hojjat mangenehchi

God’s relation to the world and its creatures has been a creative relationship, and He is agent and creator of possibility system. To explain how this activity is, popular theologians and philosophers have general disagreement over it. In the meantime, the other difference of opinion is seen too, that from one side we have philosophers’ views, and from the other side we face with some verses and traditions that show incompatibility; because contrary to the philosophers’ views that know God’s knowledge the only source of occurring action, in the Holy Quran sporadically, and in some traditions clearly have been regarded to this meaning that creating the creatures depends on passing steps and levels. The problem is that how can this multiplicity (if external) be compatible with rational principles manifesting special rank of God’s existence? In this writing we try to show that philosophical findings along with some religious teachings, eliminate this incompatibility.

Following the issue of Monotheism of Actions, there is an important question that is whether Divine foreknowledge and human free will are compatible or not? Ash’arites who believed in the incompatibility of foreknowledge and human free will, could not find a meaning for man’s agency in order not to understand the compulsion. They believed that Divine foreknowledge is absolutely the reason and cause of everything including the man’s actions. Among this the works of Fakhr Razi are more visible, that in this writing, one of his reasons has been studied. Next seven results have been narrated and studied. Some results in western and Islamic traditions are common. Finally considering the other two consequences, a solution was suggested and clarified.

Philosophy studies the properties of being in a rational way, this is referred to as rational ontology. Religion on the other hand, one can clearly see with a basic review of Qur'an and hadith that part of their discourse relates to being and the universe and as such this is referred to as religious ontology. We find that religion and philosophy share a common discourse (i.e. ontology), the question then arises, how did Islamic Philosophers deal with this aspect of religious thought? To answer this question, I tried to make a reciprocal relationship between philosophical and religious thought. In this paper, I will bring evidence of religious concepts that are discussed philosophically, and I'll show that except for «the state of judgment», more or less religious thoughts are used in philosophy. Philosophy studies the properties of being in a rational way, this is referred to as rational ontology. Religion on the other hand, one can clearly see with a basic review of Qur'an and hadith that part of their discourse relates to being and the universe and as such this is referred to as religious ontology.