فهرست مطالب hossein rostami ahmadvandi

The research was carried out in order to investigate the yield, yield components and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the oil extracted from 19 double haploid lines of Camelina.A field experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design with 20 treatments and three replications at the Serarud Rainfed Agricultural Research Institute of Kermanshah, Iran in 2021 growing season. The results demonstrated that the highest seed yield of camelina was obtained in DH100 line, which showed an increase of 43.5% compared to the control variety. Also, the lowest seed yield was related to DH105 line, which showed a decrease of 67.3% compared to the control variety. In addition, the highest oil percentage and oil yield were obtained in DH100 line, Chemical analysis of camelina oil showed that the major fatty acids constituents in this plant's oil include linolenic acid, linoleic acid , oleic acid and eicosenoic acid . The highest amount of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid was observed in DH100 line. In addition, the highest amount of eicosenoic acid belonged to the DH10 followed by DH100 line. It is worth mentioning that the amount of oleic, linoleic, linolenic and eicosenoic fatty acids increased by 10.9, 5.6, 6.4 and 8.7%, respectively, when compared with control variety.it can be concluded that the DH100 line is recommended as the best line for releasing new cultivars of this oil-seed crop in rainfed conditions due to the highest oil quantity and quality in comparison with control variety and other double haploid lines.

The development of oilseeds cultivation is one of the important and major goals of the country in achieving self-sufficiency in this field, which will play an important role in food security. Camelina is a promising oilseed that could potentially be used as a low-input crop for production in the drylands. However, little is known about camelina’s breeding lines. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate and screen advanced camelina lines in terms of agronomic characteristics, yield, and percentage of seed oil using various statistical methods.

In this study, 19 advanced high oil lines along with cultivar Soheil were screened for agronomic characteristics, yield, and percentage of seed oil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates under rain-fed conditions at Sarab-Changai Research Station, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, Khorramabad, Iran during the 2020-2021 cropping year in rainfed condition.

According to the results, the oil yield and grain yield traits with more than 40% had the highest coefficient of variation. Day-to-flowering and day-to-maturity traits had the least variability according to this statistic. Analysis of variance indicated significant genotypic diversity between the studied genotypes in terms of most traits. The highest grain yield (901 kg/ha), oil content (35.83%), and oil yield (324 kg/ha) were recorded for DH60 line. According to the results of means comparison, plant height of genotypes was between 70.17 and 80.33 cm, day to flowering between 124 and 136, and day to maturity between 156 and 167. The correlation between grain yield and seed oil content (0.744**) and oil yield (0.995**) was positive and highly significant. Genotypes were clustered into three groups and the groups were statistically significantly different in most of the traits.

lines DH60, DH61, and DH105 were known as desirable and candidates for further breeding and agronomic research programs based on the results of various statistical methods including mean comparisons, cluster analysis, “genotype × trait” biplot, and SIIG index. lines DH41, DH69, DH128, and DH82 were also identified as the weakest genotypes in terms of the studied traits and are not recommended for economic cultivation. The results of this study showed that camelina is a crop plant adapted to dry conditions and a short growth period that has the potential to provide diversity in dryland crop rotation.

Considering the adaptability and importance of the safflower for the production of oilseeds in Iran, this research was conducted to evaluate and investigate of main agronomic traits in 12 mutant lines, produced in the National Research Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology along with Sina, Faraman, Omid, Sofeh, Goldasht, Golmehr, Parnian and Padideh cultivars. The project was carried out as a complete randomized block design in three replications under rainfed conditions during the crop season 2021-2022 in the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute-Sararood, Kermanshah, Iran. The results of variance analysis for all measured traits showed significant differences between cultivars and mutants at the probability level of 1%. The highest and lowest weight of 1000 seeds in this research was related to the Faraman cultivar (40.65 g) and Safeh (23.47 g), respectively. The first to third highest seed yield was observed in the Omid and Sina and Mutant No. 8 respectively with an average of 267.3, 242.2 and 233.3 kg/ha. The lowest yield belonged to Padideh and Golmehr cultivars (65.3 and 73.4 kg/ha, respectively).

To study the genetic diversity based on agronomic traits and their application in safflower breeding programs, an experiment was conducted in the 2019-2020 crop season at Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Sararood, Kermanshah, Iran. A total of 251 safflower genotypes and two cultivars (Faraman and Sina) were planted in a non-repeating observational design. Total rainfall in Sararood station was equal to 518.8 mm, during the 2019-2020 cropping season. Regarding rainfall distribution, the amount of rainfall in autumn, winter and spring was 173.2, 229.1 and 116.5 mm (33.38%, 57.65% and 22.45% of the total annual rainfall), respectively. The results of this research showed genetic diversity in the studied germplasm. Mean seed yield, 1000- seed weight, seed oil content, seed yield, flowering period length, physiological ripening period, plant height, pod diameter and the number of sub-branches per plant for the genotypes were 879 kg/ha, 33 g, 30.4%, 268.1 kg/ha, 170 days, 200 days, 75.5 cm, 13.2 mm and 4.2, respectively. Genotypes PI198009, PI197831, PI271139 and PI305205 produced the highest seed yield (2427, 2483, 2693 and 2965 kg/ha, respectively) and the highest oil yield (675, 798, 804 and 937 kg/ha). The seed oil content of PI306971, PI306954, PI205604, PI306853 and PI343780 genotypes was above 35% and higher than other genotypes. Considerable diversity in the morphological characteristics of the germplasm was observed in this research, which indicates the possibility of using them in breeding programs. Finally, some genotypes were selected that seed yield, 1000- seed weight, seed oil content, plant height, pod diameter and the number of sub-branches per plant were more than the third quarter and the number of days from planting to flowering and their physiological maturity were less than the first quarter. These genotypes were chosen for repeated experiments in the following year.

Water is a valuable and irreplaceable natural resource and plays an important role in development, which is one of the most important components in producing and maintaining the balance and stability of ecosystems and environment. The average annual rainfall in Iran is one third of the global average rainfall (about 250 mm) and its evapotranspiration potential is three times the global potential. Therefore, Iran is in the group of arid and semi-arid countries. Nowadays, the vegetable oil production industry is considered a strategic industry in most countries of the world. In Iran, there are large arable lands and favorable fields for growing oilseeds. However, according to available statistics, more than 85-90% of the required oil is still supplied from abroad. Common oilseeds such as soybean, sunflower and canola, despite their many advantages, are limited in various aspects of cultivation and climatic conditions.  For example, soybean is an ideal crop in the North American corn belt and is not well adapted to other regions. Sunflower also need a lot of fertilizer and is susceptible to a variety of diseases and pests. Therefore, the need for new oil crops with more adaptation and fewer needs is strongly felt. In recent years, the planting of new oilseeds in drylands has attracted a lot of attention. The most important advantage of these crops is the high resistance to drought and spring cold. In this paper, three of these crops (safflower, camelina and dragon's head) are mentioned, which are hoped to enter the country's dryland crop rotation.

The relation between malnutrition and illnesses has long been known. Food consumed by people in industrialized countries has higher levels of n-3 fatty acids. The benefits and risks of consuming edible fats are always discussed in scientific sources and mass media. Camelina oil has many properties and applications. This oil contains high amounts of omega-3, which helps prevent cancer and obesity. It is used in industry as a biofuel, in the production of resins, waxes, as well as in the production of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Vegetable oil factories add industrial antioxidants to prevent spoilage and oxidation and increase the shelf life of the oil which are extremely dangerous to human health.  However, due to high contents of alpha-tocopherol and vitamin E in camelina oil, which are powerful antioxidants, it does not need any additives for shelf life. The fatty acid profile of camelina oil depends on a number of factors, including the pedoclimatic conditions of the crop, such as the weather conditions during the growing season, genetic diversity between varieties, even there are differences between the characteristics of winter and spring camelina. Qualitative differences in the content of linoleic acid and alpha linolenic acid are considerable, but there is less variation in other fatty acids. The average fatty acid content of linoleic acid and alpha linolenic acid in Camelina oil is 12.4-15.3% and 36.8-40.8%, respectively. The average content of tocopherols in this oil is between 806-1008 mg/g. Camelina oil is golden yellow with a slight mustard aroma. The average of some physical properties of camelina oil colour such as refractive index, density, soap number and iodine number is equal to 1.4756 (at 25 ° C), 0.92 cc (25 ℃), 105 (iodine in 100 g of oil) and 187.8 (mg/g of oil), respectively.

Oilseeds, as an important part of industrial crops, are among the products that spend billions of dollars annually to meet their needs in Iran. Conventional oilseeds such as soybean, rapeseed and sunflower, despite their many benefits, are products that require high water consumption to produce them. Therefore, the introduction of a new oilseed crop that can have an economical and satisfactory yield in drought conditions and rainfed lands, can be an effective and key solution in this regard. This is the exact situation that farmers welcome the cultivation of a new crop. Camelina oilseed has many properties and applications. From a nutrition and health point of view, its oil contains high amounts of omega-3, which helps prevent cancer and obesity. In industry, it is used as a biofuel, in the production of resins, waxes, as well as in the production of cosmetics, health and pharmaceuticals. This crop has advantages over rapeseed, including the low need for water and nutrients, adaptation to adverse environmental conditions and resistance to pests. Camelina is a crop that can adapt to cold and dry environmental conditions and is also found in warm areas. The plant can also tolerate drought stress in the early growing season. Studies show that camelina is a crop that can be economically viable in rainfed areas or during supplementary irrigation. Preliminary experiments in Iran have shown that camelina cultivation can be well developed in rainfed areas and will largely meet the country's need for oilseeds.

Syrian Rue or Harmal (Peganum harmala L.), belonged to the family of Peganaceae, grows in semi-arid climates such as the Middle East and North Africa. Traditionally, this plant, especially the seeds, has been recognized for its several medicinal uses. In this stydy, genetic diversity between 21 Harmal accessions, collected from different regions of Iran were evaluated by Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) marker using 14 spesific primers. All primers successfully amplified polymorphism regions, as among 115 regions, 68 polymorphic regions (59.13%) were amplified. Accordingly, highest and lowest similarities among ecotypes were measured as 94% and 55%, respectively. The results based on cluster analysis also categorized all accessions into three groups that did not completely match to their geographic pattern place of collection. Result of principle coordinate analysis of samples also showed distribution pattern similar to cluster analysis.