hadi amini

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of CEO compensation on managers' unusual tone, relying on the role of industry efficiency fluctuations. The geographical area of this research was the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange active in industries based on superior technology and the time area was the years between 2013 and 2019. In this research, the compensation of the independent variable CEO and the unusual tone of the dependent variable managers were considered. The current research is in the category of applied research, if the classification of types of research based on nature and method is taken into consideration, the current research method is classified as descriptive research in terms of nature, and in terms of method, it is considered in the category of correlational research. In this research, library method was used to collect data and information. In the data section, the research was done by collecting the data of the sample companies by referring to the financial statements, explanatory notes and the stock exchange monthly. Based on the method of systematic elimination, 28 companies were selected as a statistical sample. In order to describe and summarize the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistics have been used. In order to analyze the data, first, pre-tests of heterogeneity of variance, Flimer test, Hausman test, and Jarek-Barra test were used, and then multivariate regression test was used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (Eviuse software). The results showed that the compensation of the CEO has an effect on the abnormal tone of the managers; in addition, the fluctuations of the industry efficiency have an effect on the relationship between the compensation of the CEO and the abnormal tone of the managers; the results obtained in this research with the documents mentioned in the theoretical framework of the research And the financial literature matches.

Rural development is one of the most important issues in any society, especially in developing societies. As entrepreneurship plays an important role in improving the economic and living conditions of villagers by creating new employment opportunities and thereby generating income, the development of the villages has found a broader connection with the concept of entrepreneurship and in particular agricultural entrepreneurship than in Past. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the effects of four factors such as innovation, production, financial resources and the market on rural development through the mediating role of agricultural entrepreneurship among 42 exemplary entrepreneurs in the province of North Khorasan. The sample size also corresponds to the community size. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire developed by Yilmaz et al. For statistical analysis of the data, the SPSS software and the bootstrap method were used in Macro Preacher and Hayes (2008) to test indirect effects. The results showed that agricultural entrepreneurship has a positive and significant impact on rural development and that there is a direct link between innovation, production, financial resources and market factors with rural development. Indirect hypotheses were examined using the macro step boot method, which confirmed all indirect hypotheses. Overall, the results show that the four factors of production innovation, production factors, financial resources and the production market have a direct and indirect influence (rural entrepreneurship) on rural development.

Disasters outside of human control can severely affect public health. In addition, the lack of appropriate planning and preparedness to face disasters can exacerbate the problems emerging from disasters. The current study aimed to determine the preparedness of nurses in facing disasters.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 257 nurses of the Imam Khomeini and Tamin Ejtemaei hospitals of Saqqez in 2017 using the census method. Demographic forms and a questionnaire consisting of knowledge, attitude, and performance were used to collect data.
In this study, there were 86(33.5%) men and 171(66.5%) women with the mean age of 33.9±7.3 years. The mean score of knowledge (36±11.9), attitude (65.3±11.02), performance (51.9±27.5), and preparedness (153.2±31.3) was higher than that of the average values. The result showed that knowledge was correlated with age (P=0.010). Also, there was a correlation of attitude with marriage (P=0.017) and performance with gender (P=0.0103) and management experience (P=0.002).
The result of the study showed that the score preparedness of the nurses was average, which was undesirable. It is recommended that the nurses should be provided continuous training to deal with disasters by creating an appropriate environment and motivating them to improve preparedness conditions.

Depression is a common chronic disease among the elderly. Depression would lead to decreased quality of life, disturbance in activity of daily living and personal, social and family roles. One of the factors that might prevent the occurrence of depression is tea consumption. Considering the controversial results of foreign studies and lack of national studies in this regard, the present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between tea consumption and depression among the elderly.
This case-control study was conducted in 2016 on 260 elderly who referred to health centers of the Saghez city. Samples were selected using cluster random method. Using the Geriatric Depression Scale and confirmation of the psychiatrist, samples were divided into two groups (depressed and not depressed) and were adjusted regarding their age, gender, educational level and body mass index. Then the amount of consumed tea for each participant was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software 18 and through descriptive and inferential statistics.
The mean and standard deviation of the participants’ age were 69.8 ± 6.35 years. Findings showed that 64.2% of the participants (169) consumed less than three cups of tea per day. A significant relationship was revealed between tea consumption and depression; this means that 1.5% of the depressed participants and 33.5% of the not-depressed participants were consuming at least 3 cups of tea every day. The risk of depression was 66% lower among those who consumed at least 3 cups of tea every day than those who consumed less than 3 cups of tea per day (p The present study revealed a probable relationship between depression and tea consumption among the elderly. Considering the high prevalence of depression among the elderly, preventive interventions, such as consuming at least 3 cups of tea every day, is recommended.