gholamhossein yaghoobi

Granular and lattice corneal dystrophies (GCDs & LCDs) are autosomal dominant inherited disorders of the cornea. Due to genetic heterogeneity and large genes, unraveling the mutation is challenging.

Patients underwent comprehensive clinical examination, and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used for mutation detection. Co-segregation and in silico analysis was accomplished.

Patients suffered from GCD. NGS disclosed a known pathogenic variant, c.371G>A (p.R124H), in exon 4 of TGFBI. The variant co-segregated with the phenotype in the family. Homozygous patients manifested with more severe phenotypes. Variable expressivity was observed among heterozygous patients.

The results, in accordance with previous studies, indicate that the c.371G>A in TGFBI is associated with GCD. Some phenotypic variations are related to factors such as modifier genes, reduced penetrance and environmental effects.

Trachoma as a common cause of infectious blindness is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. This study aimed to review the available data from variety of sources and provide an overview of the epidemiological situation of Trachoma in Iran focused on the past seventy five years. A literature search of English and Farsi articles regarding trachoma in Iran from the electronic databases and paper documents was performed. Original articles, case reports and letters were included. By the early and mid-20th century, trachoma was widely endemic with the prevalence rate of more than 60% in Iran. Currently, trachoma prevalence is significantly lower than in the past and the elimination of trachoma is achievable in the near future. The decline in active disease is mainly attributed to improvement of socio-economic situation and personal and environmental hygiene rather than targeted interventions for epidemic control. Elimination of trachoma in Iran is achievable. However, trachoma prevalence estimation is required to be interpreted with some caution. Uncertainty around these estimates is partly because of the mismatch between the presence of infection and clinical findings.

Trachoma as a common cause of infectious blindness is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. This study aimed to review the available data from variety of sources and provide an overview of the epidemiological situation of Trachoma in Iran focused on the past seventy five years. A literature search of English and Farsi articles regarding trachoma in Iran from the electronic databases and paper documents was performed. Original articles, case reports and letters were included. By the early and mid-20th century, trachoma was widely endemic with the prevalence rate of more than 60% in Iran. Currently, trachoma prevalence is significantly lower than in the past and the elimination of trachoma is achievable in the near future. The decline in active disease is mainly attributed to improvement of socio-economic situation and personal and environmental hygiene rather than targeted interventions for epidemic control. Elimination of trachoma in Iran is achievable. However, trachoma prevalence estimation is required to be interpreted with some caution. Uncertainty around these estimates is partly because of the mismatch between the presence of infection and clinical findings.

Intravitreal Avastin (bevacizumab) injection is reportedly accompanied by ocular and systemic side-effects. Our enquiry assesses whether there are any differences between intraocular pressure (IOP) in baseline and on the day after injection in patients treated for retinal disease.
In this experimental study, 82 eyes with retinal diseases that had indication for anti-VEGF and were treated with injections of intravitreal bevacizumab were taken as the case group, and 82 healthy eyes were considered as controls. The IOP was measured by non-contact tonometry in both the healthy eyes and the eyes with retinal diseases before and 24 hours after intervention. Data were analyzed by paired t test and independent t-test in SPSS 19.0 software. Significance level was set at P Results of the study showed that the mean IOP before injection was not significantly different in either groups (p=0.51). However, it was significantly lower after injection than before it in both case and control eyes (p Our study did not find an increased IOP in bevacizumab-treated eyes when compared to fellow control eyes. Further studies with a greater sample size are needed to evaluate whether an increased number of ranibizumab injections is associated with IOP changes.

Retinal vein occlusion causes sudden visual loss and macular edema.Visual improvement after intravitreal Bevacizumab in recent years is argued in this study. To define the Bevacizumab effect on visual outome in retinal vein occlusion.
All attendants who had a diagnosis of retinal vein occlusion after ophthalmic examination enrolled in this study. The logarithm of the vision set, before 1.25 mg Bevacizumab injected intravitrealy was compared with postoperative visual acuity of log Mar of 1, 3 and 6 months after injection. The possible side effects of intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab ,after 1, 3 and 6 months were recorded. The Cross Kalvalys ,Wilcoxon and Friedman rank correlation coefficients of α≤0.05 were assessed in study.
The mean age of 39 patients was 60.70 ± 10.9 years. The mean disease duration was 2.29 ± 2.72 months. There was statistically significant difference in mean Log Mar visual acuity regarding the duration of time. Mean visual acuity before injection was 1.58 ± 0.81, a month after the injection 0.93 ± 0.77, three months after the injection 1.16 ± 0.97, and six months after injection, 1.27 ± 1.
The Bevacizumab has significant role in improving vision in patients with retinal vein occlusion, although ocular complications after intraocular injection of Bevacizumab are far less than other similar approaches but few no responding occur which develop neovascular glaucoma.

The classical clinical triad of retinitis pigmentosa is arteriolar attenuation، retinal bone- spicule pigmentation and waxy optic disc pallor. A 33 year old female patient is introduced here. She had unilateral posterior subcapsular cataract، heterochromic iris، and uveitis. The patient also suffered night blindness، had a family history of low vision، and reduced visual acuity in her right eye. After the best correction، visual acuity was: OD=20/200 and OS=20/20 (with-1. 5 spher-0. 50cyl x 170). Anterior segment examination revealed trace cell with diffused moderate keratic precipitate and heterochoromia with posterior subcapsular cataract. But the examination revealed a normal condition in the left eye. Both eyes had characteristic retinal changes of retinitis pigmentosa. Retinitis pigmentosa can be associated with Fuch’s- like uveitis sporadically; but Fuch’s heterochromic uveitis of affected pedigree was not found.

Refractive errors are common eye problems which is a risk factor for impaired vision and glaucoma. The expert supposed that one possible reason for the increased incidence of glaucoma in patients with refractive errors is intraocular pressure. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between refractive errors and intraocular pressure. In this case - control study 115 patients with refractive error as the case group and 115 clients who were matched for age، sex and other characteristics، and did not have refractive error were selected through the sampling as the control group. The non-contact tonometer method، without the use of anesthetic in eye and with the help of air pressure was used the measure and record the intraocular pressure by an opopetrist specialist. Data were collected in spss15 software and analyzed by using Chi Square، t test and one way Variance at the level of 0. 05. The results showed that mean IOP of right eye in the case group was higher (15. 75 ± 2. 28) than control group (15. 03 ± 2. 16) (P = 0. 015). The mean intraocular pressure of left eye also in the case group were higher (15. 37±2. 38) than the control group (14. 69±1. 99) (P=0. 02). Results showed that in the right eye and the left eye in patients with refractive error the intraocular pressure was higher than those without refractive error. However، the mean IOP showed no significant differences based on the type of refractive error. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the refractive errors are risk factors of intraocular pressure.

A 44 year old woman presented with decreased vision and floaters، started since 4 days before، in her right eye referred to our ophthalmology clinic. On examination، it was found that the best corrected visual acuity was limited to R-E: 20/80 and that of the left eye: 20/20. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed a rhegmatogenous subclinical retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage 15 months after surgery for myopia، but the left fundus was normal. Barrier diod laser photocoagulation around the tear was done. Subclinical retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage resolved one month after barrier laser photocoagulation، but visual acuity of patient reduced to 3/200 due to development of macular pucker.

To determine the correlation between presumed risk factors and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). This descriptive analytical study was performed on medical records of patients with type II DM referred to a diabetes clinic in Birjand Valiasr Hospital from September 2006 to September 2007. Parameters included age, sex, duration of DM, type of ocular involvement, blood lipid profile and levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and hemoglobin A1C (Hb A1C). The study included 359 patients with mean age of 51.2±0.8 (range 35-65) years including 66.6% female subjects. Duration of DM was less than 5 years in 54.2%. Overall, 37.3% of patients had ocular involvement including non-proliferative retinopathy in 71.6%, proliferative retinopathy in 20.2% and cataracts in 3.0%. There was a positive correlation between presence of retinopathy and DM duration (P=0.001), age (P=0.006), male sex (P=0.002), high FBS levels (P=0.03) and low Hb A1C levels (P=0.001) but there was no significant correlation between retinopathy and blood lipid profile. Duration of diabetes, aging, male sex, high FBS levels and low Hb A1C levels increase the chance for developing diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.