فهرست مطالب ghasem dastjerdi

Drug addiction has many negative consequences. It is substantial to use methods that lead to increasing the life expectancy and decision-making of drug addicts. In addition to the treatment methods used for addiction, no study has investigated the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to improving the life expectancy and decision-making of drug addicts.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to life expectancy and decision-making in recovered drug addicts.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population of the study included recovering addicts in Yazd in 1400. By purposive sampling method, 40 people were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). For the experimental group, acceptance and commitment treatment was performed weekly in the form of 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and for the control group, no treatment was performed. The General decision making styles and Snyder's Hope Scale were completed by the participants in the pre-test and post-test stages. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

According to the results, acceptance and commitment based treatment significantly increased life expectancy scores and rational and intuitive decision-making style and significantly decreased scores of instant decision-making style and dependence in the experimental group (P <0.05).

Based on the results of this study, it seems that acceptance and commitment therapy can be effective in improving life expectancy and decision making of recovering addicts. Therefore, in the treatment and prevention of addiction, an intervention based on acceptance and commitment can be used to improve and strengthen life expectancy and decision-making in addicts and help them overcome the harm caused by addiction, especially relapse.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy with sertraline and compassion-enriched act on depression, stress, and anxiety in opioid abuse patients treated with methadone compared to intervention based on compass-enriched acceptance and commitment treatment alone.

This study was a clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test design. Forty people were selected by voluntary sampling method; after matching, they were divided into two groups with 15 participants. The first group received compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment treatment and the second group received combination therapy with compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment treatment and sertraline for 28 days. Patients were evaluated based on the Anxiety-Stress-Depression Questionnaire (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, multivariate analysis of covariance test at the level of 0.05.

The results showed that both interventional methods effectively treat depression, stress, and anxiety (p<0.01), while the combined treatment of enriched acceptance and commitment treatment with compassion plus sertraline has the most significant effect on the studied parameters (p<0.01).

Acceptance and commitment treatment enriched with compassion plus drug therapy effectively reduces depression, stress, and anxiety in opioid addicts under methadone maintenance treatment and can be used as an effective method in the treatment of addiction.

 Psychological problems caused by addiction or opioid withdrawal symptoms can increase the risk of re-abuse in patients receiving MMT. This study aimed to Comparison of the combined effect of methadone with sertraline or venlafaxine on mental health indicators of drug abuse patients.

 This study is a clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test design. At first, 40 patients treated with methadone were selected by voluntary sampling and randomly divided into two groups. The first group received venlafaxine and the second group received sertraline during the intervention. Patients were evaluated based on the Anxiety-Stress-Depression Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of covariance at the significance level of 0.05.

 Findings showed that sertraline and venlafaxine effectively affect mental health dimensions, including depression, anxiety, and stress, in patients undergoing MMT (P<0.001(. No significant difference was observed between the effect of sertraline and venlafaxine on depression, anxiety, and stress in these patients ((P<0.05).

 Venlafaxine and sertraline can be used to improve the mental health dimensions of patients undergoing MMT, and due to their similar efficacy, drug selection can be based on the psychiatrist's decision and the extent of drug side effects.

The persistence of post-detoxification problems in drug addiction is one of the disadvantages of the ultra-rapid opioid detoxification (UROD) method. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been introduced in experimental addiction treatment for some years. Results of pilot studies suggest that it might be a promising method for addiction treatment. This study explores the adjunctive application of tDCS during treating opiate addiction with the UROD approach.

This double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial was carried out on patients with substance abuse admitted to the Bahman Clinic of Yazd City in Iran (from March to September 2014). Forty participants were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. Two sessions of tDCS (real or sham) over dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) were applied, accompanied by UROD. Withdrawal symptoms and craving were assessed by the drug desire questionnaire and objective opiate withdrawal scale before UROD and for the 24-hour interval after.

Transcranial direct current stimulation optimized the opiate addiction treatment through craving and withdrawal syndrome alleviation.

The study results indicate that prefrontal tDCS may promote the efficacy of the UROD method in opioid addiction.

Drug addiction is one of the main problems of human life today and imposes a great cost on societies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy on emotion regulation and prevention of relapse of recovering addicts.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population of the study included recovering addicts in Yazd in 1400. 39 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (19 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). For the experimental group, short-term intensive psychotherapy was performed weekly in the form of 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and for the control group, no treatment was performed. The Wright's relapse prediction questionnaire and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in the pre-test and post-test stages were completed by the participants. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

According to the results, after short-term intensive scanning psychotherapy, the scores of adaptive emotion regulation strategy and relapse prevention in the intervention group had a significant improvement compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Based on the results of this study, it seems that short-term intensive scanning psychotherapy can be effective in increasing the adaptive strategy of emotion regulation and prevention of relapse in recovering addicts.Keywords: Emotion regulation, Relapse prevention, short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy

Addiction is one of the most important health challenges around the world. Investigating effective prevention methods and treatment interventions are the main concerns of researchers in this field. The present study was done to evaluate the quality of non-drug interventions at addiction treatment centers in Yazd province.

Out of 130 addiction treatment centers in Yazd Province, 30 centers, and from these centers 300 patients were selected randomly. Information was acquired through questionnaires, validated by the researcher. The assessments were focused on different fields of non-drug intervention at addiction treatment centers including individual consultation, motivational interviews, training about how to cope with cravings, and group therapy.

The quality of non-drug interventions at 86.7% of the centers was relatively moderate and in 10% was poor. 30% and 33.3% of the centers had respectively poor and moderate quality services for motivational interviews. The quality of training services with respect to coping with craving was medium at 50% and desirable at 50% of the centers. Moreover, 40% and 53.3% of the centers had a poor and moderate quality level of group therapy respectively. Patient satisfaction about non-drug interventions was mainly high or very high. 

In non-drug interventions, patient’s satisfaction was high. Therefore, it is suggested that non-drug temptation reduction interventions be performed in rehabilitation centers, along with other treatments.

Psychological problems can reduce the effectiveness of opioid withdrawal, so complementary therapies are used to increase the effectiveness of treatment in these patients. In this study, the addition of the "compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment" psychotherapy method to Venlafaxine to control depression, stress, and anxiety in opioid addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) was investigated.

This study is a clinical trial with pre-test and post-test design. Forty opioid addicts treated with MMT were selected by voluntary sampling method and after matching were divided into two groups (n=20), including Venlafaxine alone and Venlafaxine in combination with compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment. Patients were evaluated on the DASS21 anxiety-stress-depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square, paired and independent t-tests, and analysis of covariance with a 95% confidence interval.

Findings showed that both intervention methods were effective on depression, anxiety and stress (P<0.05). However, combination therapy of compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment therapy with Venlafaxine had a greater effect on depression, anxiety, and stress in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (P<0.05).

Adding compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment Psychotherapy to Venlafaxine improves the control of depression, anxiety, and stress in opioid addicts under MMT and can be used as an effective method in the treatment of mental disorders in these patients.

In this comparative study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group reality therapy versus desipramine pharmacotherapy in reducing the craving and relapse of methamphetamine-dependent patients.

This semi-experimental research was conducted using a control group and two experimental groups of reality therapy and desipramine pharmacotherapy. The statistical population of this study included all methamphetamine-dependent patients under methadone treatment who were referred to the health clinics of Yazd city, Iran. We selected 30 patients using convenience sampling and then categorized them randomly into three groups of reality therapy, desipramine pharmacotherapy, and control. In the pre-test stage, the risk questionnaire was administered to evaluate the stimulants. The first experimental group attended 10 reality therapy sessions once a weak and was assessed immediately after the treatment. The data were analyzed using the covariance analysis.

The findings showed no significant difference between the total mean score of the reality therapy and desipramine pharmacotherapy groups (F= 3.289, P= 0.087). Hence, these two interventions did not affect attenuating craving to use the drugs. To check the homogeneity presumptions of the covariance matrix and variances of the two groups, the Box (6.241) and Levine (0.250) tests were applied, respectively. The results about the experimental groups (Reality therapy and Desipramine group) compared to the control group were meaningful.

There was no significant difference between reality therapy and desipramine pharmacotherapy groups in reducing the craving to use the drugs.  The scope of changes showed that craving for drug consumption reduced in reality therapy (51.0) and desipramine pharmacotherapy (36.0) groups.

Psychiatric problems like suicide, self-harm, and injurious behaviors are important and common in chronic diseases like diabetes. This study aimed to compare suicidal ideations and self-injurious behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without complications referring to diabetes research center in Yazd, 2017.

In this case-control study, simple random sampling was used. The data were collected using standard questionnaires. Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) was used to investigate suicidal ideations and Sanson questionnaire was used for self- injurious behaviors. Finally, the collected data were entered into SPSS version 19. Also, t-test was used to compare the means and Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency distributions.

A total of 360 patients were studied in two groups of 180 (complicated and non-complicated). Of these patients, 189 (52.5%) were male and 171 (47.5%) were female. Moreover, only 1 patient (0.3%) had self-injurious thoughts and 1 patient (0.3%) had high suicidal ideations. There was no significant difference between the frequency distribution of self-injurious thoughts and suicidal ideations in the two groups (p=0.371). There was no significant difference between the frequency distribution of self-injurious thoughts and suicidal ideations in the two groups according to the gender (p=0.285, p=0.432).

The results showed that the frequency of self-injurious thoughts and suicidal ideations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is low and the complications of the disease do not affect this abundance.

Oral health affects physical and mental health, growth, enjoyment and community. Anxiety and depression can lead to tooth decay, thereby indirectly affecting the periodontal health of people. Those who experience mental illness also suffer from poor oral health and do not adherence with oral health instructions. Mental illness leads to fear, unhealthy habits, and distrust of dentists, each of which alone affects oral and dental health. This study aimed to evaluate the DMFT-affecting mental diseases in adults in Shahedieh in a cohort study in 2016.

In this prospective cohort study, Shahedieh cohort plan was used to collect the research data. Different psychological variables such as the history of these diseases, the drugs used in these patients, and the current incidence of mental illness were extracted from the especial Yazd Shahedieh cohort questionnaire. Oral health status in the participants was estimated based on the DMF index for permanent teeth in the participants. Mean, percentage, and standard deviation was performed to describe descriptive data, as well as Chi-square, t-test, and ANOVA, Regression. In addition, a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

In the present study, total, 9967 subjects were enrolled in the study, 5028 of whom were men and 4939 were women. No significant difference was observed between the male and female participants regarding the number of decayed (p=0.14) and missing teeth (p=0.24) and DMFT index (p=0.69). There was no significant relationship between age and DMFT indexes. No correlation was observed between the level of education and DMFT index (p=0.147). There was no significant relationship between DMFT index and psychological disorders (depression [P=0.19]), other psychiatric diseases [P= 0.32]), mental health care (depression treatment [P=0.45] and treatment of other psychiatric diseases [P=0.97].)

According to the results of the study, no significant relationship was found between the DMFT index based on the mental and psychological profiles of the subjects.

Pregnant women are classified as one of the vulnerable groups. Physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy predispose them to serious psychiatric disorders; if not identified and treated in time, it can have a negative and long‑term impact on mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive–behavioral counseling of pregnant women with the presence of a spouse on the level of stress, anxiety, and postpartum depression.

The present study is a clinical trial that was performed on 40 pregnant women with a gestational age of 32–28 weeks (20 in the intervention group, 20 in the control group) who were randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group according to the inclusion criteria. Cognitive–behavioral group counseling in the presence of spouses was performed by the midwife and under the supervision of a psychologist, in eight sessions, each session lasting 90 min, once a week for the intervention group. The control group received routine care and a counseling session. Data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire and Depression–Anxiety– Stress Scale 21, which were completed before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and on the 14th day after delivery in both groups. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests, independent t‑test, repeated measures test, Bonferroni post hoc test, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

The results of this study showed that the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression in the two groups in the preintervention stage were not significantly different (P < 0.05), but in the postintervention stage and follow‑up, the mean scores of stress (P < 0.001), depression (P = 0.010), and anxiety (P = 0.029) in the intervention group were significantly reduced compared to the control group.

According to the research findings, cognitive–behavioral group counseling can be effective as an approach in improving the symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women. Therefore, it is necessary to plan properly to use this counseling approach to manage stress, anxiety, and depression in women during pregnancy.

Having a proper sexual function is one of the most important factors in improving marital life quality and family relationships in married people. There are a few appropriate interventions for developing the quality of sexuality in the life of married women in Iran.

Thus, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of sexual skills training with an eclectic approach in sexual function in Iranian women.

This study was a randomized single-blinded clinical trial conducted from April to September 2015 on 30 women referring to counseling centers of Yazd selected with the purposeful sampling method. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups of 15. The experimental group received sexual skills training in nine sessions of 90 min (two sessions per week) but the control group remained on the waiting list. The data were collected before the intervention and five weeks afterward using a demographic form and Female Sexual Function index (FSFI-19). We used SPSS-21 to analyze data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, chi-square test, t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at the P = 0.05 level.

The results showed that sexual skills training with an eclectic approach significantly increased sexual function and its subscales such as sexual desire and stimulation compared to the control group (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in lubrication and orgasm subscales.

It can be deduced that sexual skills training has an effective role in promoting sexual function in married women. Thus, this cost-effective therapy can be used to increase the sexual quality of women.

Alopecia areata is a fairly common disease characterized by patchy aria of hair loss. The role of psychological factors in the occurrence of alopecia areata has long been discussed. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of stress and anxiety and depression in the patients with alopecia areata in Yazd City in 2017.

This study was a cross-sectional study and 50 patients with alopecia areata in Yazd were compared with 50 in the control group in the year 2016. Sampling method was a census and variables, including sex, age, education level, duration of lesion, frequency of relapse, and location of the disease were collected and recorded using a questionnaire. The depression anxiety stress-scale (DASS) (Dass11) questionnaire was used for scoring anxiety, stress and depression. For analyzing the collected data were entered into SPSS version 13.

The results of the study showed that the mean age of the participants in the study was 30.27 ± 8.7, the mean duration of lesion was 23.5±53.52 months and the mean recurrence rate was 1.4±2.2. From 100 participants in the study, 36 (36%) were women and 64 (64%) were men. The mean score of depression (6.8 vs 4.6), anxiety score (6.08 vs 3.5) and stress score (10.06 vs 8.06) were found to be significantly different between the two groups. Also, in women and in the age range of 17-29 years, the mean of depression and anxiety scores was significantly different in the two groups (P-value <0.05).

According to results, it can be concluded that the frequency of depression, anxiety and stress in the patients with alopecia areata is significantly more than the control group.

Skin wrinkles are typically the result of aging process. Botulinum toxin injection is a method that has many applicants. This study was performed to determine the personality disorders individuals who requested to inject botulinum toxin to improve facial wrinkles.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on women and men with facial wrinkles who were referred for botulinum toxin injection to laser clinic of Yazd in 2016. The Millon questionnaire was used to determine the personality disorders. Finally, the data were analyzed by using SPSS 22 software and descriptive statistical tests.
51 individuals participated in this study with a mean age of 35.9±9.5 years. The highest frequencies were in the age group under 35 years old with 26 (51%), females with 45 (88.2%), Bachelor's degree and above with 31 (60.8%) and married status with 35 (68.6% individuals). Obsessive-compulsive disorder with frequency of 7 (13.7%) and dramatic personality trait with frequency of 6 (11.8%) were the most common disorders after normal condition. The influence of factors such as age, sex, education and marital status were not significant in the prevalence of personality disorders.
Most individuals who requested botulinum toxin injection had a normal psychiatric condition followed by obsessive-compulsive disorder and dramatic personality trait. This indicates the importance of beauty in the social status of the individuals which forces them to remove wrinkles for a more effective presence in the community.

Several environmental and psychosocial risk factors are known for adolescent smoking as the single cause of preventable diseases and premature death. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, socio-demographic factors associated with cigarette smoking (age, education level, parents’ job, and family’s socioeconomic statues), and the role of family and friends in cigarette smoking by high school students.
In this cross-sectional study which was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, 900 high school boy students (grades 9-11) were selected through multistage random cluster sampling. They responded a researcher designed anonymous questionnaire about smoking experiences of themselves- and their friends and family members. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test and Binary logistic regression analysis were used to analysis of the data, using the SPSS version 17.0.
The mean age of the participants was 16.11 (1.16) years and 19.7% of the students were ever smokers. Students’ higher educational grade (P=0.001), fathers’ lower education level (P=0.03), live with one parent or people other than parents (P=0.024), father’s, siblings’, and friends’ smoking, and family members’ cigarette smoking at home (P Cigarette smoking is a public health concern in all families from different socio-economic status. Special attention to orphans and children of divorce, setting rules about cigarette smoking in families, monitoring and being aware of offspring’s and their friends’ behavior can be recommended.

Hair loss is a chronic and frequent dermatological condition. It negatively affects the psychological status, social relationships and daily activities of the patients The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalnce of depression in women with hair loss in a referral dematology clinic in Yazd, Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 21 to June 21, 2015. Fifty-four women suffering from hair loss referred to the Shahid Sadoughi Dermatology Clinic in Yazd were recruited. Depression assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using versioin 18 of PASW (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and Fisher's exact test was used for comparing proportions in different groups.
The mean ± standard deviation score of depression was 16.1±13.5. The study showed that 67% of hair loss patients were experiencing depression. While not statitically significant, frequency of depression seems to be associated with the level of education (P=0.052). There was no associatioin between the frequency of depression and age, marital status, previous medical history, or drug use.
This study showed that depression is highly frequent among women with hair loss. Beauty is crucial for most women and feeling the lack of beauty and not being attractive decrease their social interaction. More effective treatment of hair loss may improve depression and community relations, and consequently result in higher quality of life in a hair loss patient.