h. jalili

The Zafarghand area is located as a porphyry Cu deposit in the northeast of Isfahan and the southeast of Ardestan, which is a part of the Iran-Central structural zone; More precisely, it is located in the Urmia-Dokhtar volcanic belt. In the porphyry Cu deposits exploration, identifying and determining the alteration zones is of special importance. The aim of the present study is to identify and highlight the alteration zones of Zafarghand area, with the help of fractal geometry in the processing of ASTER sensor satellite images. Accordingly, considering the raster nature and digital form of satellite images, the digital number values of each pixel from the image matrices were considered as samples in a systematic network. Finally, the algorithm of the Concentration-Area (C-A) fractal model was implemented as an efficient method for determining anomaly samples in the set of digital number (DN) values of ASTER satellite image pixels. The alteration zones identified with the help of the aforementioned technique based on their expansion in the region represent the very effective performance of this method. So that, especially in the case of phyllic and propylitic alterations, there is a very high correspondence between the results of satellite image processing and the spread of alterations in field studies. The non-identification of potassic and argillic alterations in the obtained results is also directly related to their limited expansion in the study area. Finally, it could be acknowledged that the application of the fractal C-A method (considering its structural nature) in decision-making has been successful and has proven to be very effective in determining the alteration zones in the Zafarghand area.

Separation and mapping of alteration zones is of special importance in the exploration of porphyry copper types. In order to highlight these alteration zones, remote sensing techniques have been applied. Zafarghand region is located in the southeast of Ardestan and northeast of Isfahan. Based on the division of geological structural zones, it is located in the Central Iran zone and also in the middle part of Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic volcanic arc. In this area, there are different alteration halos, including phyllic, potassic, propylitic, argillic, and slightly siliceous. In this study, argillic, phyllic, propylitic, and clay alterations have been identified using ASTER sensor images. Moreover, LANDSAT 8 images have been employed to identify clay and iron oxide alterations. In this regard, after performing the necessary pre-processing, methods of False Color Combination (FCC), Band Ratio (BR), Least Squares-Fit (LS-Fit), Matched Filtering (MF), and Principal Combination Analysis (PCA) were applied to reveal the zones containing these alterations. Among the applied methods, the LS-Fit and MF in Aster images, as well as the BR method in both images, and the PCA method in Landsat 8 have brought good results.

Spinel ferrites nanoparticles are among the most important magnetic materials and their applications in ‎different areas have increased significantly in the last two decades. The idea of using ferrites ‎nanoparticles in medical applications, caused attraction of attention of researchers in worldwide to this field ‎and increase number of studies on the subject. The increase of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast is one ‎of the most important medical applications of spinel ferrite nanoparticles. The imaging results of ‎live organisms show that the spinel ferrite nanoparticles can increase the contrast of images of ‎cancerous cells and therefore help tumors diagnosis. Magnetic hyperthermia is another ‎application of spinel ferrite nanoparticles, in which several factors affect the specific adsorption ‎rate and efficiency of the method. However, this method has not yet been applied to human kind, ‎and it is being studied in laboratories on animals like mouse etc. Targeted drug delivery is the ‎third application of spinel ferrite nanoparticles in the field of medicine. This method is one of the ‎most advanced treatment routes. In this method, several parameters must be considered to ‎achieve the best results. Considering the importance of health and treatment, the main purpose of ‎this review is to give the latest results of studies on the three mentioned methods on using the ‎spinel ferrite nanoparticles for medical purposes‎.

Trustocytrides have received a great deal of attention in recent years for producing a significant amount of omega-3 fatty acids. However, their commercial and sustainable production from microalgae sources faces technical and economic limitations. In this study, the effect of temperature and different carbon and nitrogen sources in YEP calture on the growth and fatty acids profile in a newly isolated strain of Aurantiochytrium sp. SHY has been conducted. Glucose produced more biomass, but galactose was more suitable for lipid formation. Galactose promoted the highest production of fatty acids (36.4%), but the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to fatty acids was 19.05% which was less than glycerol. With an increased glucose concentration, EPA is considerably higher and DHA is only slightly increased. This is the first study that has been carried out on this new isolate wherein a mixed carbon source was used in the culture media and the results showed the microorganism’s preferences for carbohydrate consumption is in the following pattern: glucose > galactose > fructose> sucrose. The meat extract was the most suitable nitrogen source for biomass development (7 g L-1), but the maximum DHA to fatty acids ratio (25%) was achieved when the microorganism consumed monosodium glutamate as a nitrogen source. The strain produced more biomass at 25°C, and lowering the temperature achieved a higher DHA formation. The results of this study show that if this strain is going to introduce as a good potential candidate for food industries and aquaculture, it needs more study in bioreactor that’s going on.

Astaxanthin is a precious material and has many favorites for human; it is extracted from some creatures such as Haematococcus lacustris. Researchers try to maximize the production of this material. In this research effects of linoleic acid (LA), TiO2 and SiO2 Nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated on astaxanthin production, and expression of two astaxanthin metabolic pathway genes (CRTO and CRTR). The microalgae was cultured in BBM medium for 19 days autographically. In 3rd day, treatments were added to the cultures and astaxanthin measured in 3 days respectively in logarithmic and stationary phases, also RNA was extracted, Real-time PCR applied and Gene expression investigated in 11th. 30 µM LA and TiO2 NPs (40 mg L-1) induced 3.4 and 1.5 times astaxanthin production compared to the control, furthermore, CRTO and CRTR under 30 µM LA and SiO2 NPs (40 mg L-1) treatments displayed the highest gene expression. It was demonstrated that special concentration of Linoleic acid and TiO2 NPs, as inducers, could be used for astaxanthin production; also, Linoleic acid has a direct relationship with astaxanthin production and CRTO´s gene expression in the microalgae.

In this study, a native microalgae strain with a high capability of DHA production has been isolated and purified from mangrove shores in the Persian Gulf. Morphological and molecular identification based on 18S rRNA gene showed that the isolated strain belongs to Aurantiochytrium genus. In order to optimize the growth of this strain, various environmental factors were examined, including temperature (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C), salinity (10, 30 and 50 g L-1) and different concentrations of nitrogen sources of yeast extract, peptone, meat extract and monosodium glutamate, each of which was tested at the concentration of 10 g L-1. The findings show that the optimal growth conditions occur at temperatures of 25-30 °C, pH equal to 6 and in the presence of meat extract as the nitrogen source. In these conditions, the cellular biomass weight, fatty acids and DHA amounts obtained were 7.34, 2.25 and 0.4 g L-1, respectively. These results imply that the new isolated strain of Aurantiochytrium sp. shy it can be suitable for lipid production.