فهرست مطالب fereshteh nematollahi

This study aims to examine the phytochemical properties and chemical composition of Cleome Turkmena Bobrov. The total Essential Oil (EO) of aerial parts and different organs was obtained by the Clevenger apparatus and characterized by GC-MS. The hydroethanolic extract of C. turkmena was extracted by maceration technique. The hydroalcoholic extract and EO, derived from various plant components, were evaluated in terms of antimicrobial activity against human and plant pathogens. The amount of total phenol was determined in the methanolic extract. By performing GC-MS analysis, 31 compounds were identified. Thymol (30.92%) and m-Tymol (24.04%), known as phenolic monoterpenoids derivatives, were found to be the major plant constituents. The best inhibitory activity was observed in the MIC test against Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia albertii, Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternate, and Aspergillus niger. Considering the significant phytochemical content and antibacterial properties of C. turkmena, it should be a promising candidate for comprehensive phytochemical research in future studies.

Herbal medicines are now in huge prospects in the developing and developed nation for basic health treatment. They are inexpensive and has minimal side effects. Cleome species are one of the potential sources of secondary metabolites which have high medicinal value and huge utility in healthcare development. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and ethanol extracts from various parts of two cleome species named Cleome brachycarpa (Forssk.) Vahl ex DC. and Cleome quinquenervia DC. were investigated. Antibacterial activities were determined using the MIC method against pathogenic bacteria and fungi responsible for common infections and antioxidant effects were determined by DPPH assays. Essential oils of both plants were performed better antimicrobial activities than their extracts. Also, in two tested plant oils and extracts, the antifungal properties showed better performance than antibacterial effects. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, C. quinquenervia leaf and C. brachycarpa flower and oils showed the highest activities with IC50 values of 69 and 75 µg/ml, respectively. In the present study, the essential oils obtained by hydro distillation of the organs of C. quinquenervia and C. brachycarpa were analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 48 compounds were identified in C. quinquenervia essential oil and 19 compounds in C. brachycarpa essential oil. The dominant constituents assessed in the essential oil of C. quinquenervia were p-Caryophylline-(I3) (% 29), Dibutyl phthalate (% 13), β_Element (% 11). In the case of C. brachycarpa, the main components of the total oil were: were Ent-sandaracopimaradien-3β-ol (68.02%), Cembrene (6.98%), Juniper camphor (4.2%).

In the process of extracting chemical compounds from the extract of   Cleome turkmena Bobrov, a flavonoid with a high weight percentage was extracted as pure green crystals.  The compound was purified using several chromatographic and recrystallization methods and identified by crystallography and 1H, 13C NMR and it was determined that this flavonoid is Salvigenin with the scientific name 5-hydroxy-4',6,7-trimethoxyflavone. Also, according to the lot of reports about the antibiotic properties of flavonoids, the effect of Salvigenin on inhibiting the growth of several bacteria and fungi was investigated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion (DD) methods.  The best inhibition against Bacillus pumilus with MIC value of 64 µg/ml. In disk diffusion method, best result was recorded against Salmonella typhi.

Indoor air pollution is one of the most important environmental subjects in the world with serious side effects on human health. We report the result of three replications and a factorial design experiment that assesses the effect of plants (Epipremnum aureum and Dracaena trifasciata ) on the removal of indoor air pollution. To gain the objects, potted plants were placed individually in 125 liters airtight glass containers (chamber) which had a small valve to inject and sucking airs. Each plant was exposure to, benzene 25 and 50 µl/l, acetone 25 and 50 µl/l, ethanol 50 µl/l and methanol 50 µl/l during a day (24 hours). According to the biochemical examination electrolyte leakage (%) of pothos was decreased especially in acetone 25 µl/l versus on treated sansevieria increased. Total chlorophyll content of sansevieria in all treatments was increased, while it was decreased when pothos exposure to benzene 25, benzene 50 µl/l and methanol 50 µl/l catalase activity and superoxide dismutase showed converse results. In both plant species catalase activity was decreased especially in acetone 50, however superoxide dismutase activity was increased in all treatments and in sansevieria exposure to benzene 50 µl/l more than others. There was no significant change in proline content of pothos, although there was significant increase in acetone 50 µl/l and ethanol 50 µl/l of sansevieria. The results indicate when plants exposure to the benzene, tissue cells damaged more than other treatments while, acetone had least amount of tissue cell damage. According to this paper results, both plant species have the potential of indoor air pollution phytoremediation but, pothos had higher adaptability in pollutant indoor area.

Since edible flowers have been widely used to treat different diseases, new management practices are required to improve their productivity. Potassium (K) and selenium (Se) as important nutrients can influence plant quality and quantity. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of soil applied potassium (K) and selenium (Se) on plant growth, flower quality, and some physiological and biochemical properties of Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Hér. In a completely randomized design (CRD). K was used as potassium nitrate (KNO3) in the concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 mM and Se was applied as sodium selenite (Na2SeO4) in soil application of 20, 40, and 60 µM. The results showed that the highest flower number was obtained at 5 mM K. Shoot fresh weight (SFW) significantly increased by both 6 mM K and 40 µM Se. Flower longevity was improved with increasing K concentration so that the highest flower longevity was obtained at 6 mM. The highest relative water content (RWC) and total chlorophyll (Chl.) content were observed at 4 mM K. In contrast, the lowest RWC was observed when plants were supplied with 60 µM Se. Anthocyanin and malondialdehyde ‎(MAD) significantly increased with K and Se concentrations. Although total phenolic compound (TFC) in all concentrations of K and Se was higher than control, there was no significant difference between K and Se levels. Ascorbic acid and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity increased with K and Se application, in which its highest amounts were observed at 6 mM K. P. peltatum was identified as Se accumulator because of more than 100 mg Se/kg DW in the leaves when treated with Se levels. Heat map analysis represented that 4 and 6 mM K were obviously distinguished from other treatments. This experiment suggests using 4-6 mM K and 40 µM Se to improve growth and productivity of P. peltatum.

To evaluate the effect of some air pollutants on photosynthetic pigments and stress resistance parameters in Sansevieria trifasciata L., a completely randomized experiment with 7 treatments including control, benzene 50 and 25 ml.l-1 , acetone 50 and 25 ml.l -1 , ethanol 50 ml.l-1 and methanol 50 ml.l-1 with three replications. To apply the treatments, glass chambers with closed environments and same volume and area were prepared, each glass chamber containing valves for injection or air suction. One plant was placed in each chamber and the plant volume was measured and then certain concentrations of contaminants were injected into the chambers. The results showed that the evaluated air pollutants had a negative effect on the studied characteristics compared to the control, but acetone 50 ml.l-1 caused the most severe stress in censorship and stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species, thereby increasing proline production and increasing the plant's defense system increased protein levels. The photosynthetic activity of the Sansevieria plant also increased under the influence air pollutants. Accordingly, it seems that Sansevieria plant has a good resistance to the dominant air pollutants in the construction space of hospitals, laboratories, etc., which is recommended for these places.

Selenium (Se) is an essential microelement for humans and a beneficial element for plants. Recently, biofortification with Se has emerged as a key practice to increase plant quality. The aim of present study was to investigate the postharvest responses of Pelargonium peltatum L. to the application of Se in soil. The Se was used as sodium selenite (Na2SeO4) in soil application of 20, 40, and 60 µM L-1 distilled water. The results showed that flower weight, relative water content (RWC), anthocyanin, and vitamin C decreased over the storage time. Malondialdehyde (MAD) increased by progressing the time of storage. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were significantly enhanced at early days of storage and then decreased up to the end of storage on days 4 and 6. Se significantly improved flower weight, RWC, anthocyanin, vitamin C, TPC, and TFC entire the storage. Although, Se was effective in enhancing the quality of P. peltatum L., there was no significant difference between 40 and 60 µM Se in all traits. Therefore, this experiment suggests using 40 µM Se to alleviate adverse effects induced by postharvest time growth on productivity of P. peltatum L.

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to analyses of components of floral-water of Rosmarinus officinalis. Some effective parameters such as volume of extraction, disperser solvents and salt effect were studied by a full factorial design for obtain the optimum condition. The main compounds of the floral-water of Rosmarinus officinalis were a-pinene (16.7%), camphr 9.1%) and 1,8-cineole (8.5%).