فهرست مطالب hajar torkan

 This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a specialized package for women with body dysmorphic disorder and schema therapy on perfectionism and maladaptive schemas in women afflicted with body dysmorphic disorder.

 The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases involving two experimental groups and one control group, conducted among women with body dysmorphic disorder visiting psychological centers in Isfahan in the first half of 2022. For this purpose, 45 women were selected by convenience and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received the specialized package for women with body dysmorphic disorder (researcher-designed), and the second experimental group underwent schema therapy according to the protocol of Young and colleagues (2023) over ten 90-minute sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Participants completed the Perfectionism Questionnaire (1995) and Young's Schema Questionnaire (1998) at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS software.

 There were significant differences between the groups receiving the specialized package and schema therapy and the control group in terms of negative perfectionism and rejection schemas (p < .01). Additionally, there were differences between the group receiving the specialized package and the schema therapy group in terms of positive perfectionism, autonomy schemas, impaired performance, and impaired limits (p < .01), such that the specialized package had an effect on positive perfectionism, and schema therapy had an impact on autonomy schemas, impaired performance, and impaired limits (p < .05). Moreover, neither treatment had an effect on schemas of other-directedness and hypervigilance.

 Specialists are recommended to utilize both interventions to improve women with body dysmorphic disorder in terms of reducing negative perfectionism and rejection schemas, to use the specialized package for enhancing positive perfectionism, and to employ schema therapy for reducing autonomy schemas and impaired functioning and limits.

Given the increasing number of obese patients worldwide, the economic costs and financial damages resulting from obesity, changing dietary behaviors, and cognitive patterns in overweight individuals seem essential. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on body image, attitude towards Eating, and food cravings in overweight individuals.

The current research design was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test with a control group and follow-up period. The statistical population included all attendees of weight loss clinics in Isfahan city from 2021 to 2022, and the research sample consisted of 45 obese individuals selected purposefully based on entry and exit criteria. They completed body image, eating attitudes, and food craving questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS-23 software.

The results indicated that both cognitive-behavioral therapies and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were effective in improving body image, eating attitudes, and food cravings, with no significant difference between them. Furthermore, during the follow-up stage, the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on body image and food cravings were found to be more sustainable compared to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (p < 0.01).

Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that cognitive-behavioral therapies and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy focus on increasing awareness of behavioral patterns, triggering factors, and negative cognitive factors that may lead to eating disorders. Therefore, individuals can enhance the skills needed to cope with food cravings and modify ineffective cognitive and behavioral patterns based on these therapeutic approaches.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the Mood, Emotion Fatigue, and Pilot Performance of the biorhythm cycle in pilot students. The research method was causal-comparative research. The statistical population of the present study included 70 pilot students of Shahid Watan Pura Isfahan Training Center in the spring of 1400, of which 60 were selected voluntarily for the research. The research tools included the Lavibond mood questionnaire (1995), Atefeh Watson, Clark, and Telgen questionnaire (1988), Krapp et al fatigue questionnaire (1989), pilot performance evaluation, and software (3.04 Natural Biorhythms). Data analysis was done using statistical methods with repeated analysis of variance. The results of repeated variance analysis showed that the difference in the mean scores of mood variables, emotion, fatigue, and pilot performance between the critical period from peak to perigee, perigee, and critical period from perigee to peak with the peak period is significant; There was a significant increase in mood, emotion, and pilot performance from the critical and perihelion periods to the peak, and there was a significant decrease in fatigue from the peak period to the critical and perihelion periods (p<0.01). Conclusion During peak times, students can engage in their important activities, and knowing the peak period of life leads to planning, directing, and controlling time and improving the quality of life of pilot students.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a cognitive bias modification (CBM) package in comparison with internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on self-control in individuals seeking sleeve gastrectomy surgery. This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of candidates for sleeve gastrectomy surgery who had undergone the procedure 18 months prior and resided in Isfahan. From this population, 45 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: internet-based CBT, cognitive bias modification, and control (15 participants in each group). The CBM and internet-based CBT groups underwent 42 sessions of intervention over six weeks, while the control group received no treatment during this period. Participants were assessed using a self-control questionnaire before and after the intervention sessions, and again one month later. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANCOVA test. The results indicated that both the weight stabilization CBM package and internet-based CBT had positive effects on increasing self-control (P < 0.05). Additionally, internet-based CBT demonstrated significantly greater efficacy compared to the weight stabilization CBM package (P < 0.05). Based on the study's findings, both the CBM package and internet-based CBT were effective in enhancing self-control. Therefore, the use of these therapeutic interventions is recommended to help improve and promote self-control in obese individuals.

Nursing assistants, due to their sensitive and serious work, have an urgent need to enhance their capabilities. Accordingly, this research aimed to compare the effectiveness of positive psychology training on self-control and resilience among nursing assistants.

The present study is a quasi-experimental research conducted in three phases: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population consisted of nursing assistants in the city of Isfahan during the years 2021-2022, from which 45 nursing assistants were purposively selected and divided into three groups (each group containing 15 individuals). The Tangney et al. (2004) Self-Control Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) were used to measure the dependent variable at three stages. Two training groups, each underwent 8 sessions of 75 minutes of training, and the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test through SPSS software version 26.

The results showed that there is a significant difference in self-control and resilience between the positive psychology training and the control group (p < 0.01).

Considering the effectiveness of positive psychology training in enhancing self-control and resilience, it is recommended that this approach be employed in hospitals for nursing assistants.

This research aimed to predict the quality of life of hemodialysis patients based on alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity, and psychological hardiness.

The current research was of a descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population of this study included all patients undergoing hemodialysis in Isfahan City in 2022. Accordingly, 294 participants (180 men, 114 women) selected using the available sampling method. Data collection tools include the alexithymia scale (Bagby and Parker, 1994), anxiety sensitivity scale (Reiss et al., 1986), psychological hardiness scale (Kiamarthi et al., 1998), and quality of life scale (World Health Organization, 1996). The research data collected using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and step-by-step regression using SPSS-27 software.

The results showed that alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity, and psychological hardiness could predict 49.5% of the variance in quality of life. Alexithymia predicted 42% of the variance of quality of life (P<0.01, β=-0.420), anxiety sensitivity predicted 25/7% of the variance of quality of life (P<0.01, β=-0/257), and psychological hardiness predicted 25/5% of the variance of quality of life (P<0.01, β=0.255).

Based on this, it can to conclude that alexithymia and anxiety sensitivity are among the factors that play an effective role in reducing the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Alexithymia is a dysfunction in emotional processing that leads to a decrease in the ability to identify and diagnose emotions. When a person suffers from advanced kidney disease, i.e., undergoes hemodialysis, he faces problems and defects in the fields of self-esteem and independence in performing health and personal behaviors, so the high level of anxiety sensitivity and these physical worries in these people can be considered a common reaction in chronic patients. Since the quality of life defined and interpreted depending on the definition of the individual and his beliefs regarding the situation in which the individual is, these patients find their quality of life low. On the other hand, hemodialysis patients faced with an uncertain future and the inability to maintain the previous values of life, or at least the inability to follow these values as before the disease, since they find themselves unable to make changes in the said disease. Therefore, they become aroused faster and try less than healthy people to control their emotional situations, such as anxiety and physical changes. Accordingly, replanting and planning for the development and training of psychological hardiness in hemodialysis patients leads to an increase in the quality of life

The present study was conducted considering the breadth and comprehensiveness of the healthy human theory and its culture-based nature, with the aim of compiling and validating a parenting package based on the healthy human theory, especially for mothers with children with externalizing disorders. The qualitative research method was an exploratory type (thematic analysis) inductive problem and need based on the process and rules of content analysis by Strauss and Corbin, and the content analysis method was used to compile the parenting package based on the healthy human theory. The research area includes 34 scientific texts that were selected by purposeful sampling and based on the relationship between the content and healthy human education strategies; Also, the professors and faculty of the Department of Psychology and Counseling of Isfahan Islamic Azad University, 6 of them were selected as a sample in order to evaluate the parenting package based on healthy people. The results of the method of Strauss and Corbin (1998) showed that 9 selected codes (being present, kindness to creatures, satisfaction with life and enjoyment, happiness, metacognition, forgiveness and forgiveness, forgetting, peace and meaning, hope) and the parenting package based on the healthy human theory was adjusted based on these dimensions according to the frequency of the semantic units of the selected codes, and its reliability and validity were confirmed based on the approval of experts and the agreement coefficient of the evaluators, which was 0.99. Therefore, the compiled package, which is based on the culture of Iranian families, can be used to educate parents, especially mothers of children with behavioral problems, in order to improve their quality of life.

Identifying and examining the psychological variables and religious beliefs effective in the behaviors after being infected with covid-19 is a fundamental step in designing behavioral interventions with the aim of less harm in the post-corona era. The aim of the present study was the effect of attachment to God on existential anxiety and spiritual health in those who have recovered from Covid-19.

The current research is descriptive of the correlation type. The research population was those who recovered from covid-19 in 2020-2021 and among them 185 people were selected using available sampling method. Data collection tools were demographic questions, Polotzin and Ellison (1982) Spiritual Health Questionnaire, Beck and Macdonald (2004) God Attachment Questionnaire, and Hasti Godogood (1974) Anxiety Questionnaire. Structural equation model and AMOS version 24 software were used for their analysis.

The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between attachment to God and spiritual health in those who have recovered from Covid-19, and there is an inverse and significant relationship between attachment to God and existential anxiety. The effect of attachment to God on spiritual health was 0.31 and on anxiety was -0.26 (p<0.01).

The results show that the increase in attachment to God in those who have recovered from Covid-19 leads to an increase in the level of spiritual health and a decrease in existential anxiety.

This research aims to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention based on the healthy human theory with positive psychotherapy on self-compassion and cognitive fusion of mothers with children on the autism spectrum.

The research method was quasi-experimental (three groups-three stages) and the statistical population included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders who referred to autism centers in Isfahan city in July 2022, and 20 people were placed in each group in a targeted manner. The data in all three stages were collected by Neff's self-compassion questionnaire (2003) and Gillanders et al.'s (2014) cognitive fusion scale. Also, the positive psychotherapy package of Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions of 90 minutes on the first experimental group and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented as 9 sessions of 90 minutes on the second experimental group.

The results of variance analysis with repeated measurement showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced cognitive fusion and increased self-compassion of mothers with children on the autism spectrum (p≥0.05) and this effectiveness in follow-up phase has also been stable. Also, the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in any of the research variables.

Based on the results of this research, psychologists can use both interventions to increase the awareness of mothers with children on the autism spectrum regarding the meaning and positive emotions in order to reduce cognitive fusion and increase self-compassion

The current research was carried out in line with the development of a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on on social stigma, emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism. The method of this research was a combination of sequential exploratory type . In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children, the number of which reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was used to determine the Content Validity Ratio and finally the coefficient of the evaluators was 0.88. The results of the theme analysis indicated that 18 basic themes were obtained in 8 organizing themes (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving creation and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning) and the therapeutic intervention package was based on Their frequency was compiled. Research method in the quantitative part; It included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which finally included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism disorders who referred to autism centers in Isfahan city in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by Social stigma scale’s Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on the healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase has been (p≥0.05). As a result, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in the post-test and follow-up phase, and these therapeutic interventions can be used to improve on social stigma, emotional malaise in mothers with autistic children.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy and stress inoculation training on academic emotions and social problem-solving of students with high social anxiety. The research design was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and two-month follow-up, including a control group. The statistical population consisted of all 15 to 18-year-old students with social anxiety in Isfahan during the academic years 1400 and 1401. Through random sampling from the six educational districts of Isfahan, District 2 was selected, and eight high schools were randomly selected through multistage sampling. The Pakravan et al. (2002) Academic Emotion Questionnaire and the Dehghani et al. (2002) Social Problem-Solving Questionnaire were used as measurement tools, which were completed by the control and experimental groups before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-24 software. The results showed that behavioral activation therapy had a stronger efficacy than stress inoculation training in improving social problem-solving and academic emotions of students aged 15 to 18 with social anxiety (p < 0.01). The effects of the interventions remained constant over time. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that behavioral activation therapy can be employed as a therapeutic intervention for enhancing social problem-solving and academic emotions in adolescents with social anxiety.

Academic success and satisfaction is one of the most important variables that can be considered as a serious indicator among students, and through them, the future foundations of students' education can be monitored and examined through them. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Savickas academic-career plan training on academic success and satisfaction among university students with academic burnout.

The current research method was semi-experimental study which conducted with a pre-test and post-test design along with a control group with a follow-up period. The statistical population included all the students of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch who referred to the university counseling center in 2020. From them, 30 student were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned in the experimental group (15 people) and control group (15 people). The data were collected using Welles's Academic Success Questionnaire (2010) and Ahmadi's Academic Satisfaction Questionnaire (2010) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. Savickas academic-career plan training protocol was performed in 8 sessions (one session per week) for 75 minutes. To analyze the data, repeated measure analysis of variance Bonferroni's post hoc test with SPSS.26 software were used.

The results indicated that Savickas academic-career plan training was effective in enhancement of academic success and satisfaction of university students with academic burnout (P=0.001), and this effectiveness was permanent until the follow-up period (P=0.05).

According to the results of the research, we can draw a conclusion that Savickas academic-career plan training is effective on increase of academic success and satisfaction of university students with academic burnout, therefore this training can be used for university students in university counseling centers.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of the parenting package based on the healthy human theory with the positive parenting program on parenting stress and psychological capital of mothers of 6-12-year-old children with extrinsic behavioral disorders.

The research method was a three-group-three-stage experimental design and the statistical population included all mothers of 6-12-year-old children suffering from externalizing behavioral disorders in Tehran in the first half of 1401, who referred to elementary schools and counseling and psychology centers in Tehran and using From them, 45 people were selected from targeted sampling and randomly divided into three groups (15 people for each group). To collect information, parenting stress (Abidin, 1983) and psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2010) questionnaires were used. Experimental group 1 was trained by the researcher-made parenting package based on the healthy human theory, and experimental group 2 underwent positive parenting training during 8 90-minute sessions. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measure and Bonferroni post hoc tests by following the default tests with the statistical package of social science version 22.

The obtained results showed that both parenting package interventions based on healthy human theory and positive parenting had a significant effect on increasing the psychological capital and on decreasing the stress of parenting in the parents with a child with extrinsic behavioral disorders in the post-test phase, and the treatment effects remained in the follow-up phase. Also, comparing the two treatment methods, the results showed that the parenting package based on the healthy human theory was more effective in improving parenting self-agency in the follow-up phase (p≥0.05). Also, comparing the two treatment methods, the results showed that the parenting package based on the healthy human theory was more effective in improving the psychological capital in the follow-up phase.

The findings of this research provide useful information regarding the education of mothers, and psychologists and counselors can use these interventions in order to improve the psychological capital and reduce the stress and tension of mothers with children with externalizing behavioral disorders.

Decision making self-efficacy and academic field satisfaction is one of the most important variables for students. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of constructionism training on career decision making self-efficacy and academic field satisfaction among university students with academic burnout.

The current research method was semi-experimental study which conducted with a pre-test and post-test design along with a control group with a follow-up period. The statistical population included all the students of Islamic Azad university, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch who referred to the university counseling center in 2020. From them, 30 student were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned in the experimental group (15 people) and control group (15 people). The data were collected using Betz et al's Career Decision Making Self Efficacy Questionnaire (1996) and Ahmadi's Academic Field Satisfaction Questionnaire (2010) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. Constructionism training protocol was performed in 8 sessions (one session per week) for 75 minutes. To analyze the data, repeated measure analysis of variance and SPSS.26 software were used.

The results indicated that constructionism training was effective in enhancement of career decision making self-efficacy and academic field satisfaction of university students with academic burnout (p<0.01), and this effectiveness was permanent until the follow-up period (p<0.01).

It can be concluded that constructionism training is effective on increase of career decision making self-efficacy and academic field satisfaction of university students with academic burnout, therefore this training can be used for university students in university counseling centers.

 The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Seligman parenting style training package in reducing mother-daughter conflicts. 

 This study had a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with adolescent daughters. The sample consisted of 40 mothers with adolescent daughters who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The research tool was the Mother-Daughter Conflict Scale (Yousefi & Sabzevari, 2019), which all participants completed in the pretest and posttest. While the control group received no training, the experimental group received fifteen 60-minute sessions of Seligman parenting style training. Both groups were evaluated before and after the training using the research tool. The collected data were analyzed at descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post-hoc test) levels using SPSS23 software. 

 The results showed that Seligman parenting style training had a significant effect on reducing mother-daughter conflicts (F=6.00, p<0.01). The Bonferroni post-hoc test also showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores in the experimental group (p<0.01), but no significant difference was found between the posttest and follow-up stages (p>0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found in the control group during the test stages (p>0.05). 

 Therefore, it can be concluded that Seligman parenting style training has a significant effectiveness in reducing mother-child conflicts, and these effects are also stable in the follow-up stage.

A successful marriage is a dynamic growing relationship in which both partners continue to grow to achieve personal satisfaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of reality-based premarital education on the type of decision making and marriage self-efficacy among single boys in Bushehr.

The design of the present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included single boys and students in Bushehr. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. Participants answered the questionnaires of Scott and Bruce’s Decision Making Style Questionnaires (1995) and the Marital Self-efficacy Scale of Dibaj et al. (2014). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the type of decision-making on increasing the rational style and reducing the intuitive, dependent, instantaneous, avoidant and increasing self-efficacy of marriage was significantly different from the control group (p <0.05).

The results showed the effect of reality-based premarital education on the type of decision-making and marriages self-efficacy of single boys'; And it can be used as an important and key intervention in the field of premarital counseling. Also, the results of this research can be used by family and marriage counseling specialists.

Due to the lack of adaptation skills, the military period is considered a challenging period for some young people, which can be a revealing factor for mental weaknesses.

This research developed a psychological enrichment training package and compare its effectiveness with executive function training on social-emotional and family-friendliness skills of soldiers.

This mixed method research was sequential exploratory, and it was conducted in 2022 on the soldiers of Isfahan city barracks. The qualitative part was carried out to develop a training-counseling package for the psychological enrichment of soldiers using the method of thematic analysis. The sample consisted of 12 participants who were purposefully selected. In the quantitative part, the research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. At this stage, 60 soldiers were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). Data collection tools included social-emotional and family-friendliness questionnaires. The data collected in SPSS software version 23 were analyzed using descriptive (means and standard deviation) and inferential (repeated measures and post hoc-test) (P<0.05) statistics at a significance level of P<0.05.

The qualitative results showed four main categories, which included intrapersonal weaknesses, family components, interpersonal causes, and environmental causes. The educational package was compiled and validated according to the management of these four main categories of mental  weakness. The research findings of the quantitative part showed that both methods had a significant effect on improving social-emotional skills (F=89.10 and P=0.001) but they were not effective on familyfriendliness. The results of the post hoc-test showed that the psychological enrichment method was more effective than the improving executive function.

The results obtained from the quantitative part confirmed the qualitative part and showed that the compiled package is valid. Both educational counseling packages for the psychological enrichment of soldiers and the improving executive function training have been effective in improving social-emotional skills, but they had no effect on family friendliness, and the psychological enrichment educational package showed a greater effect.

The desire for divorce causes the disintegration of the most fundamental structure of society, namely the family. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing an educational package to abandon divorce and determine its effectiveness on the desire for divorce in comparison with the Guttman method in married women seeking divorce.

The research method was a combination of consecutive exploratory type. The qualitative part was done with the aim of discovering divorce barriers and compiling an educational-counseling package for divorcing. The results were divided into two general categories: why divorce is abandoned and how the mechanisms of persistence. In a small part, the quasi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design was used. The statistical population was married women seeking divorce in Isfahan and the statistical sample consisted of 45 married women who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (theory-based education group, Guttman education group and control group) (15 people in each group). The experimental groups received 8 90-minute training sessions. The research instruments was Divorce Desire Questionnaire (Rosebelt et al., 1984).

The results showed that both methods were effective in reducing the desire for divorce and the educational package for quitting divorce had a more significant effect.

The findings of the present study were evidence of the usefulness and effectiveness of the divorce package in family interventions.

A successful marriage is a dynamic growing relationship in which both partners continue to grow to achieve personal satisfaction. Building a successful life depends on a successful marriage. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the components of a comprehensive model governing on-time marriages among Iranian married men. This study was conducted using a qualitative thematic analysis approach. Using a homogeneous purposive sampling method, 14 married men in Bushehr were selected and interviewed. The collected data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The analysis of the data from the interviews revealed three main categories related to on-time marriage among men including having a family that supports marriage, a marriage loving character, and the conditions facilitating marriage. Following these findings, it can be argued that a successful marriage depends on three important components of personality, requirements, and family supporting the on-time marriage. Thus, the improvement of marital life also depends on multidimensional corrections made by taking into account these factors. Accordingly, some measures need to be taken to promote marriage among young people and make them interested in marriages. Furthermore, families need to support their children and provide facilities for them to have successful and on-time marriages. Finally, social institutions and officials are required to facilitate conditions for people to have successful marriages.

Exercise, like medicine, causes benefits in the performance and health of the body and mind. The aim of this study was to compare Pilates Versus Britonic Exercises on mental toughness, life expectancy, and memory in Menopausal women in Isfahan.
This study was a semi-experimental type and a three-group research design with three phases: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. In order to carry out the research, 45 people were purposefully selected among postmenopausal women who were referred to the Isfahan health center and were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Snyder’s Hope Scale (1991), Wechsler memory scale (1987), and Kobasa mental toughness (1989) questionnaires were used to collect information. Two experimental groups (Pilates training program and Britonic training program) performed the exercises as a group during 24 sessions and according to the purpose of the training program. The data were analyzed with the use of repeated-measures analysis of variance.
The results showed that Pilates and Brittonic exercises were effective in increasing all three variables of mental toughness, life expectancy, and memory (P<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between these two sports exercises (P<0.05).
Pilates and Brittonic exercises are both effective ways to increase mental toughness, life expectancy, and memory in postmenopausal women.

The purpose of this study was to predict rumination and worry based on the ability to control thought and cognitive behavioral avoidance in students with clinical depression. For this purpose, a sample of 150 students with clinical depression (100 women and 50 men) were selected using multi-stage random sampling. In order to collect information from the Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ, Luchiano, 2005), Cognitive Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS, Ottenbreit, 2004), rumination scale (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ, Meyer, 1990) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II, Beck, 1996) and demographic characteristics. The results of regression analysis showed that the ability of thought control and behavioral cognitive avoidance together significantly predict 32.5% of rumination variance and 28.9% of worry variance in students suffering from clinical depression which these values are reliable at the level (p < 0.5). The findings of this study indicate that behavioral avoidance is more predictive than cognitive avoidance of anxiety.

The purpose of the present study was to develop a marriage counseling model based on the trend and content of marriage counseling based on the opinion of marriage counseling experts.The research was qualitative and thematic analysis. The study population included all experts in marriage counseling. The method of selecting participants was purposive among the marriage counselors were renowned counselors of this specialty. The criterion of the number of participants was based on the principle of saturation. The method of data collection was semi-structured interview, which included questions related to the experience of counseling before marriage. The results of the content analysis (Clark & ​​Braun, 2006) showed that expert-centered marriage counseling consisted of six main categories: cognition, skills, requirements, boundary shaping, power and control regulation, and intimacy. Based on the results it can be concluded that the expert marriage counseling model is a comprehensive model of used in marriage counseling.

The purpose of this study is to explore the educational components of successful women. This study was performed by qualitative method and content analysis method (Clark and Brown, 2006). The purposive sampling method was heterogeneous 20 so that 11 successful women were selected based on entry and exit criteria and interviewed. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis method (Clark and Brown, 2006). The five main categories were family lifestyle (with subcategories of residence, recreation, communication, nutrition, sleep patterns and clothing), experiences of siblings (with subcategories of happy experiences and unhappy experiences of siblings), characteristics of parents (with the subcategories of model features and model characteristics, parental educational axes (with subcategories educational emphases and educational methods) and peer style (with subcategories of peers' mental status, peers' material status and peers' social status). According to these results, it can be said that in the educational path of successful women, components have occurred that have helped them to move towards success.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting adherence to treatment in addicts undergoing camps in Isfahan city. This is a qualitative thematic analysis. The statistical society of the survey includes all addicts referred to camps in Isfahan city in 2018. 10 subjects were selected from narcotics anonymous using a purposive homogeneous sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data. The research tool was a semi-structured interview that included questions related to adherence factors in the treated addicts. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis approach of Braun and Clarke (2000). Our findings demonstrated that adherence to treatment is affected by six major factors: 1) family-related factors 2) behavioral factors, 3) spiritual factors, 4) social factors, 5) tendency to modify personal life and finally, 6) therapeutic factors. In general, these results evince that compliance with treatment in addicts undergoing through camps occur only in the presence of theses six factors and addiction therapists should pay a special attention to improve these factors in treating the addicts

Divorce tendency resulting from marital conflicts, which lead to less marital satisfaction and marital adjustment can be decreased by therapy approaches including Gottman’s couple therapy.

The present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of Gottman’s couple therapy on marital satisfaction and marital adjustment in married women seeking divorce.

Quasi-experimental design involving pre-test, post-test, and a control group was used to addres the purpose of the present study. All the women referring to three counselling centers in Isfahan in 2019 comprised the research population out of which 30 married women seeking divorce were selected as the research sample through convenievnce sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Data were collected using couple satisfaction index (Funk & Rogge, 2007) and dyadic adjustment scale (Spanier, 1976). The experimental group women were trained for 10 ninety-minute sessions. Both groups responded to the questionaries at pretest-posttest stages. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANCOVA) were used to analyze data .

It was revealed that Gottman’s couple therapy would increase couples’ satisfaction and improve marital adjustment and, in turn, the subscales of marital adjustment, i.e., satisfaction, attachment, agreement, and affection in women seeking divorce (P <0.001).

Gottman’s couple therapy along with the seven research-based principles for a successful marriage proved to be an effective and efficient method to increase marital satisfaction and marital adjustment and could be used by therapists in family interventions to improve marital relationships.