h. zolfagharian

Inroduction & Objective:

Scorpion venom sometimes causes the production of pro inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2, as a mediator of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. On the other hand, cyclosporine has cytokine inhibitory properties, especially interleukin-2. The aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the drug intervention to control and treat histopathological liver tissue failure caused by the harmful mechanisms of scorpion sting inflammation by injection of cyclosporine and Odontobuthus doriae scorpion venom.

This study was performed in Razi Serum and Vaccine Institute of Karaj and in this study male mice in 5 groups of 10; The first group of normal saline, The second group has only one sub-lethal dose of venom and groups 3, 4 and 5 in addition to one sub-lethal dose of venom, Cyclosporine was given at doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg/day, respectively. Serum levels of interleukin-2, Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase and liver tissue changes were determined by sampling liver tissue.

Venom injection significantly increased the serum levels of interleukin-2 (P <0.05), Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase and treatment with cyclosporine showed a significant decrease in the serum levels of interleukin-2 (P <0.05) and Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase. Histological studies showed improvement in edema, hemorrhage, and hepatic hyperemia in the groups after cyclosporine injection compared with the venom group

Cyclosporine treatment significantly reduces the effects of scorpion venom on interleukin-2 levels, as well as the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and liver tissue injury.

Two produce a high potency diphtheria toxin two methods of detoxilïcation were applied. In the revised method the toxin was purified before detoxification by formaldehyde-stabilizing agent mixture. In the convention al method the crude toxin \Vas detoxified by formaldehyde alone. In this method culture lïItrates contain numerous impuritics and metabolites that may cause heterogenous product. The potency and reversibility of toxoid prepared by the revised method were tested and showed desirable immunizing and irreversibility. It possessed a high degree of purity, potency, recovery and showed no tendency to revert to toxin. Our results indicate that the purilïcation index and recovery percentagc in the revised method was significantly improved (p<O.O 1) as compared with the conventional method. The percentage of purification 25, rccovery 15.6, and potency 9.8 were increased in the revised method.

Snake venoms contain a rich variety of factors which affect blood coagulation. There have been few reports on the anticoagulant activity of the venom of different cobras, but no such observations have been made on the Iranian cobra, although a procoagulant factor has been described. In this study an anticoagulant factor has been purified from the venom of Naja naja oxiana using gel filtration followed by isopycnic ultracentrifugation with 30% KBr. The factor was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 45.36 kDa and increased plasma recalcification time by 224 sec which was 7.7 times greater than the activity of crude venom.