hasan ahmadvand

Loranthus grewinkii is a damaging species that is a type of leafy species and inhabits on trees of Zagros forests. This plant in order to provide some of the needed nutrient elements for photosynthesis, it needs its host plant to obtain the water and nutrients. For that reason, they cause changes in biochemical compositions in their host trees. In this research, the effect of Loranthus grewinkii Boiss & Buhse was investigated on organic compounds such as total tannin, total phenol, dense tannin, flavonoids, protein, total sugars, insoluble sugar and proline in Amygdalus Scoparia in Southern Zagros forests, Khoram Abad, Iran. The results showed that the total phenol, dense tannin, total tannin, flavonoids and proline in the leaf of the infected individuals were significantly higher than the healthy wild almond (P≤0.05 and P≤0.01). Also, the results showed that sugar content, soluble sugar and protein in healthy individuals were more than the infected individuals to Loranthus grewinkii (P≤0.05, P≤0.01). It is seemed, increasing secondary compounds such as total phenol, dense tannin, total tannin, flavonoid, and proline due to disease occurs in tree to make efforts in orderto increase tolerance to the disease. Therefore, due to the activity of the semi-parasitic plant on these trees, the drying phenomenon is observed on the crown or branches of wild almond trees, so it can be used in the cleaning practice to prevent the prevalence and spread of Loranthus grewinkii in the Southern Zagros region, especially, Lorestan province.

Loranthus grewinkii is a damaging species that is a type of leafy species and inhabits on trees of Zagros forests. This plant in order to provide some of the needed nutrient elements for photosynthesis, it needs its host plant to obtain the water and nutrients. For that reason, they cause changes in biochemical compositions in their host trees. In this research, the effect of Loranthus grewinkii Boiss & Buhse was investigated on organic compounds such as total tannin, total phenol, dense tannin, flavonoids, protein, total sugars, insoluble sugar and proline in Amygdalus Scoparia in Southern Zagros forests, Khoram Abad, Iran. The results showed that the total phenol, dense tannin, total tannin, flavonoids and proline in the leaf of the infected individuals were significantly higher than the healthy wild almond (P≤0.05 and P≤0.01). Also, the results showed that sugar content, soluble sugar and protein in healthy individuals were more than the infected individuals to Loranthus grewinkii (P≤0.05, P≤0.01). It is seemed, increasing secondary compounds such as total phenol, dense tannin, total tannin, flavonoid, and proline due to disease occurs in tree to make efforts in orderto increase tolerance to the disease. Therefore, due to the activity of the semi-parasitic plant on these trees, the drying phenomenon is observed on the crown or branches of wild almond trees, so it can be used in the cleaning practice to prevent the prevalence and spread of Loranthus grewinkii in the Southern Zagros region, especially, Lorestan province.

Skeletal muscles are composed of various contracted fibrils, which are mainly divided into fast-twitch and slow-twitch. This study aimed to investigate 8 weeks endurance activity on the MEF2 and HDACA4 gene expression in fast-twitch and slow-twitch skeletal muscles in male Wistar rats.
in order to carry out this study, 20 heads of male Wistar rats, age 4 weeks (110± 10), were bought from the Razi Institute of Lorestan Medical University. The same laboratory conditions were provided for the rats for the completion of 14 days of an endurance familiarization course to teach running on treadmill. At the end of this course, the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Experimental group (n=10 head) and control group (n= 10 head). An eight week endurance program, 5 sessions per week, was performed for the experimental group.
this study showed that there was no significant change in the relative gene expression of HDACA4 and MEF2 in EDL muscle in either group (P>0.05). However, the relative gene expression of MEF2 in the experimental group was not statically significant in comparison to the control group (P>0.05). In sol muscles, there was no statically significant changes in either group’s gene expression. The relative gene expression of MEF2 in the experimental group showed a statistically significant reduction in comparison to the control group (P>0.05).
in summary, the results of this research have shown that doing 8 weeks endurance exercises did not cause any changes in HDAC4 and MEF2 gene expression in EDL muscle. Although in the SOL muscle, MEF2 gene expression decreased, no changes in the level of HDAC4 gene expression were observed.

free radicals produced as a result of heavy training exercise especially oxygen species (ROS) damage to body tissues Which can be prevent from this by consuming antioxidant substances timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum) peel hydro alcoholic on reduced of oxidative stress induced by an exhaustive exercise.
Thirty two weight-matched male Wistar rats were evenly divided into: 1) control: received saline (0.2 ml saline/ rat) by oral administration via epigastric tube. 2) Received oral administration of 200 mg/kg pomegranate peel hydro alcoholic extract (PPHE200). 3) Received oral administration of 250 mg/kg Pomegranate peel hydro alcoholic extract (PPHE250). 4) Received oral administration of vitamin E (vit E) 5 mg/kg. Animals were submitted to swimming exhaustive exercise stress for an 8-week. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for serum. Serum samples were analyzed for paraoxonase-1(PON-1) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and nitric oxide levels.
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activities serum were significantly increases in PPHE200 (23.03±1.47), PPHE250 (23.59±1.98) and vit E (25.38±2.65) than in the control (18.57±1.380) (p Results indicated that Pomegranate peel hydro alcoholic extract supplementations can strength antioxidant defense system and anti-inflammatory induced by exhaustive exercise.

There are low and conflicting data about the relationships between homocysteine, adiponectin/ homocysteine ratio and uric acid with insulin resistance indexes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate serum values of homocysteine, adiponectin, adiponectin/ homocysteine ratio and uric acid and their relationships with insulin resistance index in GDM compared with normal pregnancy.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 30 women with GDM and 30 normal pregnant women referred to Asalian hospital of Khorramabad during 2013-2014. Serum levels of glucose and uric acid were measured by photometric method and serum levels of homocysteine, adiponectin and insulin were measured by ELISA method. Data was analyzed by independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation analysis. P
Serum levels of homocysteine were significantly increased in GDM compared with normal pregnant women (P Increased serum values of homocysteine and decreased values of adiponectin/ homocysteine ratio and lightly increased levels of uric acid could be considered as risk factors for insulin resistance in GDM.

The prevalence of diabetes is rising in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the possible protective effect of sodium selenite on serum lipid profile and atherogenic indexes in Alloxan-induced Type 1 diabetic rats. Forty Sprage-dawley male rats were divided into four groups randomly; group one, as control, group two, sham (control treated with sodium selenite (1mg/kg)), group three, diabetic untreated, and group four, treated with sodium selenite (1mg/kg), respectively. Diabetes was induced in the second and third groups by alloxan injection subcutaneously. After 8 weeks, animals were anaesthetized, blood samples were also collected before killing to measure the blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL and serum atherogenic indexes. Sdium selenite inhibited a significant decrease of BG, TG, C, LDL and VLDL. HDL level. Sodium selenite inhibited significantly serum atherogenic indexes level. This study showed that sodium selenite exerts beneficial effects on the BG, lipid profile and atherogenic indexes in alloxan-induced Type 1 diabetic rats.

Gentamicin sulphate (GS) nephrotoxicity seems to be related to the generation of reactive oxygen species. There is evidence that oxygen preconditioning increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Forty eight female rats were divided into 6 groups (n=8) as follows: group 1 was the control, group 2 received daily GS, groups 3,4 and 5 received oxygen 2 hr/day for 2 days, 4 hr/day for 2 days, 4 hr/day for 4 days, recpectively and then received daily GS, group 6 received oxygen 2 hr/day for 2 days and then received 2 hr oxygen before daily GS injection. Oxygen (with 90% purity) used at the flow rate of 4 l/min. GS administred for 8 days (100 mg/kg, IP). Tissue sections prepared from the left kidney, stained with PAS method and then studied hisopathologically and stereologically. The right kidneys were homogenized and the supernatants were prepared. Serum MDA, creatinine and urea, renal MDA, gluthatione and catalase activity were measured. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test at the significant level of P Oxygen therapy significantly improves serum creatinine and urea, preserve tubular volume density, reduce tubular necrosis in groups 4 and 6 compared to group 2. Oxygen therapy significantly increases renal catalase in groups 4 and 6 compared to group 2. Pretreatment with normobaric hyperoxia and daily oxygen therapy improved gentamicin nephrotoxicity possibly via inhibition of lipid peroxidation and increasing the renal catalase activity but could not restore any parameter at the same levels as control group.

Regarding estrogen role in free radical scavenging، secretion cessation of estrogen in menopause is considered as the source of ROS increase. due to deficiency of estrogen، antioxidant defence system seems to be affected in this phase. The aim of this study was Assay of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in menopausal women. This case-control study was performed on 75 postmenopausal women as a case group and 74 volunteer premenopausal women as a control was performed. Serum enzyme activity of catalase، superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity was measured in the fasting state. The amount of total antioxidant capacity in postmenopausal (11. 4±4. 4 mM Trolox) compared to the control group (10. 3±1. 2 mM Trolox) were significantly decreased (p<0. 05). The activity of superoxide dismutase in postmenopausal (1. 92±0. 14 Unit/mg-protein) compared to the control group (2. 07±0. 09 Unit/mg-protein) were significantly decreased (p<0. 05). The obtained data showed that total antioxidant capacity and activity of superoxide dismutase enzymes decrease in the postmenopausal women. Increasing of Oxidative stress cause probably result in reduction of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase enzymes activity.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as lung cancer، chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and atheroscleorosis. Smoking may enhance oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen radicals in smoke and weakens the antioxidant defense system. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on superoxide dismutase، catalase enzymes activities and total antioxidant capacity in cigarette smokers. This research was done on thirty male volunteers (25-35 years-old) who smoked over 10 cigarettes per day. Controls were thirty non-smoker male volunteers (25-35 years-old). Blood samples from overnights fasted subjects were used for the study. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and total anti oxidation capacity were analyzed. Data was described as mean±SD and data means of the two groups was compared by independent T-test. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software. The amount of total antioxidant capacity and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity had a significant statistical decrease in the group compared to the control group (p<0. 05). This study showed that oxidative stress causes a decline of the body antioxidant protective system which in long time it can cause cardiac and blood-vessels diseases in cigarette smokers.

Oxidation of lipids such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly suggested as a key factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thus the inclusion of some anti-oxidant compounds such as vitamin E and Satureja Khozistanica Essential oil (SKE) in daily dietary food stuff may inhibit the production of oxidized LDL and may decrease both the development and the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this research is to study inhibitory effects of different concentrations of essential oil Satureja Khozistanica on LDL oxidation in vitro. Fasting blood samples from normal people after an overnight fasting were collected and then isolated LDL was incubated without CuSO4 as control and incubated with CuSO4 and several concentration of SKE (50، 100 and 200 mg/ml); and vitamin E as positive control (100 µM). Then the formation of conjugated dienes، lag time and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. Inhibition of this Cu-induced oxidation was studied in the presence of several concentration of SKE and vitamin E. The results showed that SKE induced LDL oxidation and decrease the resistance of LDL against oxidation in vitro. SKE at concentrations of 50، 100 and 2000 µg/ml، and vitamin E (100 µM); showed an increase rate of 33. 33، 66. 66، 100. 00 and 111. 11% respectively، against oxidation in vitro. The inhibitory effects of the SKE on LDL oxidation were dose-dependent at concentrations of 50، 100 and 200 µg/ml. This study showed that Satureja Khozistanica prevented the oxidation of LDL in vitro and it may suggest that it has the similar effects in vivo.

Isotretinoin is a common drug in treatment of acne vulgaris. In the present study، the effect of isotretinoin on serum lipids and index hepatic enzymes in patients with acne vulgaris was examined. In this clinical trial study، 44 patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris with mean age of 23. 6 ± 6. 0 years referred to dermatologist and resistant to conventional treatment were enrolled according to availability method. The patients were administered with oral isotretinoin in 0. 5 mg/kg/day dose for 120 days. Fasting blood glucose، cholesterol، triglyceride، and the activity of ALT، AST، and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were measured by commercially available kits prior to and after treatment. The obtained data were analyzed by software using paired t-test in SPSS software. This study indicated that serum level of cholesterol، triglyceride، and GGT increased by 12. 02% (P=0. 001)، 57. 9% (P=0. 001) and 33. 55% (P=0. 001)، respectively. The results of the present study indicated that isotretinoin has negative effects on lipid and antioxidant status in patients with acne vulgaris consuming this drug. Therefore، it is recommended to examine the administration of some antioxidants like vitamin E alongside isotretinoin in patients in the future studies.

Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to assess serum levels of isoprostane F2α، malondialdehyde and total homocysteine in preeclamptic women compared with normal pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was designed. The patients consisted of 30 preeclamptic women. The normal group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women. Serum level of malondialdehyde was measured by colorimetric method. Isoprostane F2α and homocysteine levels were assessed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. A p value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Serum levels of isoprostane F2α، malondialdehyde and homocysteine were significantly higher in preeclamptic group than in normal pregnant women (p < 0. 05). All of the biomarkers were significantly higher in women with severe preeclampsia than in mild preeclamptic women (p < 0. 05). The findings of the present study suggest that lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress might be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Antioxidants are compounds that protect the body against damage caused by oxidative stress that induce by free radicals. The aim of present work is to compare the various antioxidative activities of leaves hydroalcholic extract and essential oil of Vitex pseudo-negundo. In this experimental study، leaves hydroalcholic extract and essential oil of Vitex pseudo-negundo were prepared and then radical scavenging activity of samples was assessed by using Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Total antioxidant capacity samples was assessed by method of phosphomolybdat. The amount of total phenol and flavonoid samples was assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu and Zhishen methods The results showed that total antioxidant capacity Leaves hydroalcholic extract and essential oil of Vitex pseudo-negundo is (1. 76±0. 25; 2. 12±0. 60)، phenol content (133. 11±3. 00; 22. 00±2. 00)، and flavonoid content (18. 00±1. 00; 5. 50±4. 00). In the DPPH scavenging assay، the IC50 (the concentration required to scavenge 50% of radical) values of leaves hydroalcholic extract and essential oil and Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as refernce were (224. 75±4. 52; 133. 00±3; 3. 88±1μg/ml)، respectively. This study showed that Vitex pseudo-negundo extract is an source easily accessible of natural antioxidants and it may be suitable for use in food and pharmaceutical applications.

Administration of Gentamicin is restricted due to its nephrotoxicity. Many studies have demonstrated that free radicals induced Gentamicin- nephrotoxicity. Olive leaf contains some antioxidant biophenols such as Oleuropin. In this study for the first time the effect of hydroalcohlic olive leaf extract on Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated. 35 male Sprague-Dowley rates were randomly divided into five groups. The first group served as a control and injected with the normal saline. Nephrotoxicity induced by Gentamicin (100 mg/kg) in experimental groups for 12 days. Three groups were treated with hydroalcohlic olive leaf extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively). The rats were killed on the twelfth day.Plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) and creatinine concentrations were measured. Kidney sections were prepared and stained with PAS method for histopathological studies. hydroalcohlic olive leaf extract at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/d significantly reduced gentamicin-induced tubular necrosis (p<0.05) and inhibited decreases of proximal tubule volume density (p<0.05). hydroalcohlic olive leaf extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg/d significantly reduced lymphocyte infiltration in comparison with Gentamicin administrated rats (p<0.05). Gentamicin increased level of MDA. Treatment with extract (100 mg/kg/d), significantly reduced level of MDA compared with other groups (p<0.05).Use of extract at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/d significantly inhibited increase of serum creatinine (p<0.001). Treatment with extract (50 mg/kg/d), significantly inhibited increase of serum urea (p<0.05). Hydroaleohlic olive leaf extract can reduce Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and this effect is probably depends on antioxidant properties of this extract.

Objective(s)Oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis. Rosmarinic acid, a plant phenolic compound, was first used as an antioxidant agent for inhibition of diabetic nephropathy.Material and MethodsFortymale rats were uninephrectomized from the left flank.The rats were divided in four groups randomly; group one as control, group two diabetic untreatment, groups three and four treatment with rosmarinic acid by 100 or 200 mg/kg/d orally respectively. Diabetes was induced in the second, third and fourth groups by alloxan injection subcutaneously. After 8 weeks treatment, serum malondialdehyde was measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Serum creatinine and serum urea were measured by kits. Kidney paraffin sections were prepared and stained by periodic acid Schiff method.Glomerular volume and glomerular number were estimated by stereological rules and glomerular sclerosis was studied semi-quantitatively. Data were analyzed by non-parametric Man Whitney test (using SPSS 13 software) and P< 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsRosmarinic acid (100 or 200 mg/kg) significantly inhibited glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular number loss, glomerulosclerosis, lipid peroxidation, serum urea and creatinine compared with the diabetic untreated group. The level of glomerular number and serum malondialdehyde in the treated groups (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg of rosmarinic acid) was maintained at the same level as compared to the control group. ConclusionRosmarinic acid could significantly reduce glomerular hypertrophy, loss of glomerular number, glomerulosclerosis and attenuated serum urea and serum creatinine in diabetic rats.

Objective(s)Recent studies revealed the neuroprotective effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on a variety of neural injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of EGCG on the tissue lipid peroxidation after spinal cord injury (SCI).Materials and MethodsRats were randomly divided into four groups of 7 rats each as follows: sham-operated group, trauma group, and EGCG-treatment groups (50 mg/kg, i.p., immediately and 1 hr after SCI). The rats were euthanized 24 hr after injury and then, spinal cord samples were taken for determination of malodialdehyde levels, as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. ResultsThe results showed that MDA levels were significantly decreased in EGCG-treatment groups. ConclusionOn the basis of these findings, we propose that EGCG may be effective in protection of spinal cord tissue from injury