foozhan tahmasebinia

Diabetes poses a global health challenge, giving rise to various complications, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). DFUs, marked by ischemic ulcers susceptible to infection and amputation, underscore the urgency for innovative treatments. This study investigated the impact of photobiomodulation therapy (PBT) and autologous platelet gel (APG) on DFUs recovery.

We systematically searched Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2015-2023) by using pertinent terms like “photobiomodulation therapy,” “low level light therapy,” and “platelet gel.” After meticulous data extraction and review, 57 articles were chosen and categorized. Among these, three randomized controlled trials involving 186 participants were selected for APG analysis.

Findings demonstrate that APG application carries minimal risk and offers promising improvements in healing time, grade, pain reduction, and granulation tissue formation. Similarly, diverse PBT modalities involving distinct probes and wavelengths exhibit the potential to enhance tissue perfusion, expedite healing, and impede wound progression, reducing the need for invasive interventions.

PBT and APG emerge as valuable tools to augment wound healing, mitigate inflammation, and avert amputation, representing compelling therapeutic options for DFUs.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The neuroinflammation in the brain of PD patients is one of the critical processes in the immune pathogenesis of PD leading to the neural loss in the substantia nigra. Due to the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin (CU) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), we examined the protective effect of CU and LLLT on PC12 cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as a Parkinson model.

PC12 cells were pretreated using various concentrations of 6-OHDA for 24 hours to induce oxidative and cellular damages. PC12-6-OHDA cells were co-treated with CU and LLLT. The effects of CU and LLLT on Bax/Bcl2 and LC3/ATG10 expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Cell A Software was used to calculate the length of the Neurite and cell body areas.

The results of this study show that the combination of CU dose-dependently and LLLT has a significant neuroprotective effect on cells and cellular death significantly decreases by increasing CU concentration. CU+LLLT decreases Bax/Bcl2 ratio which is an indicator of apoptosis and it also rescued a decrease in LC3 and ATG10 expression in comparison with 6-OHDA group.

This study shows that the combination of 5 μM CU and LLLT has the best neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells against 6-OHDA by decreasing the BAX/BCL2 ratio.

 Extensive research on bone tissue engineering as a novel therapeutic approach to design and fabricate suitable scaffolds is in progress to overcome the limitations of conventional bone repair techniques. In recent years, tissue engineering and remedial medicine have come up with the strategy of designing, fabricating, and optimizing synthetic and natural scaffolds containing cells and growth factors to facilitate the direct and indirect mechanisms of bone tissue repair in the body. Based on many studies, cellular source, cell medium condition, and biological scaffolds are critical factors in bone defect repair in the field of tissue engineering.

In this review, we focus on the combination of mesenchymal cells derived from the human adipose tissue, stem cell-to-bone differentiation medium, and biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide scaffolds in bone lesion repair to gain a better understanding of each factor. This would, in turn, help us design and develop optimal therapeutic approaches for bone repair and regeneration.

The combination of mesenchymal cells and biocompatible scaffolds proved promising in the process of bone lesion repair.

Injuries to the spinal cord (SCI) are one of the most detrimental central nervous system (CNS) injuries in developing countries. Today, treatment is one of the major issues facing the medical profession, and to date, there is no known promising treatment capable of fully healing injuries. There are various methods to repair and improve SCI, including the use of stem cells particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Various studies have been performed on applying these cells in the treatment of SCI, whose results have confirmed the efficacy of using these cells specifically due to the paracrine secretion of these cells including growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and small extracellular vesicles. Interestingly, among these paracrine molecules, exosomes may have the maximum therapeutic value and as such is widely investigated by researchers.

to fully focus on the usage of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on the healing of SCI in animal models.

Taken together, the extracellular nanovesicles have promising therapeutic potentials and their use in the treatment of SCI has been rapidly growing. In this review, we elucidated the effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow MSCs in SCI.

Thyroid gland involvement and invasion during larynx and hypopharynx cancers is rare, but due to the anatomical closeness of the thyroid gland and the larynx, it could occur through local invasion. Thyroidectomy is usually performed in patients with thyroid gland involvement having larynx and hypopharyngeal cancers. A lot of controversies exist regarding the thyroid gland involvement and efficiency of a different kind of thyroidectomy intraoperatively in these types of cancers.

Thus, elucidating the exact role of thyroidectomy, its efficiency, and parameters associated with thyroid gland involvement is critical in treating the patients with the larynx and hypopharyngeal cancers.

In this retrospective study, the medical records of 117 patients admitted to Loghman Hakim Hospital from 2001 to 2015 with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma, who underwent laryngectomy with or without thyroidectomy as a primary treatment of cancer, were evaluated. Several parameters, including gender, prevalence, location of the thyroid gland and lymph node involvement, the exact type of malignancy, differentiation stage of the tumor cells, the exact method of thyroidectomy, thyroid function, and its post-surgical cancer recurrence were assessed.

The prevalence of laryngeal cancers was significantly higher in males than females and most of the malignancies were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The location of the malignancy was mostly at supraglottis, glottis, transglottis, and subglottis, respectively. The rate of thyroid gland involvement was approximately 11.96%. Lobectomy was performed in 57.14 %, total thyroidectomy was performed in 35.71 %, and in 7.14% of the patients, and thyroidectomy was not performed. After the initial surgery, out of 11.96% of all patients with thyroid gland involvement, 28.5% had a recurrence of the thyroid gland. Only 21% of the patients with thyroid gland involvement had hypothyroidism after the surgery.

The rate of thyroid gland involvement in the pathology report after surgery was approximately 3.41% of the thyroid gland involvement, which is low. We concluded that thyroidectomy is a very efficient way, but it should be limited to cases of subglottic or transglobic involvement or in cases of bilateral tumors, high staging, post-cricoid involvement, and clear radiological evidence or in the event of muscle involvement

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have found to be implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders (ND). Neuroprotection against oxidative agents has been proposed as a therapy on the basis that it might prevent neuroinflammation. Curcumin is an anti-oxidant with anti-inflammatory properties which has been proposed to be used as a therapeutic agent in ND.

In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of curcumin on neural stem cells (NSCs) exposed to H2O2 as an oxidative injury model.

After culturing NSCs, they were co-treated with curcumin and H2O2, after which their effects were tested on cell viability using MTT assay.

Our results indicated that the high concentration of H2O2 significantly promoted cell death. Specifically, after using 250 µM of H2O2, the mortality increased dramatically in comparison with the control groups. On the other hand, the presence of curcumin encouraged cell survival of NSCs treated with H2O2.

Our result showed that curcumin has a protective effect on NSCs against H2O2 and it may ameliorate the mortality rate induced by H2O2.

Spinal cord injury is a progressive process that initially causes abnormal nerve connections. Following spinal cord injury, the spinal cord is impaired after which cell death and apoptosis occurs. Primary damage happens in the spinal cord due to the demyelization of the large axons. Cell therapy is among the new strategies that have been considered for the treatment of neural injuries in recent years.

In this narrative review article, we discuss "Cell Therapy" as a new and safe strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury. we are going to explain the epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of spinal cord injuries (SCI) as well as SCI experimental and clinical stem cell strategies.

There are several promising advancements and findings in the field of stem cell biology and cell reprogramming, with the aim of treating patients with SCI via stem cell therapy. We reviewed critical issues for clinical translation and we also provided a commentary on recent developments such as termination of the first human embryonic stem cell transplantation trial in human SCI.

The mammal's inner ear is responsible for hearing and balance. To perform these tasks, it requires the vestibular and cochlear system. Sensor neural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common type of hearing loss resulting in degeneration of internal sensory hair cell, where cochlear nerve in cochlear stem cell and gene-based strategies provide the opportunity for replacement for these cells.

In this review, we evaluated the efficiency of stem cell therapy in inner ear.

In this study we examined different articles in different databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Elsevier.

The stem cells have offered desired results in the delivery of gene and tissue engineering programs. Evidence suggests that stem cells are considered as a promising tool in medical applications thanks to their high plasticity and trophic characteristics.

In this review, Stem cell transplantation is widely used in clinical practice, and the source is highly desirable, since the patient's bone marrow cells can be potentially transplanted without any safety problems.

Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs), a type of adult stem cells, secrete bioactive molecules such as trophic factors, growth factors, chemokine and cytokines that may be effective against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases.In this study, we examined the protective effect of BMSCs conditioned media CM) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on PC12 cells exposed to H2O2 as an oxidative injury model. BMSCs were cultured and confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and underwent osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Then, PC12-H2O2 cells were co-treated with BMSCs-CM and PBMT. The effect of BMSCs-CM and PBMT (He-Ne laser, 632.8 nm, 3 mW, 1.2 J/cm2, 378 s) on Bax/Bcl2 expression, cell viability, was assessed by real-time PCR and MTT assay. The length of the Neurite and cell body areas were assessed by Cell A software. Flowcytometry analysis, as well as osteogenic and adipogenic staining, confirmed the BMSCs. The length of the Neurite was the highest in the group which received CM+PBMT and cell body areas were significant in CM+PBMT compared to other groups. Based on our results, elevating H2O2 concentration increased cell death significantly and using concentrations of 250 μM resulted in a dramatic increase in the mortality compared to the other groups. Our result demonstrated that the combination of CM +PBMT has a protective effect on PC12 cells against oxidative stress.

Many studies have shown the positive effect of laser radiation and application of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretion in stimulating bone regeneration. The aim of this study was determining effects of MSC conditioned media (CM) and low-level laser (LLL) on healing bone defects in the hypothyroid male rat. We assigned 30 male Wistar rats randomly to 3 groups: control, hypothyroidism, CM+LLL. Four weeks after surgery, the right tibia was removed. Biomechanical examination and histological examinations were performed immediately. Our results showed significant increase in bending stiffness (116.09 ± 18.49), maximum force (65.41 ± 8.16), stress high load (23.30 ± 7.14), energy absorption (34.57 ± 4.10), trabecular bone volume (1.34 ± 0.38) and the number of osteocyte, osteoblast, and osteoclast (12.77 ± 0.54, 6.19 ± 0.80, 1.12 ± 0.16 respectively) in osteotomy site in the LLL + CM group compared to the hypothyroidism group (P < 0.05). The results indicated that using the LLL + CM may improve fracture regeneration and it may hasten bone healing in the hypothyroid rat.