فهرست مطالب hooshang sarvar

 Problem Statement: 

"The dynamics of a city as a living being" depends on vitality and hilarity. Creating and promoting vitality in an urban space requires that the characteristics of the space meet the needs of citizens as this can increase their continued presence and life qualities.

Urban parks as one of the important elements of public spaces play an important role in providing citizens' leisure times. The existence of vitality in these spaces causes attraction of more population and promotes social interactions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the vitality situation in Ata Coastal Park in Miandoab.

This research was done from the perspective of purpose in terms of nature and based on a descriptive-analytical method. The required data were collected using a documentary and field method.

Analysis of vitality indices in the coastal park of Miandoab indicated the average status of this park in terms of urban vitality indices. According to the findings of this study, the criteria of perceptual-sensory and social interactions played an important role in the vitality and happiness of the citizens of Miandoab in Ata Park. Such features caused formation of a significant and positive relationship between the visitors’ demographic characteristics and the park vitality. However, there was considerable dissatisfaction with the quantity and quality of recreational facilities, as well as the safety of sports facilities and the park space.

Today, buses are the most important means of public transportation in most citiesof our country, as well as in most developing countries. There is little investmentneeded to launch a bus; and it does not depend on a specific route compared to other mass transit systems. It can be developed and changed. It also has a lower level of urban space compared to other vehicles; it is a priority in terms of cost savings and urban bus traffic reduction for many vehicles. In this study, in order to evaluate the satisfaction of Maragheh citizens from the interurban bus system, 200 people were selected as sample in each region of the city. Data were analyzed by SPSS and Minitab software and data output through the test T single-sample and ANOVA tests, and these results were achieved; most users of urban buses are women, educated people, and people with an income of less than one million. In the first hypothesis, the data output was calculated through a single-sample Ttest, it was found that there are some satisfactions in such cases as: bus timing, time saving, security for women, reduced traffic, reduced pollution, etc. However, there is not enough satisfaction in such cases as: drivers' behavior, ticket costs, and the number of stations. In the second hypothesis, using ANOVA, it was found that there is a difference between the different regions of the city in terms of satisfaction with the intercity bus system.

Infraction means any violation of laws, rules and urban development and building regulations. In spite of penalties considered in article 100 of Iran's municipal laws for such infractions, with the boom in construction and prevalence of sale of density in cities, building infractions has increased. So, due to large number of building infractions which occur in the cities of our country and damages resulted from these infractions on cities body, it is necessary to study this problem and its causes and motivations. Hence, the aim of the current study is consideration of building infractions conditions over urban regions in Shiraz and its causes and motivations. The method of research is descriptive- analytical and causal which is performed using library- documental and field study. The number and type of building infractions was extracted from the files of the secretariat of the commission on article 100. Results show that in regions where there is boom in land market and housing (region 1 and 6), because of profit resulted from infractions for owners, private builders and municipality; surplus density and land use change infractions has been high. On the other hand, in the regions where economic-social situation is not suitable and profit resulted from infractions is equal to or lower than municipality punishment, infraction is low. Instead, the violations related to illegal construction, excessive advance and removal of parking can be seen in these regions (region 7, 9, 10 and 11). Therefore, precise monitoring of municipalities on constructions, raising citizen's awareness and paying more attention to poor strata in urban policy making can be useful in the reduction of building infractions.

One important physical elements in Iran - Islamic markets that has enjoyed a long history and has played an important role in economic and social structure of cities. In urban geography of Iran the city and have a deep bond market. This previous element so far in addition to functions and to finance much of the goods and services needed the people is important for social interaction and the crowd is always open during the day. Over time, the market to meet the needs of the physical transformation and have experienced a lot of space. In many of the ancient cities of Iran including Tabriz bazaar in a renovated schemes have been many changes this study aimed to evaluate the dynamism and vitality in the historic market the city of Tabriz was done. In terms of nature of the descriptive analytical research and data collection method was a combination of documentary-library and field studies (questionnaire). Minitab software to analyze data and information, VazmvnHay Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic, t-sample and is used KhyDv. The results show that 90 percent of people referring to the market, to questions raised in connection with the components of the dynamism and vitality of the market responded positivel, And belief in the vitality and dynamism of the city of Tabriz historic bazaar on bed their time. the position can be relative spatial developments organic market of Tabriz the considered.

In the era of globalization of economy, metropolises play an important role in countries development, especially in developing countries.Today, metropolises by entering into the global cities network have access to the world-wide capital markets, advanced technologies, tourism and trade and thereby the background of economic and social dynamic is provided. The Aim of this research is to prove this theory that the planning and efforts of urban managers particularly metropolises for connecting to the global cities network was a step in the development of cities. Due to the benefits of this network, including the flow of foreign capitals, production technologies and facilitating the exchange and export of manufactured and produced goods in to the world markets, major parts of the present problems and challenges can be solved. In this regard, this research has considered the relationship between the rank of the global city and the rate of their stability. In order to study this relationship, the results of Taylor and his colleagues study about determining and ranking the global cities have been used. Firstly 16 cities among the world cities of the both groups of developing countries and developed countries as well as Tehran metropolis was selected and then the status of economical, social, environmental and physical indicators of these cities were extracted and was ranked using TOPSIS model. At the final stage the rank of their sustainability was compared with the rank of their global city. The results show that the cities with high ranking and position among in the ranking of global cities equally have higher stability. Meanwhile Tehran metropolis also had the least privilege and evidence of globalization in the rankings of Taylor, has the less rank of stability. Also, the results of correlation test between globalization variable and sustainability is a positive significant coefficient 0.54 which implies a positive and significant relation between globalization of city and urban sustainable development.

The need to utilize all the abilities and capacities of a city reveals, more than ever, byrapid growth of urban population, invasion of migrants to big cities,the necessity of meeting urban population’s needs and providing urban services. Sustainable development and growth of a city can be achieved by filling city’sexist space, balancedincrease indensity and repurposingof old and pollutant buildings instead of horizontal development and excessive growth of city. The solution for this problem is “Infill Development”which hasconsidered in European countries since 1995. Infill development (Development from inside) is not simply a physical-skeletal work but hasalso strong social, cultural, economic, and ecological aspects.Booming the commercial market,Banehfromthe 80sonwards, has experienced a verysignificant horizontaldevelopment which make it requiring to development from inside more than ever.This research is an applied research,and in terms of methodis adescriptive-analyticone. In this study,best areas of the cityare selected after identifying the “Infill Development” indicatorsand make them localize –based onesaccording to the Baneh’scircumstances- and after producing GIS layers related to the indicators and overlapping layers by using Boolin Logic.Using theAnalytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) andwith the help ofExpert Choice Software, ranking of final areas for development has been done.Therefore, confirmingthe applicability of theprinciples of Infill Developmentin Baneh is possible. And regarding the population increasing growth in Baneh, we can argue that the best way for managing urban development is Infill Development

Globalization of the economy has caused the development of industries and advanced services in active metropolises in the world cities network. The increase of occupation, advanced services sector rather than industrial activities, centralization and replacement of these activities in central and low population density regions and along with it transfer of heavy industries to surrounding regions are the most important spatial consequences of globalization of the economy process in metropolises. This study -based on this assumption- investigates the type of service activities and the method of their site selection in 22 regions of Tehran metropolis during a period of 8 years using workshop census (1381-1373). The results show that 20 percent or one-fifth of the workshops established in Tehran in this period is advanced services and 80 percent is activities of industrial sector. On the other hand during this 8 years, the site selection of more than 50 percent of advanced services workshops are just in four regions including 6,7,11 and 12 and there is a gradual tendency towards site selection in low density northern regions, namely 1 and 5 because of suitable access to advanced services and facilities in these regions. Therefore, as for continuation of industrial era activities attraction and low tendency to advanced services activities, prevailing spatial economy in Tehran metropolis has been industrial economy.

Urban management as a local institute is responsible for the supervision and controlling over physical changes of the cities. In connection with this, the subject which is managed is the space and the set of the activities that take place in it. Playing this role requires appropriate levels of political-managerial decentralization and sufficient authority for policy making, decision making, planning and performance at local level. According to this view the present research has analyzed the urban management structure in Iran. The components of this research include political-managerial decentralization styles, elements involved in urban management based on the source of power, domain of tasks and finally the spatial domain of urban management. Results of the study showed that concentration in managerial structure of the country has led to a constraint on urban management authority in urban issues. In this relation, investigating the urban management structure in Iran represents the domination of the governmental elements in policy makings, planning and spatial management of cities and the weakness of the inherent position of the municipalities and the city council in the process of urban management. The results of investigation about the official duties of urban management elements and their spatial domain indicated disharmony and fragmentations in urban management structure. These sparsities have been discussed in the field of guidance and control of physical-spatial changes of the cities in administrative, political, territorial and policy areas.