hoseinabadi

Abortion is one of the most important economic issues in sheep flocks. Chlamydophila abortus is an agent of enzootic abortions in sheep. Mycoplasma agalactiae is the main etiological agent of contagious agalactia, which can cause abortion in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of M. agalactiae and C. abortus among aborted ovine fetuses in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. Sheep owners were asked to transfer their aborted fetuses to a nearby veterinary clinic; furthermore, they were taught biosecurity principles. A total of 78 aborted sheep fetuses were collected from all over Sistan region in the autumn of 2015 and winter of 2016. The samples were then transferred in ice to the Anatomy Laboratory of the Veterinary Faculty of Zabol University, Zabol, Iran. The spleen and abomasum contents of the fetuses were sampled under sterile and safe conditions. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect M. agalactiae and C. abortus. The results showed that 24 (30.8%) cases were infected with M. agalactiae. However, infection with C. abortus was not detected in any fetuses. There was no statistically significant relationship between such independent variables as the location of livestock, history of abortion, fetal gender and age, age and parity of ewe, and fetal infection with M. agalactiae. The high incidence of Mycoplasma contamination in this study may be due to inappropriate biosecurity measures and lack of vaccination against agalactia in sheep herds in Sistan region.

Acid-base disturbances are common in critically ill patients, and contribute to morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the prevalence of acid-base disturbances in cases with acute poisoning admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). In this cross-sectional study, patients with acute poisoning hospitalized in ICU of a university hospital affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, from March 2016 to December 2017 were included. The acid-base status of the patients on admission time in emergency room, and its association with demographic factors, as well as clinical manifestations and outcome was recorded. Outcome was defined as survived without complication and complication/death. The majority of patients had acid-base disorder (89.7%). Most patients had metabolic acidosis (31.3%) on admission time, and most of them were men (71.6%) (P = 0.01). 48 patients (22.4%) were alert, of whom, 93.8% had an acid-base disorder. 60 patients (28.03%) were admitted with stupor and coma, of whom, 89.1% had acid-base disorder. There was a significant relationship between acid-base state with gender and level of consciousness at the time of admission (P < 0.05). There was also a significant correlation between treatment outcome with age, toxic agents, and abnormal electrocardiography (ECG). Among different evaluated variables, age was the determinant factor in outcome prediction (P = 0.01; odds ratio (OR) = 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.004-1.04). Acid-base disorders are common in patients with acute poisoning. The level of consciousness on admission and gender are important associated factors. The status of acid-base on the admission is not the only factor affecting outcomes and prognosis, and should be assessed along with other factors.

  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causes of hospital infections. MRSA is resistant to all beta-lactams due to the presence of the mecA gene. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the methicillin resistance gene of Staphylococcus aureus by PCR technique, before and after open heart surgery in Day and Shariati hospital. After collecting samples, various biochemical and microbiological tests were performed and then antibiotic susceptibility test using disc diffusion method based on CLSI instructions with antibiotics from different groups. It were used turned out to determine the resistance gene, PCR and Qpcr. The results showed that the prevalence of mecA gene in clinical samples was 30% and there was a significant difference in the frequency of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in two hospitals of Day and Shariati. Among the antibiotics, the resistance before the operation of the open heart surgery was 95% for the oxacillin antibiotic and the antibiotic resistance after the surgery was higher than that for oxacillin 100%, erythromycin and, Ceftazidime 97%, which was tested more than the other antibiotics. Because of the importance of Staphylococcus aureus as the most important pathogenic pathogen and considering the significant reduction of MRSA isolation after open heart surgery in the private hospital of Day in comparison with Shariati Hospital, It can be concluded that it is likely that the environmental conditions and the principles of sterilization in private hospitals are much better than government hospitals

Screening is a method for differentiating abnormality from normal population. In different studies of school age children, there are different cases of hearing loss and middle ear abnormalities. Considering the effects of hearing loss and middle ear abnormality in children, this study has evaluated several methods of hearing screening
A total of 1160 (n=2320 ears) 7 to 11 years old children screened in school with case history, otoscopy and audiometry. Also, 269 individuals (538 ears) were assessed with tympanometry.
The mean and standard deviation of age were 8.69 and 1.26, respectively. The results of case history and audiometry were normal in 99% of all subjects, however, there were more abnormal findings (5 to 10%) in otoscopy and tympanometry. This result shows a high ratio of middle ear abnormality in school age children.
This study showed low amount of hearing loss in school age children because of infant hearing screening and school entry screening program. However, there were higher amount of middle ear abnormality. Using the otoscopy and tympanometry for detecting these abnormalities is suggested.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as effective therapeutic cells in transplantation due to their immunomodulatory activities. However, precise mechanism of MSCs immunomodulatory activity is not completely understood.
To study the role of Immunoglobulin-like transcripts-3 (ILT3) immunomodulatory receptor in immune tolerance induced by MSCs in skin transplantation model and induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol-DCs) by MSCs through up-regulation of ILT3.
C57BL/6 skin grafts were transplanted to the back of BALB/c mice. Recipient mice received MSCs on days 0, 1 and 2 post transplantation. On days 2, 5 and 10 post skin transplantation, ILT3 and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression in the spleens of MSCs treated mice were evaluated. Furthermore, MSCs and DCs were co-cultured in cell culture plates and transwell systems. Then, the expressions of ILT3 mRNA and protein in MSC-treated DCs were evaluated. Additionally, MSC-treated DCs were co-cultured with allogeneic T-cells and FOXP3 expression in T-cells was evaluated.
The expression of ILT3 and FOXP3 were higher in the splenocytes of MSCs-treated mice early post-transplantation. Furthermore, we observed that MSC-treated DCs can increase FOXP3 expression in T-cells. But, we could not find any differences in ILT3 expression between MSC-treated DCs and untreated ones.
One of the mechanisms underlying MSCs immunomodulatory function could be up-regulating ILT3 expression in splenocytes. But our results did not support the hypothesis that MSCs induce Tolergenic DCs by up-regulation of ILT3.

The samples wear tempered at 520-720 °C for 3-10 h and air cooling to investigate the effect of tempering treatment on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of13%Cr SuperMartensitic Stainless Steel. After heat treatment, hardness and tensile strength tests were performed for investigation of mechanical properties. Moreover, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed for investigation of microstructure observations. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out to measure of austenite retained in the samples. The results indicated that the optimization of mechanical properties were achieved by austenitizing treatment at 1050 °C for 1 h and water quenching and then tempering treatment at 600 °C for 3 h with air cooling.The results indicated that the optimization of mechanical properties were achieved by austenitizing treatment at 1050 °C for 1 h and water quenching and then tempering treatment at 600 °C for 3 h with air cooling.The results indicated that the optimization of mechanical properties were achieved by austenitizing treatment at 1050 °C for 1 h and water quenching and then tempering treatment at 600 °C for 3 h with air cooling.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) potentials make them appropriate for cell therapy including ability of differentiation and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors secreta. For treatment of azoospermia to induce proliferation and differentiation of germ cells, MSCs transplantation has been introduced. The aim of the present experimental case-control study was to histomorphometric evaluation of the germinal cells in seminiferous tubules of azoospermic rats before and after BM-MSCs allotransplantation.
In the present study, BM-MSCs were isolated from six male rats and confirmed. Their testes also served as intact negative controls. The recipient rats (n=6) were received two doses of 10 mg/kg of busulfan with 21 days interval to induce azoospermia. After cessation of spermatogenesis, the rats were allotransplanted with the BM-MSCs into efferent duct of right testes. Thirty-five days later, the right cell-treated testes were compared to left azoospermic ones.
Histomorphometric analyses showed that the seminiferous tubules treated with BM-MSCs had normal morphology in comparison with azoospermic testes, which were without germinal layer. In most BM-MSCs-treated seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis was observed.
The allotransplanted BM-MSCs could induce spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of azoospermic rats.

Thalassemia major is one of the most prevalence congenital diseases in the world. This disease is wide spread in Iran and created some problems for health-care system. The aim of this study was to determine of situation oral health among thalassemic patients of Qazvin city in 2013.
In this descriptive - analytic study, thalassemic patients were selected with census method (n=60). Data were collected with examination, and interview. Questionnaire was include demographic, clinical and paraclinical information. Patients were examined and followed up by a dentist. DMFT index was determined on the basis of the examinations. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was conducted. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistic tests with SPSS, version 16.
The majority of patients were female (%61.2) and had a history of blood transfusion (%67.3). The most of patients (%83.7) had no history of dental visit and most of them (%77.6) had no tooth brushing. The majority of patients had varying degrees of tooth decay. DMFT index was %57. The frequency of brushing and age had significantly effects on tooth decay (P Thalassemic patients have more problems in comparison other people. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures have increased their survival. . Thus health indicators include oral and dental hygiene should improve in these patients specially.

The whole member of treatment teamespecially nurses in terms of profession and ethicsare responsible for the spiritual care of patients.Spiritual intervention along with other nursing interventions is to stimulate the balance between body, mind and spirituality, which sometimes will order a comprehensive health.Identification of spiritual intelligence and itsinfluencing factors especially amongnursing students as health care providers are very important in the near future.Therefore,the aim of this study was todetermine the spiritual intelligence and its influencing factorsamong nursing students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in2015.
In this cross sectional study, 185 undergraduate students studying in the third to eighth semester were investigatedusing the census. Data were collected using Abdullah Zadeh’s spiritual intelligence Questionnaire and demographic form after questionnaire content validity and internal consistency reliability were verified(α = 0.87). Finally, data were analyzed usingSPSS 16.
Findings: Average score of spiritual intelligence in nursing students was 116/18±15/19, which showed the high levels of spiritual intelligence. Among demographic variables, only interested in nursing profession had a significant and positive relationship (P 0.05).
The high level of spiritual intelligence among nursing students is one of the strengths and desirable points for nursing care in this profession; on the other handinterested in nursing professionas an effective variable on spiritual intelligence can promote the level of nursing care amon nursing students as future nurses.

Security of tenure is one of the most important issues in informal settlements. The proponents of upgrading informal settlements suggest that one of needed policies for such as settlements is securing tenure. Their justification is that securing tenure (especially perceived security of tenure) and supporting residents against non-voluntary demolition and evacuation of housing is a major role in improving the quality of housing, settlement improvement and empowerment of individuals. Given the importance of this issue, this study tried to measure perceived security of tenure of residents`Ghale Nov Dehraz in Sabzevar and discussed its impact on housing quality and residents` empowerment. The general approach is descriptive-analytical in in this research, A combination of library and field methods has been used for data collection. Questionnaire have been used for collecting data in the field study, sample size is 93 people and the unit of analysis is the household.Analysis method of data is statistical test including T test value and Pearson correlation. The results show that the security against forced evictions is high, but the indicator of confidence about serving of municipal officials is low in the neighborhood. Totally security of tenure is more than average in the study area. In addition, the results indicate significant impact of perceived security of tenure on the quality of housing and two components of the five components of empowerment (self-determination and trust).

The unsafe behavior of drivers affects not only themselves, but other users of the transportation system. Pedestrians in particular face a significant hazard to their lives and safety as a result of driver carelessness, especially in relation to pedestrian crossing signs. Traffic signs are the main communication tools between drivers and roads in order to enhance safety. In this research, the important parameters have been reviewed with regards to compliance with and attention to those traffic signs titled "pedestrian crossing". There has also been an examination of the observation of the massage displayed on such signs. Database research is the method that was used to formulate the questionnaire, and there were 527 completed by drivers in the study. It was assumed that parameters such as age, gender, marital status, occupation and education are influencing factors in relation to drivers’ attention. The chi-square hypothesis test and data mining methods (CART algorithms) have been used in this research, and all the variables are confidence tested according to the hypothesis testing chisquare method and by carrying out model processing using the CART algorithm, whereby the test is that two variables are more critical more than the parameter in question. The key parameters have been determined to the driver’s profession and education level

French fries are a food product with an upward consumptuion trend in Iran. Because of high oil uptake during frying, French fries are an energy-dense food item, providing a very large number of calories to the body. Therefore, efforts to reduce the rate of oil uptake by this popular food item would contribute to the public’s health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of blanching and coating of potatoes with methyl cellulose and tragacanth on French-fries oil uptake and qualitative properties. Strips of potato (Agria variety) were prepared, blanched in water or a calcium chloride solution (0.5%), coated with a solution of methyl cellulose (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%), tragacanth (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%), methyl cellulose (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) and sorbitol (0.5%), or tragacanth (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) and sorbitol (0.5%) and deep-fried. Oil uptake, moisture content, and color of the French fries were measured and their sensory properties determined and compared with those of control samples. Blanching and hydrocolloid coatings of the samples brought about a decrease in oil uptake and increases in moisture content and texture tenderness of the potato strips (p<0.01). Blanching in calcium chloride alone reduced oil uptake by 8.61%. In comparison with the control samples, coating with methylcellulose (1.5%) with sorbitol (0.5%) decreased oil uptake from 19.85% to 16.29%. Blanching in calcium chloride resulted in a significant 5%increase in moisture content. The hydrocolloid coatings caused significant increases in moisture content and resistance to cutting of the samples (P<0.01), such that the highest moisture content (44.60%) was obsereved in the samples coated with methyl cellulose (1.5%). Tragacanth at aconcentartion of 1.5% with sorbitol at a concentartion of 0.5% brought about the highest resistance (211/13 Newton) to cutting. The findings also showed that hydrocolloid coatings resulted in significant incremets in the L * b *, a * factors of the French fries color as compared to the control samples. However, there were no significant differences among samples with regard to sensory characteristic. It can be concluded that methylcellulose is a more suitable coating than tragacanth for French fries. A coating containing 1.5% methyl cellulose is the best coating for potato strips due to less oil uptake, higher moisture content, and better texture and color. Coatings of methylcellulose and tragacanth plus sorbitol result in noticeabe differences in oil uptake and other qualitative properties. However, for economic reasons it is not essential to use sorbitol in coatings for potato strips.