فهرست مطالب hasan haidary

The event of the Islamic Revolution brought about changes in the cultural and political atmosphere of Iran and brought with it achievements. In this way, a religious current emerged in fiction. The analysis of fictional elements in the literature of the revolution reflects the purpose and causes of this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to continue the scope of research in revolutionary literature in order to investigate how Maryam Basiri approaches the theme and characters of the novel involved in the love of religious teachings. The research method is analytical-descriptive, the method of data collection is library. The basis of the analysis is the range of words, specific and frequent concepts related to religious teachings. Basiri, by designing and creating a religious situation, continues the flow of religious literature after the Islamic Revolution and seeks to strengthen theology, expand and generalize the foundations of belief, and through characters and themes, a teaching-promotional approach to the principles and foundations of Islam and induction It has a religious feeling to the audience and benefits from the doctrinal concepts, rules and ethics of Islam. The issue of Imamate is most evident in this approach. Basiri, from the language of typical characters, has a value-oriented view of religious concepts and takes the educational propositions of religion to the basis of the novel and facilitates access to religious teachings by studying the work of fiction for the audience.

 "character" is one of the most important elements of the narrative and how the characters are interpreted is one of the main components of text interpretation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the semantic codes of fictional characters based on the theory of semantics based on new approaches to characterization analysis in narratology and a combination of theories of "Raymond-Kennan", "Rollanbart", "Michael Ball" and ... in the novel "Involved in Love" by Maryam Basiri With library and descriptive-analytical studies. The results of the research are as follows: Semantics is the achievement of a concept whose subject is not a word but is understood according to the compositional structure of the word and calls the word a signifier and the meaning signified and meaning. Typical and static characters of this novel, according to the principles of generalizability, repetition, contradiction and similarity; They have a combination of several attributes such as responsibility, humility, religion, sacrifice, etc., and have been created in the continuation of the flow of religious literature with a propagandistic approach with the aim of disseminating religious concepts and teachings and the achievements of sacred defense. Character traits are depicted in textual contexts such as the direct description of the omniscient, the description of appearances, the naming of characters, their actions and conversations. The most important codes and semantic context of the characters of this religious novel are beliefs and the most prominent semantic value is the characteristic of self-sacrifice and devotion.

In addition to forming the identity of individuals, the “border” phenomenon, in its both objective and subjective concepts, acts as the separator of the political, and geographical interests of the individuals or groups. Having a contractual nature, the objective and subjective borders take their root from the commonalities and differences among the persons and phenomena. Such borders and oppositions are so pervasive that they cover all the natural and man-made domains. The epics “Rostam and Sohrab” and “Rostam and Esfandiar” as the research area of this article, tend to narrate such demarcations in the objective and mental spheres in both surface and deep structures. They have formed fundamental nodes in the fields related to the causality of plot and the development of other events of the epics in the form of opposition of structures, personalities, and actions. Accordingly, in these epics, given the content and the climax, there are several infrastructure nodes represented by opposing structures, including the opposite between Zoroastrianism and Mithraism, warrior and ruler, father and son, wisdom and lust, matriarchy and patriarchy, Iran and Turan, self and other, and hidden and visible identity. These infrastructure nodes in fact account for some of the reasons for the formation and emergence of such epics in Shahnameh. In terms of content, such borders in two epics, from the point of view that this article addresses them as a limited and opposition-oriented reading, can reflect the process of replacing the matriarchal social system by the patriarchal social system and the bloody wars of the Iranian peoples in line with promoting and consolidating the Zoroastrian religion instead of old Iranian religions, including Mithraism.

Psychoanalytic analysis of the character element in the author's cold coffee novel Abstract The breakdown of any phenomenon into its constituent elements is scientifically important. "Character" ‌ is one of the most important building blocks of the novel and how the characters of the story are interpreted are the main components of the interpretation of the text. This research seeks psychoanalytic analysis and analysis of the characters and characterization methods in the psycho-letter novel "Mr. Writer's Cold Coffee" by "Roozbeh Moin". The research method is analytical-descriptive and the method of data collection is library studies. The findings of this study with the analysis of the variable quantities of the characters are as follows: Psychoanalytic analysis is a kind of interpretation of the text and the study of the causes of the actions of the characters. The main characters of this novel are a prototype of people who suffer from psychosis and abnormalities in the world of postmodernism and absurdism, such as skepticism, meaninglessness, denial of truth and reality and psycho-behavioral symptoms, delusions and delusions of Sociopido's anti-social characters. They describe the treatment and improvement of these diseases and the defense mechanisms such as daydreaming, aggression, escape, etc. that motivate and motivate their action. The actions of the characters are influenced by the shadow or dark aspects of their existence. The novel Cold Coffee Psychology is a depiction of the turmoil of contemporary man and the world around him. Keywords: personality, author's cold coffee, psychoanalytic analysis, postmodernism.

Political poetry in Persian literature with the Constitutional Revolution was able to rise to the top of poetic themes, After the constitution, it was considered in the course of modern poetry and was established as a literary type in contemporaryliterature In this article, with the aim of recognizing the linguistic system of this type of literature and its pathology from the Constitutional Revolution to the victory of the Islamic Revolution, relying on the poems of Nima Yoshij as the leader of this poem in the Pahlavi period, its main slips and linguistic defects have been studied. The study shows that factors such as the emotional entry of poets into this theme, the importance of thought over language, attention to the popular audience, highlighting the style and weakness of poetry, contemporary political poetry has suffered linguistic damage. This can be seen even in Nima"s poem, which is itself a critic of the factors mentioned. Lack of observance of the linguistic system in grammatical logic, stereotypical use of symbolic words, and improper aberrations are the most important linguistic slips of Nima"s political poetry These cases are very evident in the first decades of his poetry, but in the last decade, Nima has been able to reach a language that is free from serious harm.

Allusion is one of the most commonly used rhetorical techniques in Persian literature and especially Persian poetry. This research reviews the allusion figure of speech in Persian rhetorical sources comparatively. Research questions are: 1) What is allusion? 2) What is the position of allusion in Persian rhetorical resources? 3) Why and how has allusion been commingled with other figures of speech? 4) How does the role of allusion aesthetics in poetry become apparent? For answering these questions, relevant information to allusion from forty different Farsi and Arabic rhetorical references was collected based on inductive method. Obtained data was investigated based on descriptive-analytical approach. Results of the research indicate that Farsi rhetorical sources to comply with Arabic resources just rounded off with allusion definition and by categorizing it in a subset of plagiarism does not clarify its position as an independent rhetorical figure. Because of unlimited conceptual boundaries, allusion has comingled with other figures of speech and therefore analysis of its impact and aesthetic role in Persian poetry has been ignored.
In present times, by quantitative and qualitative development of studies based on modern literary theories, rhetorical studies has been quite dim. Farsi rhetoric sources mainly to comply with Arabic references has discussed each figure of speech separately, defined and given examples but has not talked about their relations. Allusion is one of figures of speech. In this article has been tried to clarify allusion definition, position, its beauty-creation role and its relevance to contemporary literary theories in Farsi rhetorical sources.
1. At first, literal and figurative meaning of allusion was investigated. Precise definition of this term was explained and borders between it and other figures of speech was drawn. According to this investigation, acceptable definition of allusion is: when an artist in his/her text hints to other story, proverb, poetry or another work on condition that this hint and referral is covert, temporary, indirect and story-based.
2. A dual and paradoxical vision dominates allusion position in Farsi rhetorical sources. In rhetorical works dependent on author`s view point, the term of allusion has been defined and interpreted. Sometimes it is considered as a kind of plagiarism and sometimes it is regarded as a kind of rhetorical figure and technique.
3. Allusion has been merged to other figures of speech. Since the conceptual area of the term allusion is not clearly distinct in rhetorical sources, it has been mingled with other figures such as quotation title, gnomic verse (proverb), interpolation, prose paraphrase and adaptation. Authors have tried to make clear the borders among these figures and separate the conceptual area of allusion from other rhetoric figures.
4. In rhetorical sources, there is little focus on the role of allusion in highlighting and beauty- creation. Allusion in Farsi poetry and prose often occurs with other literary figures simultaneously and this density and interrelation of figures doubles its beauty and influence power. The hidden conciseness and prolixity in allusion joins this figure to pragmatics and in the field of rhetoric, connection of allusion to other figures strengthens imagery effects in the literary work.
5. Allusion is linked with some of the contemporary literary theories and is one of the fields of intertextuality emergence in a literary work. This intertextuality connection is sometimes apparent and obvious and sometimes hidden and obscure. Therefore, to avoid repeated allusions and releasing from influence anxiety of the previous text and misreading of it, orators have used the allusion figure.

Rudaki is one of the greatest figures Persian poetry in the third and fourth century AH. From Rudaki’s poems remaind about thousand Verses for us، these verses were obtained among other works. Lack of original manuscript، the duration، changes Persian language، various recordings in secondary sources… were caused that the reading and concept of Rudaki's poetry be difficult. In this essay، Has been investigated various readings from a famous couplet of Rudaki. This study is based on historical grammar and Persian stylistics، the textual evidence، and extra-textual evidence show that reading of the poetry of Rudaki is incorrect. Finally، this research has proposed a edition of the poem، and describes its meaning and its interpretation.