فهرست مطالب hanieh daneshvar

Over three decades after the war's resolution, ordinary women compelled to leave their homeland and subsequently reside in distant cities remain largely absent from narratives, research, and historiography. The most prominent texts on women's war experiences convey the narrative of women who were "decisive and influential," and who were able to make their voices heard due to their proximity to centers of power. Humanities research has focused exclusively on these published texts in the form of women's memoirs, avoiding direct reference to the enormous number of women who survived and lived through the war. Due to this gap in the discourse of war, this study attempted to address the lived experiences of 32 of these women directly by referring to those who live in Mashhad's Shahid Beheshti Town. In addition to analyzing the gender existence of the participants, structural concerns such as class, economic status, ethnicity, and culture are explored with the theoretical approach of "feminist phenomenology" and adherence to "positional subjectivity." The gathered narratives are evaluated in a narrative fashion using a "structuralist narrative" approach, and the "central narrative," which comprises the experiences of all participants, is narrated in three sections: "Facing War," "Survival Struggle," and "Reviving Life and Striving to Improve It."

In today's society, the phenomenon of "female-headed households" is increasing for a variety of reasons. This group of women is one of the marginalized groups in society that face many social, cultural and economic hardships. In this research, we tried to narrate the perceptions, feelings, pains, sufferings and finally the story of their lives by providing the possibility of recording the life experiences of these women. The most important question of this research was what concepts can be narrated in the experience of these women? And how do they understand, interpret, and narrate these experiences? This research was conducted in the form of qualitative methodology with the help of narrative analysis. For this purpose, we conducted in-depth and in-depth interviews with fifteen women heads of households under the auspices of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Mashhad. The experiences of these women include the following major narratives: childbearing, early motherhood, low level of economic and social capital, low level of cultural capital, temporary and insecure work, unsuccessful marriage and separation. It can be narrated from the spouse, insecurities and social pressures, burnout, loneliness, and endless worry and anxiety.

In the contemporary era and along with the admittance of modernity into the Iranian society, Iranian women have redefined their identities in the shadow of major social changes. However, the procedure of changing women's traditional roles as well as their presence in the public sphere has been a challenging process. These women are struggling with the structure of gender inequality in their identification process. Having employed a feminist approach and a qualitative and phenomenological method, the researchers of the present study have investigated the lived experiences of the women whose presence and employment in the press have given them different experiences as compared to their male counterparts. Accordingly, we conducted narrative and in-depth interviews with 16 women working in the press of Mashhad who were selected based on purposive sampling. Experiencing unequal distribution of power, wealth, prestige and opportunities, gender division of labor, the presence of gender stereotypes, gender sociability, the presence of gender ideologies, gender blindness in the workplace, feelings of relative deprivation, self- objectification, reliance on sexual capital by some women in the workplace, and strategies against the structure of gender inequality, are themes and concepts that explain the lived experiences of the women who participated in this study.

American Enterprise Institute (AEI) is a think tank that has a leading role in shaping US republicans’ foreign policy. The current study applies a descriptive-analytic method and the Game Theory to indicate the role of AEI in shaping US foreign policy against Iran. This study follows a descriptive-analytic method to content-analyze AEI’s published reports on Iran. The present study also adopts a statistical approach to calculate the weight and share of Iran related reports that are published at this think tank. The results indicate that AEI’s policy against Iran, including the six categories of Middle East, Intelligence, Defense, Terrorism, Latin America and Critical Threats’ Center has a significant effect in shaping Trump administration’s Iran foreign policy. According to the statistical data, about 85 percent of AEI’s reports on Iran, concentrate on Middle East and Terrorism, highlighting the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ (IRGC) threats, General Ghasem Suleimani's assassination and the development of US withdrawal from JCPOA. Finally, the application of Game Theory and analysis of this think tank's strategies toward the withdrawal of US from JCPOA indicates that other choices of US against Iran will reduce the efficiency of desired Iran diplomacy. Therefore, US withdrawal from JCPOA will result in a Nash Equilibrium between the two countries and they won't be reluctant to get out of this equilibrium state.

Few studies have been carried out to investigate public and governmental supports during the time of the (Iraqi imposed) war and after it. A group of women living in Beheshti township of Mashhad who were victims of the war, who realized it and its aftermaths very deeply, and who are among the most important narrators of the war, are, unfortunately, absolutely neglected in historiography of the (Iraqi imposed) war. Having realized this gap, the present paper employs a qualitative content analysis method to identify themes of public and governmental supports by analyzing part of findings of a MA thesis which included these women’s narrations of war extracted from narrative interviews with them. Available content was eventually categorized into five themes: the government’s support of victims of the war, public support of victims of the war, victims’ supports of each other, victims’ supports of fellow countrymen and the government, and public support of fellows and the government. The most important implication of this typology is the realization of presence of positive values in Iran’s cultural potential which, on the one hand, allows for immediate acts of support in the time of war, and, on the other hand, shows the important role of social capitals of victims of war, particularly the family and relatives, in forming sustainable, inclusive support.