presented in Table 1, by subject, author and date. This study, with a historical perspective and with the help of library resources and review of journal articles, intends to study the role of these articles in promoting the level of women's public health by descriptive-analytical method.

Based on the studies in the articles, both physical and mental health have been taught to women and by bringing a sample of successful women, it has encouraged them to deal scientifically and correctly with their health and health issues, including children's health and home affairs.

The authors of this study have observed the principle of fidelity in the referral.

Women's acceptance of the magazine and the increase in the number of articles written by women themselves, as well as the progress of society, life expectancy, reducing the number of infectious diseases and infant mortality all confirm this fact.