hossein arab

Mushrooms have a large amount of biologically active compounds such as prebiotics. In the present study, we tested the effect of supplementing oyster mushroom powder in the diet on growth performance, survival, serum and mucus immune parameters and mucus protein pattern of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Therefore, 200 pieces of Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average weight of 9.15 ± 0.09 g were prepare and then, they were fed with oyster mushroom powder at four levels including 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g kg-1 diet by 3% of their body weight per day (three replications). At the end of the experiment, biometry was performed to measure the growth performance. Also, some serum and mucus immune parameters such as total immunoglobulin and lysozyme were investigated. The protein pattern of skin mucus was evaluated by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method. The results showed that the best growth performance and the highest levels of lysozyme and mucus immunoglobulin were significantly in the group fed with a diet containing 2 g oyster mushroom powder compared to the control group (P<0.05). The amount of lysozyme and total serum immunoglobulin was significantly higher in the treatments fed with 0.5 and 1 g of oyster mushroom powder, respectively, compared to the control group (P<0.05). The protein bands ranged from 11 to 100 kilo Daltons. The density of bands in the treatment of oyster mushroom powder was higher compared to the control group. In general, the results showed that the diet containing 2 g of oyster mushroom powder had more positive effects on growth performance, protein pattern and some immune parameters of mucus and serum of Nile tilapia fingerlings.

Media literacy is a topic that is concerned with the audience's power of understanding of the way in which media works and how they make sense thereof, and seeks to make this analysis a habit and a task for the audience. In this regard, present research provides a model for promotion of public relations with an emphasis on media literacy among managers and employees of Mazandaran Gas Company. In this paper, the data were sorted out through three stages after introduction of the concept media literacy using the qualitative method of grounded theory and holding 15 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the academics and experts of the field, and following a content analysis. Based on the findings, the model is made up of five components: 1. The elements promoting media literacy at three macro (i.e. formulation of educational rubrics, changing educational methods, culture building with media literacy potential, adopting a problem-oriented approach, creating a national Internet, coherence and consistency in policy making and planning, and media content monitoring), intermediate (i.e. group interaction with colleagues and management training), and micro (i.e. technological knowledge, cognitive knowledge, media knowledge, and content production); 2. Decisive factors (categories of macro, intermediate, and macro level factors); 3. Interfering factors (including government intervention, lack of legislation or regulations); 4. Strategies (including policy and planning strategies, educational strategies, and culture- and discourse building strategies; 5. Consequences (i.e. economic, social, cultural, political, technological, communication, environmental, and individualbehavioral consequences).

The purpose of this study is to design a model of optimal public relations performance of Mazandaran Gas Company, with emphasis on the media. The present paper, which is of qualitative type, was done using data theory. The statistical population of this study consisted of 24 elites and experts in the field of public relations of Mazandaran Gas Department, elites in the field of communications and media, as well as university professors, and their sampling was purposeful and based on snowball method. After 14 interviews, the research data reached the stage of theoretical saturation and were then analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. In these three stages, the main and sub-categories were identified, including causal conditions (information, strengthening public morals, reflection and analysis of problems, awareness and education), background conditions (documentation, modeling, knowledge management, human resources and program production), interventionist conditions (thinking, discourse-building, environmental monitoring, modernity, institutionalization, and meritocracy). Indicators of strategies including the concepts of needs assessment, targeted mission orientation and communication and indicators of consequences including the concepts of socialization, professionalization of public relations, generalization, proper interaction with society and people and development dynamics were identified. Finally, the authors have drawn a paradigm model.

Given the important of consumer behavior, to study, because I buy all the goods and services, and we can rely on our daily experience in the market, rely on to understand the concept and theories of this field, our purpose is to study consumer behavior it is measure of consumer satisfaction. According to consumer insight from the acquisition of consumption alongside the product, and an increasing relationship to familiarity with consumer behavior, Help companies improve their marketing strategies, consumer behavior is influenced by consume thought and attitude, consumer behavior includes idea and product, serviced. Due to the increasing expansion of internet users and sales in the digital environment, investigating the effective factors in e-shopping and creating a safe and easy environment for consumers, investigating the key points of consumer behavior and influential factors in the formation of the buyers mental structure, introduction of digital environment and presentation and influential factors in electronic sales environment are examine in the article.

Based on general liability principals, people are liable to their prejudicial actions. Often, when a damage occur, two or more persons have important role to occurrence it that is associate with multiplicity causes concept. In this case, lawyers trying to identify great cause between multiplicity causes. Causation relation is important and pillar basis of civil liability and obligation malefaction must exist between damage and crime as If action or non-action not occur so damage not produced and this principle as a rational principle without any difference accepted in civil liability. Authentication of causation relation is very simple when a case that damage occur by a damage cause. But according to this concept that social accidents or damages are associated together and damage cause are multiple, the identification of damage liable and the authentication of causation relation is very hard. In multiplicity causes, Iranian scientists make some thesis in law.