firouz aslani

Empiricism in the contemporary era led to the growth of the materialistic approach in various fields. One of these areas was the interpretation of the Qur'an. Some Qur'anic scholars analyzed the occult concepts of the Qur'an influenced by the materialistic approach. One of the commentators who interpreted the Qur'an in such an atmosphere is Mohammad Taqi Shariati. Some people, citing some of his opinions, have said that he has interpreted the occult concepts of the Qur'an to material matters. Therefore, considering the intellectual and ideological challenges that this approach had in Islamic societies, especially in Iran, and also considering the fundamental role of occult concepts in human happiness, it requires us to have a correct understanding of those concepts. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate Mohammad Taqi Shariati's view as an influential personality in the contemporary era. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate the concept of material approach to the occult concepts of the Quran based on the library method with a descriptive-analytical approach in modern interpretation. According to the findings of the research, the material adaptation is compatible with his epistemological, ontological and anthropological foundations, and from the interpretation aspect, too much in the scientific approach and scientific interpretation outside the code is considered one of the areas of the material approach to the occult concepts of the Qur'an. will be

The concept of "clean elections" implies a clear need for electoral rights. It is obvious that the increase in election expenses is the immediate result of the increase in money-raising operations, or in other words, the result of an excessive increase in the sources of financing political currents and candidates. "Clean elections" refers to a simple, clean election free of the influence of the wealthy over rivals and political rivalries, in which competition is merely a sign of personal ability and talent with a minimal use of money, not an attempt to gain political power. To secure the interests of lobbies that finance political competition. This article intends to examine the supply methods, identify the places of supply, the disadvantages and advantages of these places and finally the limitations of such assistance in an analytical way to finally have a suitable and transparent process for private financing of costs. Present the propaganda of political election candidates.

Some commentators consider "expression" in meaning of the power of speech, some have suggested it as the expression of everything, the names of objects and creatures, and others have introduced it as the power of reason, and some have meant it as Holy Qur'an. Given the differences in the meaning of expression and lack of independent research in this regard, this article tries to analyze the correct meaning of "expression" in this verse. the opinion of those who consider "expression" in the meaning of speech seems correct. Because first meaning of expression that comes to mind in the context of the verses of first al-Rahman is speech. There is evidence in earlier literary, historical and narrative texts that expression is used in the meaning of speech. Also in the fourth verse of Ibrahim, explanation is attributed to language. On the other hand, Almighty God calls Qur'an an expression for the people, and since the nature of Qur'an at the time of revelation was nothing but the nature of speech and language, it becomes clear that the meaning of expression is speaking. On the other hand, the other meanings mentioned by commentators for expression are somehow related to language and speech.

In the nineteenth century, some German thinkers such as Jellinek and Ihering, under the influence of the philosophy of thinkers such as Aristotle and Hegel, and with Savini's romantic view, established the theory of the self-limitation of power. According to this theory, the state limits itself at will. According to this view, the state, and consequently those rights, arise from the heart of society as historical products. In addition to social and cultural conditions, using psychological concepts, self-limitation was also described as a kind of "self-commitment." Therefore, the concept of government and its role in the establishment of rights, as well as its will to limit its power, is very different from what is stated in the theory of social contract and the school of law.

One of the important functions of the Parliament, is supervision of it on current affairs and the implementation of laws by the Executive. In this regard, Constitutional legislator is recognized some monitoring tools for The Parliament. According to Article (89) of Constitution, one of the methods of parliamentary oversight of the executive authorities, is »The Interpellation« of ministers on how to implement and carry out their legal duties and The Parliament can ask the ministers to explain their actions and, in case of non-persuasion, vote to dismiss them. Despite Constitutional legislators concern regarding of nation's representatives supervision the performance of executive officials through Interpellation, practical experience over the years of Article (89) reign, shows that this monitoring tool could not play effective role in parliamentary supervision of the executive and In practice, this also leads to disruptions in executive performance and in the relationship between the two powers. The question is that what is the principles and objections governing The Interpellation that caused the ineffectiveness of this tool? In this regard, Limit the scope of The Interpellation to the duties of the ministers, The necessity to reform the quorum to The Interpellation, Use of other supervisory methods, such as The Notification and The Questions before The Interpellation plan, and the prevention of its being used to put political pressure in line with efficiency, are regular and It is necessary and just to make fair The Interpellation plan process.

Executive function of council is one of the issues which has been raised related to this institution. Subjects such as the responsibility of council members for the executive affairs have made some people doubt about identifying the aforementioned function in council institutions. Therefore, the question arises as to whether we can recognize this function for the Council institution or not? Using the legal and jurisprudence sources and rules in this field, this study investigates the councils’ executive function and stating the issues brought up in that field, employing descriptive-analytic approach.
The result of the study was as follows: in jurisprudence sources, some executive functions for the council such as council competence of the selection of Muslim ruler, has been established and provided. Similarly, in the legal system of Islamic Republic of Iran, this function has been established in many cases such as former Supreme judicial council, local council, and administrative councils in accordance with constitution and regulations. Dealing with this issue, the guardian council has also viewed it with caution. But what is indisputable, is the council’s competence in this field.

Most Islamic scholars, both Shiite and Sunni, have no doubt about the necessity of forming a government in Islam and believe that Islam is not separable from politics. In their view, the Prophetic conduct shows that the execution of the Islamic law is not possible, except with the formation of the government. However, referring to some verses and narrations, some Muslim intellectuals, influenced by the slogan "separation of religion from politics", considered the leadership of the Prophet to be spiritual, and have separated the realm of the mission from the government. Using a descriptive-analytical method and discovering the relationship between religion and politics in the prophetic government, this paper seeks to answer this important question as to whether the Prophet's leadership and authority on people were based on religious teachings or had a civil and customary basis, and the people themselves have left the government to the Prophet. The findings indicate that, based on the Quranic teachings and prophetic teachings, government and politics were part of the teachings of the Prophet, the universality of the religion of Islam, presence of specific sentences and general principles of religion, all seek a religious government. Therefore, the nature of the prophetic government is religious, and the politic is its integral part.

Much importance has been attached to ‘commanding right and forbidding’ wrong in verses and hadiths, so that many jurisprudence scholars know it as the basis of the revolution against tyrannies and establishment of the Islamic system on one hand and the government's most important sustainability and durability strategy on the other hand. However despite the fact that the 8th Article of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has introduced it as public duty, still there isnt necessary context to understand its goals and legal status for the legal scholars and governors to promote and institution-build and for the public thoughts to perform and demand it. It seems that the explanation of the legal basis of this social obligation can propound a proper intellectual pattern to other Muslim and human societies to ensure legal and ethical values. Accordingly, in this paper, firstly, the views presented on rational principles of ‘commanding right and forbidding wrong’ will be reviewed and criticized; Secondly, goals shared with contemporary legal institutions will be mentioned; and thirdly, the higher position of it in regard to the possession of justified basis, than the contemporary human rights organization will be proved.

In the hadith books, the issue of Nasihat(admonition) for Islamic Ruler by the people is refered to as a right-duty and also has been common in the legal-jurisprudential literature of our country. But non-specification of the principle "al-nasiha le aemate-l moslemin" and its dimensions and its exercising method in the constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran causes disagreements on possibility of using its capacities in interpretation of principles of constitution inter alia possibility or method of supervising the leader by the Assembly of Experts.
This article answers the question that whether it is possible to find a basis in the constitution for "al-nasiha le aemate-l moslemin"? And in this case, how would be the dimensions, scope and mechanisms for its application in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially regarding the Imam ul Muslemin? This article, for this pupose’ through religious-jurisprudential investigations and comparing the principles of the constitution with them, and studying the proceedings of the House of final review and revision of the constitution and reviewing previous research, introduces principle 8 of the constitution (invitation to the good) as the basis for this issue in legal system of our country and claims that applying it regarding the Leader by the Assembly of Experts is possible and justifiable.

The council institution was established in various structures of the three branches of Iran's constitution and specific institutions such as the National Security Council and the Expediency Council. This shows the high importance of this institution for the legislative power. In discussion of the council’s functions, it is understood that this institution cannot be limited to one function (regulatory or advisory). Council has all legislative, regulatory and advisory functions in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding its situations. So in this paper, to prove the mixed function of council institution, after defining the council concept, its legislative, regulatory and advisory functions are examined in laws and regulations and Islamic Republic of Iran.

Article No.141 of Islamic Republic of Iran's constitution is a fundamental article that forbids government employees from having more than one official position. This article has religious, legal, intellectual, philosophical and historical foundations. Many reasons have been mentioned for this restriction such as avoidance of disruption of tasks, prevention of probable pressure to exercise influence, justice in employment and occupations, prevention of wasting beitulmal (Islamic country's budget), growth of talents and specialization. Paying attention to this article to improve the society is of special importance.

If culture as sources of spiritual identity of nations that understand the schema identity of the material civilization of nations have long acknowledged that Iran has preferences and cultural differences, such as customs, dialects, literature, art, and maintain and expand their coverage and ... The culture of constant concern is Iran and the Islamic Revolution can be seen as a response to historical sensitivity. Therefore, the Islamic Republic cultural institutions to engage a broad and dispersed as a result of the formation of a large number of cultural activities are not coordinated. This fragmentation of cultural activities has confirmed the need for integrated monitoring of these institutions. Supervisory bodies on the cultural activities of the Parliament and the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution because of structural weaknesses of the legal and regulatory regime failed to achieve cultural integration. The most important reason was the failure of an institution with a stable, non-partisan, professional, cultural and independent monitoring of the separation of policy-making, Qanvn¬Gzary, implementation and monitoring in the field of culture. In this paper, the definition of an efficient regulatory culture in the culture of regulatory bodies in the country and to provide solutions to current weaknesses in order to achieve optimum system monitoring culture in the country pay.

Power of the Muslim Brotherhood after Egypt’s revolution of 2011 and effective role in the approval of the constitution in 2012 ,led to be considered the idea of an Islamic state by the various media and academic circles .
This issue has necessitated need for research on this topic with a focus on the question: what is the Idea of an Islamic state in the Muslim Brotherhood's political thought? And What has developments since the start of the movement so far? According to this study it can be stated, with respect to the ideological development of the Brotherhood had during his life, with changes in the concept of state , Muslim thought about How to implement Sharia law has been transformed. Hence with highlighting the role of democratic principles in concept of an Islamic state, the Muslim Brotherhood shifted toward greater acceptance of the current structures for regulating the application of sharia and also shifted toward greater acceptance of the locus of legal authority lying in the state itself and in the Supreme Constitutional Court .

As a polemic term and an important foundation in state-citizen relationship, supremacy of law has a primary concept. In various paradigms, elements and main and primary components of supremacy of law are different. Some have accepted these propositions as reasons for its legality and some have stated reference and legitimacy as its main elements. In theory and in implementation, different impressions and analyses may be offered for these concepts such as impressions derived from form, content as well as thinking of it as a purpose and as a tool. Having investigated these concepts and impressions from supremacy of law, this article explains the primary concept and the intended impression in Islamic republic of Iran’s constitution.