فهرست مطالب foad iranmanesh

Spiritual intelligence significantly influences an individual's ethics, behavior, conscience, self-confidence, and integrity, as well as their sense of responsibility in personal, professional, and social contexts. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of spiritual intelligence on the responsibility of dental students at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2023.

This descriptive-correlation study was carried out on dental students at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2023. The Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and the Costa and McCar Responsibility Questionnaire were used to examine the students' personality traits. The data were analyzed in SPSS22 software.

The mean total spiritual intelligence score was 13.138, which was at an average level according to the questionnaire. The responsibility score was 41.39. Examining the correlation of spiritual intelligence with the dimensions of responsibility showed that responsibility had a statistically significant relationship with self-awareness and fondness (P=0.05). The scores for the overall thinking and belief dimensions were higher in individuals under 23 years old, and this difference was statistically significant. Moreover, the score of spiritual intelligence was higher in married people than in single ones, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

The responsibility of students, as future workforce members, can be influenced by spiritual intelligence. This has a greater impact in treatment sectors, leading to better and more desirable service delivery, ultimately enhancing the quality of healthcare services provided to the community and increasing overall satisfaction

The students’ self-confidence level is a key factor affecting the success of endodontics learning. This study aimed to determine the confidence level of dental students who performing root canal treatment at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2021.

In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire including demographic information, endodontic experience, attitude toward confidence in performing different stages of root canal treatment, and suggestions for improving the quality of endodontic education was distributed to dentistry students of 54 5th and 6th-year in the last month of the academic semester. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson, and ANOVA tests (α = 0.05).

According to the results, from 49 dental students, 24.5% reported the first cases of root canal treatment to be severe. The lowest confidence was reported for finding all root canals in teeth with multiple root canals, preparing access cavity and understanding and managing root canal treatment risks. According to the results of chi-square analysis test, the total confidence score between 5th and 6th year students was not significantly different (p value = 0.648). Also, the relationship between general self-confidence and students' self-confidence level was not seen (p value = 0.372). There was no significant relationship between the Confidence level and age, academic year, the difficulty level of the first endodontic treatment, and number of endodontic treatments (p value > 0.05).

Students had lower self-confidence finding all the canals in multi-canal teeth, how to properly manage the treatment risks, and preparing the access cavity. Endodontics training should also be improved by increasing clinical sessions and using recent advances in endodontics.

Both RaCe and Mtwo rotary systems introduced the 10/0.04 file as the first file used in the root canal (Glide path). This study aims to compare different factors of both the rotary systems, including cutting efficacy, file fracture, topography changes of files, and changes of the root canal.

In this laboratory study, 12 RaCe and 12 Mtwo files were prepared and tested on 24 resin blocks with 30° curvature. The time to reach the working length was recorded. Topographical changes of the files have been observed with a stereomicroscope if needed. Changes in resin blocks were measured by photographing and using Photoshop software. Data were analyzed through an independent two-sample t test and likelihood-ratio chi-squared test.

Time to reach the working length was significantly lower in the RaCe group than in the Mtwo group (3.57 ± 0.56 s vs. 10.33 ± 2.25 s, P < 0.001). File fracture did not occur in any of the two rotary systems. Topographical changes of the files in RaCe group were also less than the Mtwo group (P=0.032).

The RaCe file is faster in reaching the working length. Both files are safe and do not cause drastic changes in the root canal.

 The COVID-19 pandemic led to virtual education for students, causing many problems in many countries, including Iran.

 This study explains the challenges of virtual medical education and strategies to promote it from the perspective of students, faculty members, and educational staff of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences to meet the needs and expectations of learners and educators.

 This qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis approach in 2021. The sample size criterion was to achieve data saturation, based on which 14 faculty members, students, and educational staff were selected by purposive sampling and interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The accuracy of the data was ensured through participants’ views, peer review, and an external observer. MAXQDA version 10 was used to facilitate the analysis process.

 Based on the analysis, 4 main categories for virtual education challenges, including managerial factors, problems related to the nature of virtual education, infrastructural factors, and individual factors, were extracted. Further, 4 main categories, including improving management, improving education, providing infrastructure, and informing and empowering educators, students, and educational staff, were extracted to promote virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

 The challenges to which virtual education is faced and unique strategies to promote it during the COVID-19 pandemic were discussed. Understanding these challenges helps to their elimination and provides practical solutions for them. These challenges and solutions can lead to effective virtual education and thus increase the quality of learning.

Decontamination of gutta-percha (GP) cones is recommended before placement in the root canal system. However, the incidence of contamination is still a matter of debate. The present study aimed to evaluate the contamination of GP cones before and during clinical use by general dentists.

In this in vitro study, 120 GP cones (#20) were examined for incidence of contamination. First, 30 GP packages were opened under aseptic laboratory conditions, and two cones were randomly selected for the laboratory tests. Next, the initially sampled packages were distributed among 30 general dentists and then they were asked to use them clinically for 7 days and then the packages were collected for the microbial tests. The collected cones were placed in tubes containing thioglycolate medium and incubated at 37℃ for 21 days. Bacterial growth was detected by presence of turbidity and comparison with the control groups. A sample was collected from the tubes showing turbidity and plated in blood agar and also underwent Gram-staining, followed by colony counting. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and paired sample t-test (alpha=0.05).

None of the 60 samples from initial sampling of packages showed contamination. However, in secondary sampling after clinical use, 8.3% of GP samples were positive for contamination. There was a statistically significant difference in contamination of packages before and after clinical use (P= 0.02).

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that GP cones can become infected after opening the package and in the process of clinical use.

Despite their ascribed intellectual ability and achieved academic pursuits, the dental student’s academic achievement is influenced by learning motivation. This study in an Endeavour aimed to examine the learning motivation factors of dental students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.
In this descriptive-cross sectional study, 120 dental students completed the questionnaire which comprised of 33 questions regarding intrinsic and exogenic motivational factors. Demographic factors (gender, marital and native status, employment year of study) were examined. Data were analyzed by SPSS17 software. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods (t-test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA statistical tests) were used.
The mean of the achieved scores in the domains of learning motivation was 2.98±0.32 out of 5,which was considered as moderate level. Comparing the means of the intrinsic (3.16±0.48) and exogenic (2.82±0.44) domains showed significant differences (P Educational motivation of Rafsanjan dental students was moderate. In learning, intrinsic motivational factor was more than exogenic factors in male students.

A successful endodontic treatment depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the morphology of canal and its variations, an appropriate access cavity, proper cleaning and shaping and adequate root canal filling. The present study was carried out to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent maxillary first molars in an Iranian population.
Methods and Materials: In this in vitro study, 80 extracted permanent maxillary first molars from a population in Rafsanjan, Iran were collected. Root canal morphology was evaluated by clearing technique under stereomicroscope under 40× magnification. A combination of Vertucci’s and Sert and Bayirli’s classifications were used to determine the root canal types. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software using descriptive statistics.
All palatal roots and almost all distobuccal roots had type I configuration. Ten different types of root canal system were found in mesiobuccal roots, among which type I was the most common (38.75%), followed by type II, IV, V, VI, IX, XV, XVI=XIX and VII, respectively.
The mesiobuccal roots of permanent maxillary first molar had the most complex root configuration.

Pain control is essential to the behavioral management of children in pediatric dentistry. Effective anesthesia plays a key role in this regard, especially in pulp therapy. In order to achieve successful anesthesia, the type of analgesics and injection techniques should be considered. The present study aimed to compare the anesthetic efficacy of articaine infiltration and lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block in the pulp therapy of lower primary molars.
This randomized, crossover, triple-blind clinical trial was conducted on 64 children aged 4-10 years, who required the bilateral pulp therapy of the lower primary molars. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Treatment was performed for two sessions, and one lower primary molar was treated in each session. In the first treatment session, subjects in group A were injected with lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block, and in the second session, they were injected with articaine infiltration. In group B, all the procedures were similar to group A. In the first treatment session, subjects in group B were injected with articaine infiltration, and in the second session, they were injected with lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block. Pain intensity was measured upon the initiation of the pulp exposure using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed by crossover analysis, paired t-test, and independent two-sample t-test.
During the study period, mean pain intensity in the children treated by lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block was significantly lower compared to those treated by articaine infiltration. However, the two techniques had no statistically significant difference in the children aged 4-6 years and the treatment of the first primary molars.
According to the results, lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block has higher anesthetic efficacy in the pulp therapy of the lower primary molars compared to articaine infiltration. On the other hand, articaine infiltration could be a proper alternative to lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block in the children aged 4-6 years and the treatment of the first primary molars considering its greater ease and lower risk.

Post-operative pain and flare-up may occur in up to 58% of patients following root canal treatment. The aim was to conduct a systematic review and a possible meta-analysis to determine the effect of glucocorticosteroid (GCS) on pain following root canal treatment.
Methods and Materials: Scopus, MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases were searched up to 30th January 2017 with broad key words. In addition, the reference lists in eligible papers and text books were hand-searched. Assessment of the eligibility of papers and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers.
Of 9891 articles, 18 were recruited as eligible papers. Most of these papers showed pain reducing effect of GCS on post-endodontic pain. Because of wide heterogeneity among the recruited papers, it was not possible to perform meta-analysis.
Based on the results of this systematic review, there is a vast heterogeneity amongst articles regarding the use of GCS and their effect on post-operative pain after endodontic treatment. Further investigations with similar methods and materials are needed before meta-analysis on the effect of GCS on post-operative pain following root canal treatment can be performed

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases caused by a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β cell. In 2007, 246 million people (roughly 6%) were affected by diabetes worldwide and it is estimated that this will increase to 380 million in 2025. Diabetes is associated with several long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and some oral complications. In addition, Diabetes mellitus causes an increased risk of morbidity because of infection disease. It seems that, the increased frequency of infections associated with Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) deficiency in these patients. Therefore a low IgA secretion rate is suspected to be one of these mechanisms. Moreover, it shows a main antiviral activity by neutralizing toxins and viruses. It by inhibiting the attachment and replication of pathogenic microorganisms prevents colonization of these pathogens.Therefore, it acts as a first line of defense against pathogens and early detection of immunoglobulin A deficiency in diabetic patients can prevent the vicious cycle of recurrent infections and reduces risk for morbidity and metabolic decompensation. Moreover, the Salivary-IgA is the widespread immunoglobulin in mixed saliva and is assumed to be an important factor for adaptive immunity in the oral cavity. Therefore, according to these studies, Immunoglobulin A, its mechanism, IgA deficiency and diabetes and its relation with oral complications are explained in this paper.