forouzan farrokhian

Uncontrolled urban expansion leads to fragmentation and isolation of native vegetation that are surrounded by built environment. Nevertheless, urban green patches with suitable condition are still able to serve as a connected network to support biological diversity and enhance the ecological functioning of landscape. This research aims to study the value of green spaces, in maintenance of connectivity of the urban green network of Ahvaz and applying the results in urben green patches planning.

The method is through modelling and studying the case study of ahvaz metropolis. Also the landscape ecological approach and a network analysis is used. To determine a network, all green patches in Ahvaz landscape, both in the public and private were incorporated due to their habitat values in nesting native animal species. Landscape network is modelled based on Graph Theory and using IIC metric and the network connectivity and the importance of nodes were assessed. Also, patches are prioritized based on their importance.

Resaults revealed the largest patches are of higher priority that are the farms in 4th and 5th district and a large urban park in 3rd district. Indeed, the most valuable patches are located in a linear pattern along the river path.

Accurate identification of ecological valuable patches assist the targeted increases in per capita green space and suitable distribution of green spaces within the city of Ahvaz, in particular, those districts that suffer from the low per capita of green patches, which leads to effective enhancement and conservation of most important green spaces.

The most critical environmental challenge of maritime transport in recent decades has been oil pollution. The present study was carried out to identify and determine the rate and ranking of oil pollution in the unloading and loading dock of Imam Khomeini Port by the Development Approach of the Management Model of Prevention and Response against Pollution in Emergencies in 2020.

In the present descriptive-applied study, the criteria and sub-criteria influencing in prioritizing responses in oil spill emergencies in the unloading and loading dock of Imam Khomeini Port were identified by the documentary method, prioritized based on the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) multi-criteria decision-making method, and scored by 10 experts. McKinsey’s 7s gap analysis method was also used to estimate the gap between the current and the ideal situation.

Out of 18 oil pollution scenarios, 4 were determined as emergencies. Conservation of environmental resources in case of an accident and determination of responsibility before accidents occur, with mean scores of 4.4 and 4.35, were determined as the most important agendas for planning in emergencies. In the gap analysis process with McKinsey’s method and the output spider web model, 7 components of strategy (1.65), skills (1.75), staff (2.2), management style (2.27), shared methods (2.38), structure (2.54), and system (2.79) were determined as the emergency response plan priorities.

The study’s results showed that while several factors can result in oil pollution emergencies in the unloading and loading dock of Imam Khomeini Port, there is no ideal situation for managing these threats based on gap analysis.

In recent years, the dye industry has been rapidly developed. Dyes are one in all the foremost dangerous groups of chemical compounds found in industrial effluents, which are of considerable importance for reasons like reduced light permeability and therefore the subsequent disruption of the method of photosynthesis in water sources. This study was performed to remove dye using Fe-Co-V /Zeolite from synthetic wastewater. 

After chemical synthesis of the nanocomposite, its structure by spectroscopic techniques was studied. Experiments were performed Under different pH conditions (3-11), contact time (5-50 minutes), absorbent dose (0.5-0.6 g), stirring speed (240-60 rpm), and different concentrations.

The results showed that the optimal and final conditions affecting the removal of methyl orange dye in the most suitable conditions for 200 mL of solution with a concentration of 20 mg/L at pH equal to 3, contact time 20 Minute, adsorbent weight 0.2 g, jar speed 180 rpm and temperature 25 °C, which finally with the application of optimal data, at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L, the best efficiency was obtained. Examination of isotherm diagrams and isotherm coefficients showed that the adsorption process follows the Freundlich equation.

According to the obtained results and physical and chemical properties of the synthesized nanocomposite, it can be used to remove pollutants from the environment such as wastewater and gaseous pollutants from the air.

The purpose of the current research was to identify the components of urban sustainability in the city of Likk, of the provinces of Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad, using a descriptive-analytical method. First, 36 indicators in 4 environmental, economic, social and physical dimensions of urban sustainability were determined by using documents and opinions of 23 experts in the relevant field. In order to rank the factors, AHP and Expert Choice software were used. In the present study, the inconsistency rate of all pairwise comparisons was less than 0.1. Therefore, the consistency of the comparison matrix is ​​acceptable. The innovation of the current research was to identify the indicators of sustainability in a small city with a geographical location and specific customs and culture, and to apply quantitative and qualitative criteria simultaneously and score and prioritize them. The findings showed that economic factors, environmental, physical, and social factors were important. Among the components or sub-criteria, income status and employment percentage were considered as the most important factors affecting urban sustainability. Therefore, the indicators of sustainability and their degree of importance in small cities are affected by the economic, social, environmental and physical conditions of those societies. Unbalanced growth of urbanization with inadequate urban infrastructure and lack of sufficient job opportunities cause urban instability. The process of sustainability is a multi-dimensional flow that should be avoided while paying attention to the improvement of the economic situation and the creation of public welfare, the destruction of resources, the destruction of the environment and social anomalies.

Heavy metals are derived from various sources and majority of their associated pollutants enters water resources. Most of them are dangerous to humans and the environment due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity. Some of them, such as cadmium, lead, and chromium in low concentrations, also have toxic effects. The removal of heavy metals from wastewater has been considered in recent years due to environmentally protection regulations. Industrial wastewater containing heavy metals must be treated before being discharged into the water stream, but the treatment process is costly. Research and development of new and efficient methods with the lowest cost and highest efficiency in the removal of harmful environmental pollutants such as heavy metals are one of the current efforts of human society. Cost-effective and reusable adsorbents can be used in industry. Conventional methods have their own disadvantages; hence, there is a great interest in recognizing and using available and environmentally friendly biological materials and their commercialization. This study was literature review based in which several papers were reviewd from different databases available. The results of this study showed that biological treatment by fungi, yeast, bacteria, and algae has advantages over conventional methods such as cost reduction, reduced waste sludge, lower energy consumption, higher efficiency, biomass reduction capacity and less environmental pollution. Comparison between green, brown and red algae species for cadmium and lead removal showed that brown algae adsorption capacity with a maximum adsorption capacity of 239.1 mmol/g was higher than other algae species.

Many of the environmental challenges of nations are due to inappropriate environmental behavior in the 21st century. Improving students' environmental skills as future decision makers and increasing their abilities and appropriate behavior with the environment, requires knowledge and awareness associated with it, so this study aims to identify the level of environmental behavior, awareness and skills of primary school students.

The study method is descriptive and survey type and its statistical population consisted of elementary school students in Indika in 2017. Among them, a sample of 245 people was selected using cluster random sampling method and the required information was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The apparent validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (for the variables of environmental skill, behavior and awareness, respectively 0.79, 0.70, 0.84).

Findings showed that 73.5% of students have good environmental skills. 67% of students show strongly agree statement related to environment while 20% of them are agreed. Also, 72% of students are fully aware of environmental issues while 26% of them have a little aware. The results of correlation analysis revealed average of environmental behavior, awareness and skill of female students were more than male students and in terms of employment status of parents of students, the most awareness and environmental behavior belongs to those students whose father's job were farmers, and most of the skills were related to students whose father's job was an employee. The results of correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between environmental skills, behavior and awareness with the students' academic base.

Gender, parents' occupation and educational level have been effective in students' environmental skill, behavior and awareness. To improve pro-environmental behaviors, it is necessary to strengthen awareness resources to institutionalize the readiness and inclination to take practical action to protect the environment in the form of environmental skills.

Green space is one of the important components in the city's biological system and it is one of the basic demands of the urban community. Green space should fit with demands and physical volume of the city quantitatively and qualitatively and develop and expand in line with the ecological conditions of the city. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of green space on the quality of urban life in order to improve the quality of life of citizens in  Ahvaz. The method of this research descriptive and post-event type. Data collection was done by using two methods of library and field studies. The statistical population of this research includes all citizens in Ahvaz city. According to Cochran formula, the sample size was 390 people. The questionnaire was distributed randomly among citizens. In this research, five parameters of quality of life in relation to green space were studied and citizens' opinions were analyzed with t-test and spearman correlation test using by SPSS software. The findings showed that the effect of urban green space on the life satisfaction score with a mean of 3.81 and on social and psychological dimensions was 2.97 in the 95% confidence level in the mean and significance level. The impact of green space on public health and environment of citizens, with a mean of 3.58, is meaningful at a high level and all parameters of quality of life with green space are directly and positively related. Green space, as part of the body structure and urban texture, has a very close relationship with people's lives. Therefore, with the increase and improvement of green space in the city, the overall quality of life can be improved

Increasing environmental issues and crises in the world have highlighted the importance of discussions on environment and environmental issues.Since awareness-rising requires training and environmental training is the most fundamental way for environmental protection. The present study attempts to investigate the effect of environmental training on changing the students’ environmental attitude and environmental knowledge about environmental protection. The used methodology was quasi-experimental and the statistical population included all the 2nd-grade high school female students in District 4 of Ahvaz. The study sample consisted of 180 individuals who were selected based on random cluster sampling. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire and data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software. Results obtained from comparison of three levels of attitude, behavior and knowledge in the experimental and control groups showed that there was no significant difference between averages points in the two groups before educational intervention. However a signification difference was observed in the students’ knowledge (P=0/021), attitude (P=0/042) and behavior (P<0/001) after educational intervention. The results show that theoretical and practical educations have a positive effect on attitude, knowledge and behavior of students towards environmental protection. Therefore, it seems that appropriate education of 2nd-geade high school students not only raises their awareness of environmental protection and efficient use of natural resources and the environment, but also paves the way for employing them as experts in the future to reduce environmental problems and crises.

Nowadays, environmental awareness as one of the weaknesses in the management of municipal solid waste is considered. The study was a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1393. For the combined method (method, field, library and documentary, analytical and descriptive) was used. To investigate the contribution of Abadan in the management of solid waste questions in the questionnaire items and Likert five spectral survey of residents in urban areas were used. Accordingly, 383 questionnaires were collected and distributed throughout the city. According to the general theory study of the one-sample T-test was used. In order to evaluate the effect of gender on the participation of T test and impact of education, employment status, income, age structure and status of the contribution of ANOVA test was used. Scheffe's test was used to examine the association between level of education and income levels of participation were used. Thus, the highest participation of citizens in waste management Abadan mean was 3.25 for housewives. The age structure of participation is not effective and the most willing to participate in the Group income (in Toman) of a million to one million five hundred thousand were determined. As a result development and implementation of the operational plan in the field of culturalization and awareness level raising in order to participate more citizens among unemployed, businessman, governments jobs, students and different level income include lower and upper wage between people of Abadan is centralized.

Environment and its conservation in recent decades have gained serious attention of all people and the international community and the world. In this way international biologic environment and private protected areas are considered as protective units and there are the best areas for creation of ecotourism. The wetlands have great economic, social and environmental importance due to its natural and unnatural resources. Shadegan wetland as the biggest wetland of Iran with international importance is located at south of Khuzestan plain. This applicable-developmental survey aimed to consider the weakness, strength, opportunities and threats result in creating and developing ecotourism industry in the studied area and it analyzed the presented ideas by experts and tourists. In first step the internal factors (weakness and strength) and external factors (opportunities and threats) are identified. Then aforesaid internal and external factors were evaluated in the form of tables of internal factors evaluation (IFE) and external factors evaluation (EFE), scoring and weighting. For this purpose, analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and Super desision software are used.The findings showed that for developing Shadegan Wetland ecotourism it was essential to pay attention to a collection of strategies such as offensive strategies which are on the basis of QSPM analysis, strategy of introduction of high potential of ecotourism of aforesaid area for increasing investment of private and public sections With 16.178 points was the highest priority.

If solid wastes are not collected and disposed properly, can cause environmental pollution which affect human health, animals and plants. Also aesthetic aspect of solid waste disposal is important. Therefore proper management is necessary. This study was carried out for the Identification and classification of solid waste produced by oil drilling company temporary camps based on RCRA Act and UNEP guidelines. Methods and Materials: Tools used to collect data were a questionnaire and an interview with HSE officials of the company. Also samples were collected from solid waste containers of the camps and analyzed for physical characteristics. Then the obtained data were analyzed statistically by EXCEL and Spss software’s. Results of weight percent of solid wastes were as follows: 77% biodegradable waste, 6% paper and carton, 6% pet, 3% textile, 2% glass, 2% metals, 1.5% plastic, 1% wood, 1.5 % Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) and about 0.5% hospital waste. There was a direct and statistically significant relationship between numbers of employees in temporary camps and amount of solid waste generated per capita (p < 0.05). Also the relationship between waste separations within the camps and discharge frequency of pet, plastic and metal was direct and statistically significant (p < 0.05). According to the results, total amount of solid wastes generated in 31 camps were 2801 kg at day, Wastes Density of solid wastes was 433 and per capita solid waste generation was 0.87. We can conclude that solid waste of oil drilling company temporary camps is similar to municipal solid waste and that dry wastes can be recycled and food wastes can be used for composting.

Due to the evacuation of some industrial wastewaters to Arvandrood, the presence of the radionuclide material in the river is likely. The purpose of this study was to determine the radioactivity rate in Arvandrood land area to the Persian Gulf.: The concentration of cesium radionuclide (Cs137) was measured in 20 sediment samples and 8 water samples which were collected from 20 and 8 different stations in Arvandrood respectively. The radionuclide radioactivity rates in the sediment samples were measured by using gamma spectrometry. The data were analyzed by SPSS and ANOVA. The artificial radionuclide cesium 137 radioactivity levels in sediment samples were achieved in the range of 1.13 to 4.16Bq.kg-1. The concentrations obtained in water samples were counted lower than the MDA system. There is not any threat to human health in terms of radionuclide presence in Arvandrood