hojat sadeghi

The tourism industry with a multidimensional nature, in addition to meeting the needs of tourists, causes major changes in the host community system. Therefore, the government is trying to provide the opportunity to benefit from the positive aspects of this industry by providing and valuing tourist attractions in areas with potential.Order and security are the main prerequisites for the development of tourism. In this context, ecological analysis of order and security can provide a general framework based on the capabilities and limitations available for rural tourism planning. Ecological analysis of order and security is one of the best practices and frameworks for better understanding of areas and planning for order and security in tourism; Because ecology is formed from the combination of natural and human factors, and if a plan is based on different canons, many of the problems in the field of order and security are also addressed.The purpose of this research is ecological analysis of order and security in rural tourism in Isfahan province.

The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and based on field data. The data of this study are qualitative and collected through interviews. The method of data analysis is qualitative content analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts related to tourism and rural development, which was 15 people according to the theoretical saturation stage and repetitive results. In fact, the snowball method was used to select the sample and due to the fact that the results of the interviews were close to each other and reached the repetition stage, so it was not necessary to continue interviewing more people. After collecting the interviews, coding and data analysis began. In order to analyze the data, the data were coded according to the collected findings. Then they were organized and the final results were obtained.

According to the ecological framework, which is based on natural and human factors and the relationship between the two, the study area was divided into three classes. Mountainous area, dry plain and arid-desert. The analysis of various experts on order and security in rural tourism in the mountainous region is included in 11 cases. In interviews with experts, these 11 factors in the field of order and security and its maintenance in the direction of rural development and ultimately rural tourism is considered effective, which is the reason for not using new methods in irrigation to reduce water issues as the most important factor. Experts' analysis of order and security in rural tourism in the dry plain area has been summarized in 12 cases. Accordingly, one of the most important factors that play a role as a threat to order and security in the villages of this area is the lack of proper management methods in the field of water resources. The issue of water in the villages of the province is becoming a problem, and in some cases, it has led to many security issues, and on the other hand, it has overshadowed the order and security of many villages. According to them, the lack of employment and economic activity in the villages of the desert area is one of the most important factors.Qualitative content analysis is based on the opinions of 15 experts related to rural development and tourism issues. The results were presented in two sections: natural and human factors. According to experts, the natural factors influencing the management of order and security of rural tourism can be summarized in ten key concepts. One of the most important of these concepts is water management. Also, in terms of human factors influencing the order and security of rural tourism in Isfahan province, diversification of the rural economy is one of the first key concepts inferred from interviews with experts.

The results showed that water management, drought management, development of natural tourism attraction, strengthening of desert tourism are from the most influential natural factors and diversification into rural economies, population stabilization and reduction of migration, strengthening of facilities, improving access roads and reducing unemployment the most important human factors Influencing the order and security of rural tourism. The eastern part of the province, which is mostly plain and desert, has more restrictions on the order and security of rural tourism. The most important requirements of security and order in rural tourism can be mentioned to remove blind spots desert, the development of clean energy, division of the province to tourism areas, population stabilization, Local community participation, the management of water resources and etc.In general, considering the natural and human structures of Isfahan province and in more detail its rural settlements, the model of order and security in rural development and tourism is defined and framed accordingly. In fact, the management challenges of rural tourism order and security in the province are not only due to human issues, but are mostly rooted in natural issues and lack of proper management in this area. Geographical algebra of the environment can be the best description in this field and this issue can not be ignored in the province, especially in the east. Based on this concept and in line with it, the model of order and security in rural tourism should be defined. In fact, the management and model that is implemented in the villages of the mountainous area can not be applied in the desert area; Because, first of all, the type of crimes and security problems are different in these two areas. Secondly, its natural and human structures are very different. Based on the prevailing natural and human structures and according to different ecosystems, the pattern of order and security of rural tourism should be redefined.

Tourism development can always play an important role in the development of different regions. But the development of this industry requires the improvement of various indicators, including increasing the length of stay of tourists. In this regard, there are various factors, including the security of tourist areas. One of the important aspects of tourism security is the component of economic security. In this study, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of economic security index on the length of stay of tourists as a case study in Koohrang County. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied. The statistical population of the study is tourists, but there are no accurate statistics in this field. Due to cost, time and space constraints, 250 tourists were interviewed. Sampling was done randomly. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the elites and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's gradient equal to 0.79. Analyzes were performed in SPSS software. The result of one-sample t-test showed that the economic security index was significant at the level of less than 0.05. The study of the mean of variables shows that the absence of an unemployed local community with an average of 3.93 is recognized as the most important factor of economic security affecting the length of stay of tourists. Also, the factor of the status of local community products with the amount of 3.83 and then the appropriate access of tourists to the shopping center with an average of 3.78 are in the third place. The result of ANOVA test also confirmed that there was no significant difference between the studied tourist areas in terms of economic security index at the level of more than 0.05 (equal to 0.901) and all areas have the same conditions.

Villagers are always faced with a lot of problems selling their products. Especially in Iran, the continuation of this process has not only not improved at the current time, but with the widespread Social-Economical changes in the periphery system, situations can be described more inappropriate. One of these solutions is the creation of online storesto Supply various rural products. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze of the use of online storesto supply rural products. The research method is descriptive-analytical and quantitative-qualitative. The statistical population of the research is also experts, PhD students and university professors related to rural planning issues. Due to lack of accurate statistic on their number and research framework, 70 people were sampled in the qualitative section to do interviews and 200 persons were also surveyed in the quantitative section to complete the questionnaire. The results of this research indicate that the creation of Internet storeshas various effects to Supply of rural products, such as easy access, the development of market, Reducing the position of intermediaries, Increasing economic Efficiency, Strengthening rural and agricultural industries, Production competition, Internationalization and branding of products and the creation of Job.It also shows the effect of creating stores on product supply through structural equation modeling that The value of the total effect was 0.69.This means that creating online stores will be effective in supplying rural products and it is a desirable solution.

Sound development is only possible when equal opportunities are provided for all the communities within the developing territory. Small communities of dispersed rural settlements are no exceptions to this rule. However, human development indices in scattered small villages usually are usually very low.Therfore, in order to allocate proper funding and development resolutions, the study of economic and social situation in these settlements is of utmost importance. In this paper, thedistrict of Shusf in Nehbandan county, near the eastern borders of Iran with Afghanistan, has been studied. Shusf is comprised of small distant settlements with unfavorable social and economic conditions.The aims of this study were to reveal the social, economic obstacles to the Settlement Integration Program from the point of view of the inhabitants in these rural areas. The method chosen for this applied research is descriptive and analytical in consecutive steps. The study population consisted of 117 households, and sample size of 80 households. The one-sample t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze statistical data and to determine the significant levels among the variables. Results showed that the social – cultural factors within these settlements have a 1.901 score and economic factors have a 1.2 score. The mean point of infrastructural conditions in these settlements obtained 1.59 which indicates a serious weakness. Therefore it can be concluded that the social - cultural conditions of these small scattered settlements are unfavourable. Thus, some of the obstacles facing the Settlement Integration Program are the risk of losing the scarce yet existing livelihood choices and economic capacities of present setting, plus their general unwillingness to abandon their present familiar locale.

Calcium hydroxide is used as an intracanal medicament in endodontics. Its therapeutic effects depend on the dissociation of calcium hydroxide into calcium and hydroxide ions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pH and calcium ion concentration of three different calcium hydroxide pastes, after 24 hours and 1 week for each vehicle, on the external root surface. In this experimental study, the crowns of 72 human single-rooted teeth were removed, the canals were prepared and external defects were created on the root surfaces. All the surfaces except the external defects were sealed and the teeth were immersed in normal saline solution. The samples were divided into 6 experimental and 2 control groups. Experimental groups were dressed with calcium hydroxide in combination with: A and B: 0.2% chlorhexidine solution, B and C: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution, E and F: distilled water. Calcium ion concentrations and pH of normal saline solution were determined after 24 hours in groups A, C and E, and after one week in groups B, D and F. One-way and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis with SPSS software program (α=0.05). In relation to pH, after 1 week there was a significant difference between groups B and D (p value = 0.013); the effect of time was significant in all the groups except for groups D and C (p value < 0.05). Calcium ion concentration at 24-hour and 1-week intervals was significant for each vehicle (p value < 0.001) but it was not significant between different groups (p value > 0.05). As an intracanal medication, the combination of 0.2% chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide exhibited significantly higher pH values compared to the combination of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide after one week. Calcium ion concentration increased after 1 week in all the groups; however, there were no significant differences in each group between the two time intervals.

Medicinal smoke has been in natural health products by many nations all over the worlds. Dung''s smoke called «Anbar Nasara» is one of the most used medicinal smokes in Iranian traditional medicine. Anber Nasara has been administered as inhalation in the treatment of viral or bacterial infections as well as for tumors and cysts in vaginal diseases in women. Its cytotoxic effects have been proposed in these studies. Dung''s of female donkey have been collected from Shahreza، Isfahan province in summer 2011. The samples were burned in a specially designed apparatus and its smoke was collected in n-hexane solvent over ice-cold water. Solvent was evaporated in the air and dried residue was dissolved in DMSO and diluted in RPMI So that the final concentrations of 0. 4، 0. 3، 0. 25، 0. 2، 0. 125، 0. 1، 0. 0625، 0. 0312 mg/ml were obtained for MTT assay as a cytotoxic evaluation method against two cancer cells (KB and Hela) and a normal one (L929). After 48h incubation percent cell survival and IC50 values were obtained using ELISA plate reader at 540nm. Results showed that dung''s smoke were cytotoxic in tested concentrations against cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 was calculated ≥ 0. 2 mg/ml. Dung''s smoke consists of too many constituents and its cytotoxic effect may belong to one or complexes of constituents. More researches are under way to clarify these aspects of the study.

The inappropriate space distribution of rural services causes many problems، including loss of adoptness، and unfair distribution of services according to the existing capacities. In this research، the studied region is “Dehdez” zone of “Izeh” province،”Khuzestan” state. The goal of the present paper is to prpvide an optimal and ideal location finding of rural services centers in Dehdez zone، Izeh province، in the from of a flat، using available place data such as height layers، gradient، communicative roads، population density،etc. To operate the research، we have utilized Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). (i. e. two by two comparison، based on criterias weighting in geographical information system). Eventually، an appropriate space paradigm for the studied region about the rural services centers was gained. The results showed that the selected flats had ideal situations، since 22 villages with an extent of around 168/39 km2، are considered as fally appropriate rural services centers. Other flats including appropriate class with an extent of 211/64 km2، having 23 villages، relatively appropriate class with an extent of 157/74 km2، having 20 villages، inappropriate class with anextent of 416/05km2، having 38 villages، and also the fully inappropriate class of the region with an extent of 463/42 km2، and also the presence of 31 villages in it are of different amounts of importance in location finding. It is proposed that planners have a special view on making a settlement site for under populated and far-off villages in the studied scope.

Reduced time and appropriate bond strength of brackets is one of the most important aspects of orthodontic treatments. Prolonged halogen light curing for bonding of brackets is undesirable, so the purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of brackets bonded with halogen light and plasma arc system.Materials and Mehods: This was an experimental in vitro study. A total of 60 intact premolar teeth were collected and divided into four groups. Stainless steel orthodontic brackets were bonded to them. In groups 1 and 2, curing was done using halogen light given for 20 seconds from two and four angles. In groups 3 and 4, curing was carried out using the plasma arc system for 6 seconds from two and four angles. The shear bond strength was recorded by Instron. The statistics of ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and T-test were used in data analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in shear bond strength among the four groups (P = 0.043) and between group 1 with group 2 (P = 0.035). Yet, there was no statistically significant difference between brackets bonded with plasma arc and those bonded with halogen light or between the two groups of plasma arc. Using the plasma arc system is superior to other methods due to reduced curing time. Also, since in using the halogen light system, an increase in curing periods from different angles resulted in a significant increase in shear bond strength; it is advisable to apply the halogen light from different angles.