hassan abdi

Yuval Noah Harari, a professor of history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, emphasizes the significant impact of imagination on man’s social life and describes religion as a constructed reality that has played an important role in human life. According to him, with the advent of the scientific revolution and the focus on scientific discoveries, there was no longer a place for religion. As a result, religion, due to its mythological and justification-based nature, faced a kind of decline. This paper, using a descriptive-analytical method, presents a coherent explanation of Harari's scattered theories and evaluates his statements. It is shown that by examining the intrinsic content of true religion (such as Islam) and the practical conduct of believers, it becomes clear that such a religion has never been opposed to science. Therefore, what has stood in the way of human progress is a deviation in religion, not the essence of religion. Moreover, considering the role of religion in fulfilling many psychological and spiritual needs and even in properly guiding scientific achievements, one cannot deny the active role and functions of religion. Negligence towards these aspects of religion and the consequent negative outcomes in human life have led to new tendencies toward religion among many intellectuals.

Research has shown that stuttering has a negative impact on a person's overall vitality and emotional, social, and psychological health, potentially leading to a reduction in the quality of life of adults who stutter; So, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy based on mindfulness on social anxiety, self-efficacy and quality of life of adults with stuttering with a psycholinguistic approach.

Methods and Materials:

 The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adult men with stuttering who referred to psychological clinics in Mashhad in 1402. Among these people, 30 people were selected by available sampling and according to the entry and exit criteria. In addition, they were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). participants in the pre-test and post-test stages of social anxiety scales; World Health Organization quality of life short form; They completed the self-efficacy questionnaire. The experimental group received the cognitive behavioral therapy program based on mindfulness in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group was subjected to regular daily training. Data analysis was done using SPSS-24 software and multivariate analysis of covariance test, following statistical assumptions.

The results showed that training based on cognitive behavioral therapy based on mindfulness is significantly effective on social anxiety, self-efficacy and quality of life of adults with stuttering (P<0.05).

According to the research results, it is possible to help improve social anxiety, self-efficacy, and quality of life of adults with stuttering through cognitive behavioral therapy based on mindfulness.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of combining aerobic exercise and diet with and without mindfulness motivational interviewing on cravings and quality of life of overweight non-athletes’ men.

semi-experimental research method with a pre-test and post-test research design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research was made up of non-athletic men referring to the clubs of Shahrood city. The sampling method was purposeful, and based on the criteria for entering the research, 34 people were selected randomly into 3 control groups (12 people), aerobic exercise and low-calorie diet (11), and aerobic exercise and low-calorie diet together with interviews. Motivation and mindfulness (11) were divided. The research tools included the food craving questionnaire (FCQ) and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire. One-way analysis of variance was used for intergroup changes using SPSS version 25 software and a significance level of P<0.05.

The results of the research showed that there is a difference between the post-test averages of craving variables and quality of life in the control and experimental groups (p≥0.001). But there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups (p≤0.001).

It seems that both experimental groups have the same effect on quality of life and craving variables. In this regard, in order to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested that more research be done.

 The present study was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of self-compassion training on negative and positive emotions, psychological resilience and quality of life of drug addicts.

 The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the nature of the data. The statistical population of the research included all drug-addicted men who referred to the addiction treatment clinics of Damghan city (Clinics of Nejat Center, Fajr, Atiyeh, Sarai Omid, Hamiyaran Pak, Menji, Shefa, 15 Aban, Naday Zendeh, Kimia) in 1402. Among these people, 30 people were selected by available sampling method and according to the entry and exit criteria. And they were randomly placed in the experimental group and the control group (15 people in each group). The participants in the pre-test and post-test stages were tested on the positive and negative affect scale of Watson, Clark & Tellegen (1988); World Health Organization quality of life short form; psychological resilience scale of Connor and Davidson (2003) completed. During the intervention process, the experimental group received Gilbert's (2010) compassion-based training program in 8 90-minute sessions, and the control group received regular daily training. Data analysis was done by using SPSS-24 software and multivariate covariance analysis test in compliance with statistical assumptions.

 The results showed that training based on self-compassion on positive and negative emotions; Quality of Life; Psychological resilience is significantly effective (P ≤ 0.001).

 According to the results of the present research, it is possible to improve positive and negative emotions; Quality of life of psychological resilience of substance abusers helped through self-compassion-based training.

Explorations concerning the faculties of the soul are among the most important discussions within Sadrian psychology. Based are two aspects, the discussions on faculties of the soul are interconnected with natural assumptions. Firstly, philosophers prior to Mulla Sadra have discussed psychological problems in the section on natural sciences. Secondly, the soul and body have a close relationship, to the extent that addressing certain issues related to faculties of the soul necessitates discussing bodily issues. In this paper, compiled data have been analyzed and examined using a rational method. It is established that natural assumptions, such as the theory of the four elements, the mizaj (temperaments) and the nine spheres of heaven, as well as empirical propositions regarding the effects and functions of animal body parts, have been employed in three ways in discussions related to the faculties of the soul. Some of these assumptions have been utilized in proving problems, such as enumerating and proving the faculties of the soul, the necessity of the faculty of touch, and proving the faculties of the heavenly souls. Other assumptions have been employed in expounding issues, such as defining and specifying faculties of the soul, elucidating the functions of faculties of the soul, and clarifying the position of tools and faculties of the soul. Some natural assumptions have even originated specific problems related to the discussions on faculties of the soul, such as the problems of faculties of the heavenly soul.

The authentic culture of the Caucasus can be found in the handicrafts of this region, which is tied to the culture of Iran and shows the creativity, thought and taste of the people of this land. The diversity of climate, weather and culture was well reflected in the variety of handicrafts of the people of the Caucasus during the period of Tsarist Russia, which had a great impact on the family economy.With the occupation of the Caucasus in the territory of the Tsarist Russian Empire, the government's economic policies in the Caucasus, during the period of establishing the sovereignty were accompanied by many problems to determine the relationship of the South Caucasus with the governing body. Different points of view would fail and as a result, neither the central government nor the local government could pursue a coherent policy. Despite this, the Caucasus never found a better place than a reliable raw material depot for Central Russian industries.The first half of the 19th century until the peasant reforms in 1861 AD, handicrafts in the Caucasus in order to strengthen the regional economy, social welfare and restore the relationship between the people and the government, in line with the general policies of the government, found an opportunity for prosperity and active participation in domestic and international markets such as Nizhny Novgorod; To the extent that they do not dominate the sale of Russian products in the region and serve the central Russian industries to supply their raw materials, so that perhaps by changing their customs and traditions, they can become closer to the Russian culture. Handicrafts played a great role in the region's self-sufficiency, depending on the geographical conditions of the region to respond to the needs and solve them or provide welfare.With the peasant reforms of 1861, the economic conditions in the Caucasus underwent many changes and colonial policies became more apparent than before. The Caucasus became a largest warehouse of raw materials and a larger sales market for Central Russian industries. Handicrafts became the target of this policy and Caucasian family management gradually changed. At the end of the 19th century, the number of artisans decreased sharply, but instead, the prosperity of some crafts increased and because these industries had great economic values ​​for the benefit of the government, the government took steps to develop these industries.The South and North Caucasus had completely different conditions in terms of agriculture. Because the share of fertile agricultural land in the North Caucasus was more, agriculture flourished in this region and handicrafts were produced to the extent of their needs, but a large part of the land in the South Caucasus was made up of pastures, which had good conditions for ranching. For this reason, a lot of wool, silk and leather were produced in this region, and due to the lack of suitable land for agriculture and on the other hand, to fill leisure time in the cold season, handicrafts flourished. Research question: The main goal of this research is to answer the question of what role handicrafts played in the Caucasian family economy in the last century of Tsarist Russia.Research Hypothesis: Our hypothesis in this historical research is based on the fact that according to the agricultural and rural structure, climate diversity, available raw materials and socio-political conditions in the Caucasus under the Russian occupation, handicrafts by expanding the spirit of participation of family members and raising the level of employment and increasing per capita income bears a significant part of the economic burden. The current fundamental research is based on qualitative method of content analysis, the tool is historical data which is analyzed with a descriptive-analytical approach. Although the tsarist Russian government could not have a coherent policy regarding the role of the Caucasus in the imperial policy, it turned the Caucasus into a reliable source of raw materials for Central Russian industries. From the point of view of the government, the development of handicrafts in the Caucasus was justified to some extent so that they would not dominate the sale of Russian products in the region and serve the industries of Central Russia. Despite this, the role of handicrafts in the family economy in the Caucasus was large, and it was a function of geographical conditions, people's lifestyle, access to primary resources, culture and politics, and according to geographical and cultural conditions, it had a lot of diversity and most people were engaged in several fields. In addition, handicrafts provided the opportunity for the participation of all family members in strengthening the family economy, and each family member at any age worked in a part of handicrafts depending on his abilities. People's employment during the cold season, when communication routes between villages and cities were closed, provided a very good opportunity to strengthen the Caucasian family's economy, which in addition to entertainment, also brought income. With the industrial development in the region, in the late 19th century and early 20th century, some handicrafts flourished in this region and became the main occupation of the people in the South Caucasus. The share of handicrafts in the family economy of the South Caucasus was higher than that of the North Caucasus, and it covered nearly one third of the living expenses of the families of the South Caucasus, which contributed more to their expenses in the conditions of war, unrest and drought.

Research has shown that anxiety is one of the major emotional disturbances of divorce; Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the regulation of emotion and anxiety in divorced women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study was all divorced women under the auspices of Azadshahr city relief committee in 1401. By available sampling method, 30 people who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). ) Were located. The research instruments were Granfsky and Craig (2006) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (1998). The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 60 minutes of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS-24 software. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in regulating the emotion and anxiety of divorced women (P <0.05). Cognitive-behavioral therapy seems to be effective in increasing emotional regulation skills and reducing anxiety in divorced women.

Quality of life includes different dimensions of physical, mental and social health and comfort of people's lives and is affected by various factors. For this reason, this research was conducted with the aim of predicting emotional intelligence based on the quality of life of married people with the mediation of self-confidence in married women.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research included all married women living in Semnan who had referred to counseling centers. The sampling method was purposeful and based on entry and exit criteria, 384 people were selected based on Morgan's table. The data collection tools include Petrides and Farnham's standard emotional intelligence questionnaires, World Health Organization's quality of life, and Cooper Smith's standard self-confidence questionnaire. Data analysis was done using ANOVA and regression tests. Also, SPSS software, version 26 was used at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of the research showed that among the variable dimensions of self-confidence, the educational and occupational scale ranked first with 41.2%, the social scale ranked second with 34.4%, the family scale ranked third with 23.1% and the general scale. With 19.15%, they are in the fourth place and the lie scale with negative 18.9%, affecting the quality of life of married women. Therefore, the role of self-confidence dimensions is significant (p<0.05). The results of examining the effect of emotional intelligence on self-confidence in married women in the research model were 21.9%. Also, the beta value of the relationship between married people's quality of life and emotional intelligence was found to be 0.469 in the first model and 0.539 in the second model, and the moderating variable of self-confidence has an increasing role, and its value is 0.274, and the moderating role of confidence is breath was statistically significant (p<0.05).

According to the results, clients can be informed about how low self-confidence can add to their psychological problems and how they can overcome their psychological problems with emotional intelligence to increase their quality of life during marriage.

Due to the development of nanotechnology and its expansion in industries such as textiles, agriculture, etc., and considering that nanotechnology increases the speed of reactions and reduces the consumption of chemicals and improves environmental conditions, so in this study nano urea synthesis methods in polyester substrate and preparation methods and properties created in this textile were used as other textiles and geotextiles. In this study, in order to synthesize nano-urea, we first ground samples of urea with the help of a mill and impregnated it on a polyester textile bed. The results show that increasing the concentration and grinding time is effective in the solution removal Increasing the concentration of the solution and increasing the grinding time of the samples have a positive effect on the urea uptake by the product and there is a significant difference between the samples and the dimensional parameters are done using the mill and examined at different times. Prepared with concentrations of 1500-500 ppm and applied it under different conditions on non-woven polyester fabric by pad-dry-cure method and dried at room temperature. Finally, additional FTIR-UV-AA tests and flexural strength tests were performed on the samples. UV and AA tests also show that by reducing the size and concentration of urea, the amount of urea absorbed by the fabric increases and as an agar textile causes urea to remain in the soil longer and tolerate the time of uptake by the plant. Bending of the sample, increasing the concentration in the samples indicates that the thickness of the synthesized urea has increased and due to the amorphous structure of the film, it has increased the flexibility, which is different in the length and width of the fabric, which indicates structural changes. The fabric is nonwoven. The results of FT-IR test of the samples show that the functional groups of the polyester spectrum are somewhat displaced in the presence of urea. Which indicates the binding of NH2 urea groups with polyester fiber, which indicates the reaction between them, and the strength test shows that to the point of rupture and elongation, it was found that increasing the concentration of urea in the process greatly increases the elasticity. And increases the length to the point of rupture to the extent that it shows an improvement of 6-8%, but reduces the tensile strength due to the formation of a fiber bond Conclusion Non-woven polyester textile sample with nano urea synthesis by comparing the absorption wavelength of urea in different concentrations on the non-woven polyester substrate indicates that it leads to a change in the absorption wavelength and urea is placed in the fiber bed and decreases the concentration. The wavelength is closer to the nano range and due to the amorphous structure of the film, it has increased the flexibility, which is different in the length and width of the fabric, which is a sign of structural changes in the nonwovens.

The existence of illusions in perceptual perceptions have many philosophical challenges; so, it is important to study the views and solutions of Muslim philosophers in this issue. The information in this article has been collected using a library method and analyzed by using a rational method in such a way that firstly, the quiddity of sensual knowledge and the process of its emergence in the field of body and soul are discussed, then the challenges arising from the issue of perceptual illusion have been explained, and then the way Muslim sages face the issue of perceptual illusion and its challenges are discussed. It has been concluded by analyzing the views of Muslim sages that the issues of the sages’ confrontation regarding perceptual illusion are: 1- Non-attribution of perceptual perception to mistake (Arabic: خطا, khaṭā) and correctness (Arabic: صواب, ṣawāb, right) 2- The effect of the faculty of estimation and estimated on perceptual illusion 3- Discovery and correction of perceptual illusion through intellectual faculty. It is clear according to the author by analyzing and separating the epistemological and ontological aspects of perceptual perceptions that perceptual perceptions can be true and false in the true sense and their epistemological validity is based on thought and reasoning; hence perceptual perceptions and sensible propositions are removed from the axioms and certainties.

Physical inactivity and high-calorie diets have caused obesity and related metabolic diseases, therefore; The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity induction along with endurance training and diet change on weight changes and lipid profiles of male Wistar rats.

The research method was laboratory type. The research subjects included 25 Wistar rats with an age range of 8 to 12 weeks, which were divided into 5 control and experimental groups by targeted selective sampling according to weight and age conditions. In the first stage, 4 days after the weaning period, the food program was started to fatten the rats. A 5-band treadmill was used for endurance training. The training program of the subjects was 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks at a speed of 8 meters per minute. Dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the average weight of the obese group + standard diet + aerobics (p = 0.135) and the obese group + standard diet (p = 0.06). Also, there is no significant difference between HDL averages in any of the groups, but there is a significant difference between LDL averages in the control group and other groups (p<0.001).

It seems that endurance exercise has an effect on weight control when a low-fat diet is included.

The experience of independent living, changing lifestyle, quick consequences and dormitory life are among the challenges of students, which can have negative effects on the level of sleep and quality of life of students. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of 12 weeks of aerobic exercises on the level of sleep quality and quality of life indicators of students.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method is semi-experimental. The statistical population of the research was made up of female students of Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, who were selected purposefully and based on the entry and exit criteria of 27 people. The PSQI questionnaire was used to measure sleep quality and the SF-36 questionnaire was used to measure the subjects' quality of life. The special exercise protocol of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) was used for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Dependent and independent t-tests were used for data analysis and for statistical calculations using SPSS version 25 software.

The results showed that the exercise protocol had a significant effect on the quality of sleep and quality of life and their components (P<0.05).

It seems that the desired exercise protocol can be used as a suitable strategy and approach to improve the quality of sleep and quality of life in students, however, considering that the number of subjects. More research should be done in order to increase the external credibility of research.

The sedentary and mechanical lifestyle and on the other hand, many problems that have arisen during the covid-19 pandemic have affected the indicators of the quality of life and isolation and social support of the elderly. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of comparing the quality of life, support and social isolation of active and inactive elderly people during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The descriptive research method was of comparative causal type. The statistical population of the research is the elderly over 60 years old in Lahijan city in 1401, where 213 people were selected by referring to parks, swimming pools, clubs and nursing homes. The data collection tools included the demographic profile form and quality of life questionnaires of Lipad (1998), social support by Zammit et al. (1988) and social isolation by Madrasi et al. (2016). Data were analyzed using Kolmogov Smirnov, Levin, variance and covariance tests with SPSS software version 25.

The results showed that there is a significant difference (0.001) between the quality of life, isolation and social support of active and inactive elderly with emphasis on the period of covid-19 (P≤0.001).

It seems that physical activity and participation in sports activities, due to being in public places, is an important variable in reducing social isolation and increasing social support, and taking into account that it can improve the quality of life of the elderly from a physical point of view. And raise the mouth.

The main question of this research is: "What is Ibn Sina's and Allameh Tabatabayi's report on Siddiquin's argument and what are their commonalities and differences with each other?" The purpose of examining this issue is to gain a deeper awareness of the position and value of one of the most important proofs of God in Islamic philosophy. In this article, using the analytical-rational method, an attempt has been made to present a report of Avicenna's speech from Burhan (Argument) Siddiqin by examining his works. Then Allameh Tabatabayi's speech about this argument is presented. By comparing these two speeches, their commonalities and differences are discussed, and at the end, the findings of the research are presented in the form of conclusions. Based on the results obtained from this research, there are three aspects in common between the above two speeches: “demonstration through the cause” (being Lemmi) of both speeches, the absence of the need for both speeches to negate logical turn and sequence, and proving the attributes of Wajib al-Wujud in addition to proving his existence. On the other hand, there are four differences between the two mentioned speeches: in Ibn Sina's speech, the principle of existence is used, while in Allameh Tabatabayi's speech, the principle of reality is used; Ibn Sina's speech is only capable of proving the inherent necessity of wajib al-wujud, but Allameh Tabatabayi's speech also proves the eternal necessity of inherent wajib-ul-wujud. Ibn Sina has used many preliminaries in his speech, but Allameh Tabatabayi has proved the ideal by using the fewest preliminaries in his speech.

The main question of this paper is what Allamah Tabatabaii -particularly in his al-Mizan- says on sociology of religion. Having adopted an analytical-deductive method in his effort, the author has first tried to introduce religion from its early source i.e. from the divine will of law to its development in social life, and then to study different facets of religion -came to the attention of sociologists- coming up with Allamah’s views particularly in the light of his al-Mizan. According to the findings, Allamah’s definition of religion is epistemological. He also holds that materialistic definitions of religion suggested by some scholars do not seem correct. Having regarded the origin of religion from the supernatural  world, Allamah Tabatabaii holds some functions in the area of social life; mention can be made to the “management of social life and treating deviations”.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of life skills training on emotion regulation strategies and sports self-efficacy of children / adolescent athletes. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all student-athletes in Rasht in the academic year 2009-2010, from which 30 people were selected by available sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). They answered the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnowski et al.2005) and the Sports Self-Efficacy Scale (Kerel et al. 2007). The participants in the experimental group received 8 sessions of life skills program. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that life skills training had an effect on emotion regulation strategies and sports self-efficacy of students in disadvantaged areas. They had more and less maladaptive emotion regulation. It seems that the use of life skills training increases athletic self-efficacy and adaptive emotion regulation, as well as decreases maladaptive emotion regulation in athlete students.

This study examines the role of philosophy in Islamic civilization. And the main question is, "What place has Islamic philosophy played in the advancement of Islamic civilization?" The author has studied the role of philosophy in Islamic civilization using the analytical-rational method. The result of the present research is: (1) Philosophy has several definitions and the basis of this research is based on the concept of philosophy as a rational method in order to study the general rules of existence; (2) One of the vital roles of philosophy in the development of civilization is to help create cultural identity for society; (3) Another vital role of philosophy in the field of civilization is to lay the groundwork for the construction of an intellectual system; (4) The third role of philosophy is to prepare the ground for the reform of social life by confronting intellectual perversions, such as nihilism, relativism, and skepticism; (5) The fourth fundamental role of philosophy in civilization is to satisfy man's innate need to know the facts; (6) The fifth basic function of philosophy in civilization is to help create a dialogue between different civilizations on the one hand and between different currents of thought within the framework of Islamic civilization. Yes, one thing remains here and that is that if Islamic philosophy seeks to have a greater impact on Islamic civilization, it must seek to influence in various areas of social, educational, political, etc. to meet the needs of the current Islamic society. .

Sleep is one of the important elements in circadian cycles that is associated with the restoration of physical and mental strength and has a great impact on quality of life. Sports activities are among the interfering factors in improving the quality of sleep and quality of life; Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of aerobic exercise on improving the mental quality of sleep and quality of life of the elderly.

This is a quasi-experimental study and the subjects of this study were 40 elderly people in 1399. For data analysis, a researcher-made demographic questionnaire was used and the standard questionnaires for measuring Petersburg quality of sleep (PSQI) and quality of life (SF-36) were used. An appropriate training protocol was used for the intervention and data were analyzed. Shapiro-Wilk, dependent parametric t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon tests were used and statistical calculations were used by SPSS software.

After aerobic exercise, the average score of sleep quality decreased from 8.1 to 6, ie 26% improvement in sleep quality and the average score of quality of life increased from 78.63 to 81.73, ie 4% improvement in quality of life was observed (p≤ 0.05).

It seems that the intervention has a significant effect on the studied variables and sports activities improve the level of sleep quality and quality of life of the elderly.

Darwin’s theory of the evolution of species is one of the significant ones in the explanation of man’s creation. It has always been under discussion and controversy by the thinkers in different fields. The influence of that theory in religion and religious beliefs is undeniable. It has gone far enough to justify atheism challenging religious beliefs. From among the intellectuals who tried to challenge religious doctrines as per the theory and its claims is Yuval Noah Harari. In his acceptance of the evolution theory, Harari mentions three consequences incompatible with the ongoing attitude about God, man and religious beliefs:That common ancestry between man and animal is a cause to disobey the commands of Lord Almighty;Lack of reasonable justification and explanation for the existence of spirit;Denial of free will and free outcomes.In their research through a comparative-analytic method, the authors aim to examine the consequences of the theory and Harari’s claims in the above three areas. Moreover,  he wants to demonstrate defects in Harari’s words?.

Adolescence is the most important period for the formation of healthy habits and behaviors, and in order to eliminate body image disorders, exercise can be used as a low-cost and low-complication solution, and in the meantime, a person's perception of self-efficacy and self-esteem. It can be effective. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the role of body image, self-efficacy and self-esteem in sports participation of female high school students in Lahijan.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 216 students from Lahijan city were selected. Data were collected from Gale (1983), Bodybuilding et al. (1990), Scherer et al. (1982) and Rosenberg (2006) self-efficacy questionnaires using SPSS and PLS software and with the help of tests. They were statistically analyzed.

The mean and standard deviation of the age of the research units is 17.19 17 8.4 years. The mean score of sports participation was 36.23 and body image was 3.42 at a good level, self-efficacy was 3.56 and self-esteem was 3.62 above the mean level. There was a statistically significant relationship between body image, self-efficacy and self-esteem with sports participation of female students. There was (p˂0 / 001).

Body image directly plays a positive and significant role in the level of sports participation of female students, and the role of self-efficacy and self-esteem simultaneously facilitate the relationship between body image and sports participation in a positive and significant way.

The global prevalence of COVID-19 has affected mental health and has had many psychological consequences especially for athletes; Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict the mental health based on the Mindfulness, Age and Sex Scale in Athletes in Guilan Province at the Outbreak of COVID-19.

 The research method is descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of elite athletes of Guilan province in 1400. Sampling method was determined randomly and based on entry and exit criteria by referring to sports clubs and physical education offices of 95 people. The research tools were the mindset of Brown and Ryan MMAS in 2007 and the SCL-90-R questionnaire of Dragotis et al. In 1999. Descriptive statistics and dispersion indices as well as descriptive statistics and correlational statistical tests such as Pearson and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. SPSS software version 25 with a significance level of 0.05 was used.

The results showed that there is a relationship between mindfulness scale and mental health in male and female athletes in Guilan province according to age (P≥0.001). Also, the variable of mindfulness predicts mental health according to gender in athletes in Guilan province (P≥0.001).

It seems that mindfulness can be a predictor of mental health in men and women athletes.

This study was conducted with the objective of analyzing genotype × environment (GE) interaction on grain yield of 20 bread wheat promising lines. The experiment carried out using randomized complete blocks design with three replications in eight experimental stations in temperate regions of Iran in two cropping seasons (2015-2017). To assess the yield stability and adaptability of genotypes non-parametric ranking statistic and some univariate stability statistics as well as GGE biplot method were used. Combined analysis of variance revealed that genotype × year × location and year × location interaction effects on grain yield were significant. Mean comparison showed that promising lines; G16, G12, G10 and G15 had the highest grain yield, respectively. Nonparametric ranking analysis showed that genotypes; G4, G12, G14, G15 and G16 with the lowest ranks and standard deviation of ranks had the highest yield stability. The GGE biplot analysis differentiated environments into three sub-environmental groups with top-yielding genotypes. Using GGE biplot showed that genotypes; G2, G3, G13, G14, G18, G4 and G1 had higher grain yield stability, respectively. Based on non-parametric ranking statistic and GGE biplot, genotype G14 was identified as genotype with highest yield stability. According to the results of this tsudy genotypes G14: KAUZ/LUCO-M//PVN/STAR/3/Yaco/2*Parus/4/Pishtaz (Amin), G15: FRNCLN/ROLF07 (Farin), and G16: MUU/KBIRD had high grain yield potential and stability performance and have been recommended for release as new cultivars for the temperate agro-climatic zone of Iran.

Aim and Background:

Aging is associated with changes in physical, motor and mental functions and can affect people's lifestyles; therefore, the aim of this study was the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on stress and balance in older men.

Methods and Materials:

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population includes men aged 60 to 70 years who referred to rehabilitation and psychology centers in Shahrud in 2020. Purposeful sampling method and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, 24 qualified people were randomly identified and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 12 people. Finally, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, the number of subjects was reduced to 21 people, including the cognitive-behavioral therapy group based on mindfulness 11 people and the control group 10 people. Research instruments included Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Cohen et al. (1983) Perceived Stress. In this study, SPSS statistical software version 25 was used to analyze the data as well as One-way analysis of covariance.

The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy had a significant effect on balance and stress in older men (P≤0.001).

It seems that mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral interventions affect research variables. However, in order to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested that more research be done.
 

The main question of this research is: “What are the similarities and dissimilarities of Allamah Tabatabaii and Kant’s points of view on the tie between democracy and peace?” The method adopted for the study of their political thought is rational-analytic. The research deals with the idea that both thinkers do not believe in the necessary tie between democracy and perpetual peace. According to the findings, their views on the issue are similar: their use of rational-analytic method, their systematic and comprehensive attitude to the issue, that man’s course of life is evolutionary and aims to promote peace, that the system of world is regulated, and the analysis of man’s behavior as per employment. Their dissimilar views are: that Kant is idealist but Allamah is realist, that Kant sides with opposition but Allamah with compatibility, that Kant is humanist but Allamah is theocentric, that Kant deals with positive laws but Allamah with divine laws, and that peace for Kant is the final aim but for Allamah is an intermediate aim.