hamid shahinfar

Selecting the appropriate site landfill is one of the important steps in the management of municipal solid waste. Given the devastating environmental, economic, and ecological impacts of municipal waste, landfill selection must be carefully and scientifically processed. New tools and technology can help find the right place for a landfill. Geographic information systems (GIS) are nowadays widely used in environmental planning. In this study, different parameters such as lithology, land use, vegetation, soil properties, topography (slope), distance from urban areas, distance from main road, main waterways Suburbs, residential areas, wells and aqueducts and faults in order to determine suitable location for solid waste landfill in oshnavyeh city have been considered. Next, the paired comparison matrix was developed using AHP method and the final weights of each data layer were calculated using Expert Choice 11 software and in GIS environment, modeling was performed by hierarchical analysis process. Finally, landfill sites in oshnavyeh city were identified in four floor as Quite suitable, suitable, relatively suitable and inadequate based on their location ability.

Solid wastes are an integral part of human life, and the production of these wastes in different quantities and qualities is one of the greatest environmental problems of the present age. To reduce the negative consequences of the waste, the use of new tools and technology to find a suitable landfill location is necessary. Today, geographic information systems are widely used in environmental planning. The central part of the city of Shahindezh, with daily production of 10 ton of waste per day, due to the lack of equipment and inappropriate location of landfill, has caused environmental, social and many health problems. In this research, in order to determine the proper location for solid landfills in the city of Osco, various indices such as Lithology, land use, vegetation cover, soil profile, topography, distance from urban areas and distance from main road, main waterways and Subsurface, residential areas, wells and faults in landfill location have been considered. For mapping capability, firstly, forbidden areas is deleted and 9 layers of weighing information, the process of analyzing of final map is prepared. Finally, proper areas of landfill in Osku city have been identified based on the location of the site in the form of four suitable and not suitable classifications. Based on the results of this study, 3 suitable zone were selected which were compared with each other after field visits from zone using TOPSIS method. Area having number 0 , in northeastern of Osku, based on the scores and having characteristics such as appropriate distance to population centers and access roads, proper slope, proper lithology, lack of vegetation and etc, with the least environmental impacts is determined as the preferred option.

Choosing landfill is one of the most important steps in the management of municipal solid waste and according to environmental impact, ecological landfill disposal site selection should be done carefully and in a scientific process.Usage of the tools and technology seems to be necessary to find a suitable place to bury it.Nowadays, GIS is widely used in environmental planning.In this study, to locate waste disposal site in Ilkhchi, different information layers of land use, vegetation, slope, lithology, soil texture, distance from the town, population centers, water supplies (aqueducts, wells and springs), canals, mines, access roads (primary and secondary) is used in power transmission lines.In order to map the areas removed Astdaddary first eight information layers on the weighting method using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) , final map is prepared. According to the study, all areas are suitable for construction of landfill in East study area. Finally, the environmental effects of each of the zones of the zone with the lowest environmental impacts as the best location for the city's landfill Ilkhchi is selected.Finally, by studying the environmental effects of each zone, the zone with the lowest environmental impact is selected as the best location for the landfill in Ilkhchi.

Occupational accidents are one of the most important causes of preventable disability and death in developing countries. Identifying the most probable risk factors in occupational injuries at a particular workplace can be considered as a basis for preventing or reducing the severity of these injuries. The aim of this study was to understand the factors that can affect occupational injuries in an industrial pipe factory.
This case-control study was performed by completion of the forms (these forms were designed Based on the literature review) and information from the workers records, who had a work-related accident during the years 2007- 2013. Control group were those who worked during this period in the same factory with no history of occupational accident. We used frequency tables for describing the types of accidents and logistic regression to analyse the data.
Out of 525 workers, 204 had occupational accident and 321 were considered as control group. The mean ± SD age of the case group was 29.7 ± 5.5 and that for the control group was 35 ± 6 years-old. This study showed that one of the main factors with the highest correlation with the risk of injury was lacking the home ownership. Youthfulness, smoking, marital status, level of education and lack of technical license were among the other factors that significantly (p Improving the socio-economic situations such as home ownerships can be very helpful in preventing injuries. Also a proper relevancy between the professional trainings and types of task assigned to the workers would be other effective solution in preventing work place injuries

Mass movements are a complicated mechanism that many factors and variables can play roles in their occurrence. In this article the frequency and distribution of large landslides in Sufiyan of the E- Azerbaijan province are studied. The main investigation of this study is to investigate that factors influencing the landslides through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and then hazard zonation map in the studied region. To do this, six landslide factors, including (1) lithology, (2) slope, (3) the distance of fault, (4) elevation, (5) the distance from the spring and (6) land usage, have been detected as important factors affecting the landslides in this area. Each layer is imported as data into GIS, and their weights are illustrated by using hierarchical analysis. Any how by integrating layers in GIS landslide hazards are mapped in 5 levels as very high-risky, high-risky, medium-risky, less-risky and very less-risky. The results show that most parts of the area are in the very less-risky (43%), and the others covered less-risky (22%), medium-risky (17%), high-risky (9%) and very high-risky (9%) parts of the area. From the mention factors in slopes instabilities, lithology, slope and the distance form fault ordinarily have impact on the slope movements of the studied region.

Suicide is one of the important social and mental health problems in many countries and considerable resources are devoted to health care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographic features of more than thousand cases of attempted suicide in Semnan province In this cross sectional study in 2008-2009, we collected data from cases referred to public hospitals and forensic medicine offices of Semnan province, using researcher made checklists, included demographic data and factors associated with suicide. Among 1217 cases of suicide attempts occurred in Semnan province, 768 cases (63.1%) were female and the rest were male. The mean age±SD of participants was 24.6±8.4. 599 cases (49.2%) were single. There was a significant relationship between gender and marital status (p<0.001) in a way that most of the male cases were single (60.8%) and most females were married (56.1%). The most common methods of suicide was drug toxicity (83.98%) and poison or opium overdose (7.1%). Totally, 1.6% of suicide attempts led to death which was significantly higher in men than in women (p<0.001). Since drug poisoning is the most common method of suicide, officials should ensure that drugs are offered only on prescriptions and physicians should avoid prescribing excessive drugs. Trying to identify high risk groups, providing education requirements, planning for employment and reducing the economic problems in young age group, is suggested

Lack of concentration in classroom is considered to be one of the most prevalent educational problems throughout education. The aim of this study is to discover and determine factors contributing to the students’ concentration in order to improve the level of concentration and quality of education. In this descriptive cross-sectional study، the sample included all medical students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences in 2010-11 academic years. A valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire، including demographic data and variables associated with concentration as perceived by students، was used for data gathering. Items were rated by 5 points scale (scored as 0-4). Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. 180 students completed the questionnaires. 59. 3% were female. Among the student-related factors، fatigue and sleepiness (mean 3. 66±0. 66) in class was recognized as the most remarkable factor interfering concentration. Meanwhile، studying teacher-related factors، teacher skills in applied demonstration of learning material (mean 3. 47±0. 80) was proved to be the main interfering factor. Among environmental factors، lighting and ventilation (mean 3. 07±0. 87) were the most significant factors. The most students believed that the highest concentration level was obtained in front seats (58. 3%) in the morning sessions within 10-12 o''clock (43. 8%). Regarding the fact that concentration is an acquisitive mental process، changing some behavioral patterns among students could lead to improvement in their concentration level. This may include planning for enough rest، paying attention to applied presentation of materials and consequently encouraging students، and providing a convenient learning setting such as physical conditions of the classroom.

Detection of optimized geochemical patterns requires Orientation Survey (O.S.) in which one of its important layers is selecting an effective data analysis method.In order to detect favorable potentials in Ghoulan area, discrimination of mineralized and blind ore zones using advanced techniques with presenting a suitable geochemical pattern and relative pathfinders is the scope of this study. In this respect, 233 stream sediment samples were collected from the area and analyzed for base metals (Cu, Mo, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Y …) and their indicator elements.The anomalous zones in the area were detected using two systemic methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and Fractal (F) methods. Application of F method on geochemical data leads to detection of two anomalous zones of Cu in Gharachilar and W-Loutkeh, with Mo appearance in Namnigh. The separation of these two anomalous zones (Cu& Mo) probably is due to acidity of area formed by solubility of sulphides from outcrops and migration of Mo in the form of molibdate which caused the precipitation of Cu and Mo in two different zones.The results show that both methods (F&PCA) have similar detection zones but the capability of PCA inenhancement of halos and detection of blind ore zones is more effective than F method. As in this case, it could detect strong blind anomalous zone of Mo in Namnigh in addition to Cu & Mo trend. Overall, thecharacterization of methods also revealed that the PCA is more reliable in rejecting the syngenetic effects and the results can be more precisely used in the area.