hamidreza rasooli

These days, cheating is one of the most important threats faced by insurance companies. In this study, we investigate the effect of customer dissatisfaction on customer cheating with moderating role of Machiavellianism. Statistical population of this research consist of all customers (between 40 to 50 thousand customers) of Parsian Insurance Company in Guilan Province. Our sample size is 400 customers according to Cochran’s formula. We have distributed questionnaires in a convenient sampling. This research is practical in terms of research orientations, descriptive study in terms of objectives, survey in terms of research strategies and questionnaire based in terms of data collection. We use SPSS and Smart PLS softwares. Results indicate customer dissatisfaction increases customer cheating. In addition, Machiavellianism moderates the relationship between customer dissatisfaction and cheating of insurance customers.

During surgery, the first and most important part of the body defense, skin barrier broked. Microorganisms can be located easily into the tissues and internal organs. Due to the limited studies in comparing the results and complications of surgical disinfection with or without chlorhexidine-alcohol spray in non-emergency abdominal surgery, this study was conducted.
The patients that undergoing elective abdominal surgery in baqiyatallah hospital (including cholecystectomy, gastrectomy, resection of the small intestine and colectomy) after obtaining informed consent, were recruited into the project. Prior to surgery, chlorhexidine was used as a spray in a cutting site. After the surgery was completed in the abdomen and before the skin was closed, an incision was taken from the edge of the surgical cutting edge with a swab for culture. Samples were transferred to the laboratory and bacterial mass count (Kant's colony) was performed. For the mean quantitative variables, standard deviation was calculated and for qualitative variables, number and percentage were reported. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software.
A total of 97 people were disinfected and evaluated. Of the total number, 5 (5.1%) of the cases were developed infection and 5 (5.1%) had a mass of staphylococcus epidermidis.
Due to the low number of infections and the ease of use and rapid disinfection of the site of operation by chlorhexidine, the using of this method in abdominal surgery is recommended.

Providing health services is described as an important moral measure, since its major aim is to ensure the welfare of the people who need treatment and care. Moral sensitivity is the ability to identify the existing moral problem and understand the moral consequences of the decisions made on the patient’s part. Physicians are always exposed to moral distress due to various circumstances.

In this survey, we evaluated moral sensitivity and moral distress among physicians and the relationship of these ethical factors on them. Hence, we assessed y relationship between moral sensitivity and moral distress in physicians will facilitate their sound management so as to provide high-quality and safe health services. Moreover it will confirm proposed theories regarding this subject.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study aimed at investigating the relationship between moral sensitivity and moral distress among 321 specialist physicians working in hospitals affiliated to Tehran Medical Universities in Tehran. The samples were selected through two-stage random cluster sampling method. A three-partite questionnaire comprising of demographic characteristics, moral distress, and moral sensitivity was used for collecting data which then were analyzed using SPSS-20.

There was a negative significant relationship between moral sensitivity and moral distress frequency; there was a positive significant relationship between moral sensitivity and moral distress intensity. Participating in medical ethics courses increased moral sensitivity and decreased the frequency of moral distress.

Participating in medical ethics courses increased moral sensitivity and decreased the frequency of moral distress.

After reestablishment of blood flow to ischemic limb recirculation of free radicals may cause ischemia-reperfusion injury in many organs. This study designed to investigate effects of hydrocortisone and alprostadil distant injury to kidneys by both measuring biochemical markers of oxidative stress and histopathologic examination in an experimental rat model of hind limb ischemia-reperfusion. This study conducted in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 2011–2012. Ischemia was established by infra renal aortic clamping for 60 min in 32 male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into those receiving alprostadil (group ischemia-reperfusion plus alprostadil (IR/A), n = 8), those receiving hydrocortisone (group ischemia-reperfusion plus hydrocortisone (IR/H), n = 8), control group (group ischemia-reperfusion (IR), n = 8), and sham group (n = 8). After 120 min of reperfusion both kidneys were removed. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) as indirect markers of oxidative injury was measured. Finally all data in different groups were compared using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Administration of alprostadil or hydrocortisone does not improve the biochemical parameters of oxidative injury including MDA and SOD. However, statistically significant difference was seen in GSH level among sham and IR groups. Mean (± standard deviation (SD)) concentration of GSH in IR, IR/A, IR/H, and sham groups were 1028.77 (72.65), 924.82 (70.66), 1000.28 (108.77), and 846.69 (163.52), respectively (P = 0.015). Histopathological study of specimens did not show any significant changes between groups. Alprostadil and hydrocortisone do not improve the kidney GSH, SOD, and MDA level and kidney releases its GSH reserve during ischemia-reperfusion event, and another point is that, 3 h of ischemia-reperfusion does not develop injury in kidney.