hadi ghazizadeh

Problem solving is one of the most important skills that all people, especially students, should learn in order to be able to use it when facing life's challenges and problems. In collaborative problem solving, the work is divided among the members of a group and they use their skills and knowledge to find a suitable solution. The current research was conducted with the aim of creating a standard tool to measure students' collaborative problem solving skills.The present research method was descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the study included 2500 Students of Farhangian University of Kerman in the academic year 1401-1400, of which 335 people were selected by random sampling based on Morgan's table. The form and content validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by 5 experts in the field of psychology and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha method and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26, LISREL and SmartPLS software.Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated as 0.96. Factor loads of all subscales with relevant items were greater than 0.4, all of which were significant (p <0.001). The values of Cronbach's alpha and the combined reliability coefficient for the subscales were calculated to be more than 0.7, which confirms the internal and external reliability of the subscales. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicate a stronger relationship of the subscales of following participation rules, communicating with team members and explaining roles and team organization with collaborative problem solving. Therefore, it can be concluded that the skills of effective communication and teamwork among students are weak and the training of these skills should be included in the agenda of schools and universities.

This research was conducted with the aim of causal modeling of resilience based on basic psychological needs with the mediation of attachment styles in students from single-parent families.  The current research was carried out through the descriptive-correlation method (path analysis). The statistical population included all students studying in Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the first half of the 2018-2019 academic year. Among them, 170 people were selected using the available sampling method and answered the Basic Psychological Needs questionnaire of Ryan et al. (2000), Hazen et al.'s Attachment Styles (1987), and Connor et al.'s Resilience (2003). The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling by smart pls3 software. The results showed that basic psychological needs had a direct and significant effect on resilience, and the indirect effect of basic psychological needs through the mediation of attachment styles was confirmed. The results of regression analysis showed that the predictive variables predicted about 30 % of the resilience variation. It is suggested that experts in the field of mental health use the findings of the present study in the framework of their educational and intervention programs, especially in working with children of single-parent families.

Play is a part of human life from birth to death. Man needs thinking for his mental and social development and play is the basis of thinking. Therefore, purposeful planning of the game can be used to increase the functions of the mind. In fact, researchers have discovered the potential cause of games to support learning, and have found that games have a positive effect on learning and mind function. The aim of this study was to integrate the research conducted in the field of the effect of games on mental functions and also to achieve a general result based on scattered results using statistical methods.

The present study was conducted by meta-analysis method and with a systematic review of research conducted in this field. The statistical population includes 23 studies on the effect of games on mental functions that have been conducted over the past two decades. The total statistical sample size of the studies conducted in this meta-analysis is 1631 people, 100% of which included both sexes. In this study, the data was analyzed using a meta-analysis method and CMA software.

The findings of this meta-analysis indicated that the effect size of mental and real games on the mental function of consciousness and creativity has the greatest effect with the value of 0.653 and other mental functions are respectively language and memory with an effect size of 0.409 and thoughts, perceptions and imaginations with an effect size of 0.345, which get the least effect from mental and real games.

The results of the present study indicated that both mental and real games are effective in increasing the mental functions of the citizens. Therefore, considering the importance of this issue, it seems that by playing these games, you can influence mental functions and provide success and increase these functions.

The present study was conducted with the aim of meta-analysis of research conducted in the field of divorce factors. The research population is all the researches that have been done in the form of articles and dissertations in the database of Noor specialized journals, database of Iranian publications, comprehensive portal of humanities and Irandak in the field of factors affecting divorce. Of these, 14 studies were identified and recorded as appropriate. Excel software and the second version of CMA software were used for analysis. In the study of economic variables, in the fixed model, the effect size was equal to -0.125 and significant and in the random model was equal to -0.115 and was not significant. The magnitude of the effect of social factors in the fixed model was equal to 0.292 and in the random model was equal to 0.303, both of which were significant. In the study of cultural factors in the fixed model the effect size was -0.117 and was not significant and in the random model was -0.011. In the study of individual factors in the fixed model the effect size was -0.149 and was not significant and in the random model was -0.111 was not significant. The results, in general, showed that there was heterogeneity in all four groups studied. The results of Egger regression test in four economic, social, cultural and individual categories indicate no significant deviation from the regression line and consequently no bias.

Marital violence is one of the most topic in family domain. The goal of this violence is hurt to spouse into psychic, physical, verbal, finance or emotional abuse. One of the variety of domestic violence to pay fewer is women marital violence against men. This study was done with qualitative research and grounded theory method. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was obtained. Totally 34 participants (17 couples) with marital violence experience were interviewed in semi structured and in-depth method and analyzed using the grounded theory. Finding indicated women domestic violence against men have personal, couples, families and para family chief dimensions with its subsection. Then with regard to finding, causal condition, facilitating conditions, phenomena and strategies and its Conceptual model and selective coding explained. The phenomenon and pivotal category in this conceptual model is marriage inappropriate. Its underlying factors are individual factors that include issues such as physiological and biological issues, addiction, personality disorders and personality traits as well as family factors such as non-discrimination, family structure, building power in the family, and inappropriate family experiences. Economic, occupational, organizational, social and cultural factors play the role of the underlying factors, and irrational thoughts, differences between men and women and marital myths are interfering factors. Men and women in the face of this violence use ineffective communication patterns, resulting in these false solutions, frustration, the loss of love and intimacy, the overcoming of relationships, sexual deviations and disorders in men.