فهرست مطالب hamid hadian

The present study seeks to design and validate the social harm model of the cultural policy making process in fighting against corruption in the administrative system and political management of the country. From this perspective, this study is prepared using the strategy of qualitative research and content analysis. Research data were collected using semi-standard interviews with 17 experts in the field of public and cultural policy making who were selected using theoretical sampling method. The date were collected using the content analysis method and thematic network, the analyzed themes and the conceptual model of network measurement. The findings of the qualitative research showed that the social harm model of the cultural policymaking process in fighting against corruption in the administrative system and political management of the country has 3 comprehensive themes: organizational, action and structural damage, 8 main organized themes, 6 sub-organized themes and at last , it has reached theoretical saturation with 112 basic themes. In addition, in order to validate the themes and the model, two methods of validity evaluation have been used in the communication method and also in the audit method, and in order to test the reliability two methods of reproducibility and transferability or generalizability have been used.

Bodin, Montesquieu, Ratzel, and Lucien Febvre mentioned the impact of geography on historical and political treads. Geographical determinism means that geographical environment overshadows the destiny of people. One of the most important issues in geographical and historical fields as well as in political history is the boundaries of states and their security. Meanwhile, ethnic mosaic communities pose serious threats against the security of borders. Today, these communities exist in a vast geographical range extending from southwest Asia to Africa. Therefore, a proper understanding of political developments in Afghanistan is not possible without studying its ethnic geography and mosaic society.Afghanistan undergoes the crisis of ethnic geography. Centrifugal forces have begun to fight against the central government and against each other to maximize their power, this has resulted from geographical-ethnic situation of Afghanistan and its ethnic-cultural diversity. The lack of domestic authority has intensified the military conflicts between various ethnic groups. Also, the geographical situation of Afghanistan, which makes it a buffer state, has undermined the structure of the central government. In fact, geographical determinism imposes the status of a buffer state on Afghanistan. Today, we witness a "failed state" in Afghanistan resulting in ethnic confrontations and the collapse of its national sovereignty.

Nowadays the software aspect of national security is considered as a constituent of public policy. That is way ethnic ideas, minority identities,youth, and women can be important parameters. With the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Iraq War, there has been some potential for politicization of the identities and disruption of the multiethnic Middle Eastern countrie's demography. After the eleventh September, with using democracy, USA seeks to manage identity policies in the context of network revolution of information in the framework of the Great Middle East Project. The observance of the American Enterprise Institute Seminar under title of "Unknown Iran: Federalism Case" must be really pay much attention. The Institute is considered as one of the most important think thanks of Bushists in designing and planning of United State of America's national security policies after the eleventh September. It must be kept in mind that conflict is an important kind of behavior in human societies.Therefore, qualitative and quantitative studies on ethnic conflicts in multiethnic communities of the countries are so crucial.