iman shirinbak

Lack of necessary awareness and misdiagnosis can have serious consequences in dental emergencies, potentially causing irreparable harm to the patient's health. This study aimed to assess dental students' knowledge at Alborz University of Medical Sciences regarding medical emergencies in 2019.

This descriptive, cross-sectional study included all dental students from the 6th to 12th semesters at Alborz University of Medical Sciences (100 students) using a census method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic information, the necessity and sufficiency of learning about medical emergencies, and dental students' knowledge of medical emergencies. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive and analytical statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Out of 100 students, 90 completed the questionnaire. The mean knowledge score of the students was 9.63 ± 2.73, with the highest score being 15. 71.1% of participants agreed that the method of teaching medical emergencies should be changed. Additionally, 86.7% of the students felt the need for retraining in emergencies and how to handle them. There was a statistically significant difference between knowledge scores and the academic semester (P =0.01) and the history of attending cardiopulmonary resuscitation workshops (P = 0.03).

The knowledge of Alborz University of Medical Sciences dental students regarding medical emergencies was poor and unsatisfactory. The findings of this study, consistent with the results of other studies, highlight the necessity of reviewing and revising the curriculum related to medical emergencies in dentistry.

Anxiety about dentistry is one of the most important reasons for people to avoid dental care and in the long run reduces the level of oral health and quality of life. This study investigates the level of anxiety about dentistry and its related factors in adult patients
referred to the School of Dentistry of Karaj University of Medical Sciences in 2021

In this descriptive study, was performed on 200 patients referred to the School of Dentistry of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. For information Dental Anxiety Questionnaire (Corah (DAS)) and Question Individual Satisfaction Letter of Quality
of Life (MC. Grath) have been used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version24

Out of 200 patients, 91 (45.5%) had no anxiety, 13 (6.5%) had mild anxiety, 62 (31%) had moderate anxiety and 34 (17%) had they were very anxious. In this study, women were more anxious than men. There was a relationship between anxiety and satisfaction with the quality of life so people who were satisfied with their quality of life had less anxiety.

The results showed a significant relationship between dental anxiety and related factors such as gender, age, education, life satisfaction and number of visits to the dentist.

Introduction and goal: 

One of the problems of kidney failure patients, especially patients who are in the final stages of this disease, is uremic stomatitis, which can be caused by hemodialysis, the disease process, or both. Considering that dialysis as a metabolic disorder has many effects on people, including oral complications and mucosal lesions, knowing the prevalence of uremic stomatitis in patients with kidney failure and undergoing dialysis is necessary for planning interventions. Similar in this field has not been done in the city of Karaj or even in the country of Iran, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of uremic stomatitis in dialysis patients of Imam Ali Hospital in Karaj and its related factors in the year 1400.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the year 1400 in Imam Ali (AS) hospital in Karaj city. After the necessary coordination and obtaining the relevant permits, 384 dialysis patients who had files in Imam Ali Hospital (A.S.) in Karaj city were included in the study. The selection of people was simple random and based on the list of patients. The patients were diagnosed with stomatitis. Uremic were examined Also, the duration of dialysis, family history of kidney failure, diabetes, duration of diabetes and hemoglobin a1c level were asked and the relevant information was recorded.

According to the results of this study, the prevalence of uremic stomatitis in patients was 3.38%. This problem was more in men than women (84.61% compared to 13.59%). Also, the average age of male patients with this disease was higher compared to women (67.45± (5.12) years compared to 48.50±(4.95) years) and had been dialyzed for a longer period of time (5.64±(0.5) years compared to 1.5±(0.7)). Also, the family history of dialysis was more in men (81%. 8 compared to 0). The prevalence of diabetes in male patients was higher compared to female patients (100% compared to 50%) and the duration of diabetes was longer in men compared to women ((2.64±0.5) years in comparison with (0±1) years) and on the other hand, diabetes control was better in women compared to men, so that 50% of female patients had a blood hemoglobin level of 8-5.9, while the level of hemoglobin a1c in all male patients was higher than 8.

The results of this study showed that suffering from kidney failure, especially in the final stages of the disease when patients need dialysis, can lead to an increase in the risk of uremic stomatitis.

Blood sampling is expensive, time-consuming, invasive, and requires technical facilities, which can be replaced by more convenient samples such as saliva. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used biomarker in the management of many disorders and plasma CRP (pCRP) is suggested to be replaced by salivary CRP (sCRP). This study aimed to systematically review all available literature on the sCRP levels in systemic and oral disorders and how sCRP and pCRP levels correlate among these patients and healthy individuals.

In this systematic review, a PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar search was conducted on October-2021 to identify all research investigating sCRP levels in systemic and oral disorders.

A total of 130 publications were analyzed in the review. Most of the studies reported that sCRP and pCRP levels are correlated, and sCRP is a reliable alternative for pCRP level for the diagnosis and management of medical conditions. sCRP has been measured in many different medical and oral disorders and significantly correlated with disease activity in most cases.

Salivary CRP is a good alternative for Plasma CRP levels in most cases.

Oral health has a significant impact on the complications of pregnancy and raising the awareness of health Providers, can lead to the strengthening of preventive treatments and reduce the financial burden on society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of medical, midwifery and nursing students of Iran University of Medical Sciences about oral health during pregnancy.

During this descriptive-analytical study, which is done by a standard questionnaire, the knowledge and concern of these students in the field of oral health in pregnant women have evaluated. The questionnaire consists of two parts: demographic characteristics of the samples and their personal opinion about oral health.

In this study, a total of 172 students (62 nursing, 24 midwiferies and 86 medical students) participated. The knowledge score among 17 questions was minimum zero, maximum 15 and average 6.85±6.96 No significant relationship was found between knowledge score, gender and field of study.

The level of knowledge of medical and paramedical students in the field of oral health during pregnancy is low and it is necessary to improve this awareness.

Dental traumas are important events that can cause tooth displacement, fracture or removal teeth from dental socket. Studies have shown that the prognosis of treatment depends on the knowledge of those present at the accident and the correct performance of the dentist in treating the injured person. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice of dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences about traumatic dental injuries.

The present study was conducted on 63 dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Participants answered a questionnaire containing 7 multiple-choice questions. Questions 1 and 2 were about demographic information of students and questions 3 to 7 were related to dental trauma.

The results showed that, in response to question 3 93.7% of people, take it to the dentist after finding the broken fragment. In response to question 4, 63.5% put the broken fragment in the milk and take it to the dentist. In response to question 5, 57.1% of people after finding a tooth, replant it and take to the dentist. In response to question 6, 58.7% wash the tooth in tap water, if find the tooth covered by dirt. In response to question 7, 42.9% of people selected the extracted tooth environment as milk.

Comparison of previous studies and guidelines related to dental trauma management with the findings of this study showed that dental students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences have good knowledge about this issue.

 Damages to the oromaxillofacial region, if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, will cause permanent, serious clinical problems because of the characteristics of this anatomical region. Accordingly, the present study was performed on a 5-year investigation of epidemiology of oromaxillofacial fractures in patients admitted to Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj, Iran.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 235 medical files of patients with damages to the oromaxillofacial region available in the archive of Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj from 2013 to 2018 were chosen as census and examined. Demographic variables including site and cause of fracture were recorded for each patient on information forms. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software and presented as descriptive statistics.

 In this study, out of 235 patients with oromaxillofacial fractures, 178 (75.7%) were male and 97 (41.3%) were female, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 30.96 ± 14.91 years. The main affected anatomical regions were as follows: Mandible 269 cases (49.17%), maxilla 117 cases (21.39%), and cheekbone 51 cases (9.32%). Accidents occuring with motor vehicles was the main cause of these fractures in 132 patients (56.2%).

The results of the present study indicated that the fractures of oromaxillofacial regions were more common in men, young people, and middle-aged individuals, and mostly occurred in the mandible, maxilla, and cheekbone, with the main cause of these fractures being accidents happening with motor vehicles.

Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are 2 most common encountered chronic diseases. The occurrence, appearance, and severity of the periodontium tissue conditions vary during adolescence. Also, there is controversy about the relationship between diabetes mellitus and increased periodontal disease breakdown during puberty. This study aimed to assess the periodontal parameters and oral hygiene in diabetic and nondiabetic adolescents in city of Zanjan.

In this case and controls study, 140 diabetic (case) and 140 nondiabetic (control) adolescents were compared. The participants were matched by age, sex, and socioeconomic status using the group matching method. Clinical attachment loss, periodontal pocket depth, gingival index, periodontal index, and bleeding on probing were measured for the 6 Ramfjord index teeth. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t test, and one-way ANOVA using SPSS version 18. 

The mean age of the diabetic and nondiabetic group was 16.7±1.6 and 17.1±0.30 years, respectively. Duration of diabetes was 2.15 ±0.86 years. Mean clinical attachment loss, periodontal pocket depth, gingival index, and bleeding on probing in the patient group were 7.4, 1.68, 12.9, and 97.7%, respectively. All these indices in diabetic adolescents were significantly greater than in nondiabetics. Only the PI was poor in both groups and no significant difference was noted in this respect between the 2 groups.

Both diabetic and nondiabetic adolescents had equally poor oral hygiene. Gingivitis and periodontitis indices were significantly poorer in diabetic patients.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, which is highly invasive. Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is the low-grade form of SCC. Epithelial dysplasia (ED) also has a malignant potential. This immunohistochemical (IHC) study aimed to assess angiogenesis and the presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in SCC, VC and ED to determine the role of these factors in the progression of dysplastic lesions to neoplasia.
Two 4 µ-thick sections were made of 43 paraffin blocks (14 SCC, 14 VC and 15 ED lesions confirmed by two pathologists) for IHC staining. The mean microvessel density (MVD) and the number of TAMs were determined by assessing the expression of CD34 and CD68, respectively in each group of lesions. Data were analyzed using the Fisher’s Exact Test, Chi-square, Kruskal Wallis tests and one-way ANOVA with the aid of SPSS version 21.
Expression of CD34 in ED was higher than that in VCand SCC (ED>VC>SCC). Expression of this marker in more severe forms of ED was higher than that in mild forms. This expression was lower in high-grade SCC in comparison to low-grade SCC. Expression of CD68 in SCC was slightly higher than that in VC and ED. Expression of this marker in severe ED was less than that in mild ED. Its expression in high-grade SCC was higher than that in low-grade SCC, but these differences were not significant for CD68. No significant association was noted between the expression of CD68 and CD34 in these lesions.
The increase in the number of TAMs in malignant oral epithelial lesions was related to the type of tumor and its histopathological grade, but no association was found between TAMs and MVD.

Schwannoma is a benign tumor which usually presents as a solitary slow-growing painless mass. Approximately 25–48% of all schwannomas occurs in the head and neck region and is found rarely in oral cavity, about 1% of head and neck cases. Tongue is the most common site, followed by buccal mucosa, palate, floor of the mouth, jaw, gingiva and lips. This tumor may present at any age but it is more prevalent in third and fourth decades of life. Herein we report two cases of schwannoma in a 16-year-old woman and an 18-year-old man with asymptomatic pedunculated mass on anterior mandibular gingiva and painful swelling on posterolateral region of hard palate, respectively. The first lesion was discovered during the routine dental visit and the second one was referred by a dentist. They were medically healthy and their dental radiographies showed no particular findings. The provisional diagnosis for the first and second case was benign mesenchymal lesions and salivary gland tumor, respectively. Excisional biopsy was performed for them. Based on histopathological reports, the definitive diagnosis was neurilemmoma. There was no sign of recurrence approximately 2 years following surgical excision of tumors. The purpose of this report is to present two cases of schwannoma in an unusual location for intraoral tumors. Because of difficulty to diagnose this tumor based on clinical appearance alone, it is suggested that in well-defined peripheral intraoral lesion, schwannoma should be included in differential diagnosis even on palatal or gingival mucosa of young patients. Definitive diagnosis is best stablished by histopathological examination.

Despite recent progresses in cancer treatment, the oral cancer is still one of ten most common causes of death because of late diagnosis. Considering the role of cultural and geographical factors in oral cancer prevalence, epidemiological studies are of great importance. Many investigations have reported evidence of an increasing incidence in oral cancers during recent years. The aim of this research was to assess oral and maxillofacial malignancies in patients referring to Vali- Asr Hospital of Zanjan, during six years.

A descriptive and retrospective study was done using 214 medical files of patients whose oral and maxillofacial malignancy was histopothologically confirmed. Necessary demographic clinical and histopathological data were extracted. SPSS software was used to analyze data and drawing table and charts.

Minimum and maximum age of patients were 20 and 89 years respectively. Male to female ratio was 2.16 to 1. The most common clinical feature of oral and maxillofacial malignancies was ulcer and exophytic lesion. The most common site of oral and maxillofacial malignancies lesions were lower lip and tongue.

Although most of epidemiological patterns of oral and maxillofacial malignancies were similar to other researches, but male to female’s ratio and mean age were difference to other studies.

Oral health is an essential component of general health status which has an impact on physical and psychological health. Due to the importance of oral health, limited study in the field of dental problems among veterans and also the high number of chemically injured veterans, this study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of dental treatment needs in chemically injured veterans in Zanjan, Iran.
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using Cluster Random Sampling. After coordination with the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs the veterans who met the criteria were examined by an oral medicine specialist in the oral medicine ward of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences with the aid of examination devices. Identification data for veterans, past medical history and their current treatment needs based on teeth number and type of dental treatment, were recorded in the questionnaire (standard WHO 2007) and were analyzed by SPSS 16.
The project was done on 141 patients with the mean age of 50.7±34.6 years (maximum 79 and minimum 42 years). Dental treatment needs were as follow: root canal treatment 78%, filling 73.8%, extraction 73.8% and prosthesis 34.8%.
A large number of veterans were in need of dental treatment mainly root canal therapy and dental extractions. This fact emphasis the need of periodic checkups and dental care for them.

According to increase in quality and quantity of Continuing Medical Education(CME) Programms, assesment of educational needs is a part of research priorities in Education Development Centers(EDC).Due to lacking studies in this field among dentists, we decide to evaluate dentists opinion regarding qualiy and quantity of current Continuing Medical Education program. This descriptive study was done Among Zanjan providence General Dentists. 60 dentists fill the questionaire regarding qualitative and quantitative assesment of Continuing Medical Education.The data was analyzed by SPSS 20. This study was conducted on 64% male and 36% female with mean age of 41.49±7.49. They(52.5%) claimed that the most effective way to increase efficacy of these courses is to ask great instructors to do the courses and also the best method of performance is patient based method. The main problem of the dentists attending courses was thelong interval between the CME courses.Most of the dentists agreed to have 5-10 programms in a year.59.8 percent of them was agree with virtual internet based continuing education programms.they also claimed that there is a great balance between their educational needs and the programms. Because of the acceptance of virtual programms among most of the dentists,it is recommended to have virtual programms base on their educational demands

Systemic manifestation of many diseases may happen in the mouth. Some of these disease are so serious that their incorrect diagnosis can cause death. Delayed referral may be due to lack of knowledge regarding cancerous and precancerous oral lesions. It is necessary for general physicians to have some knowledge regarding common oral lesions. So، we decided to evaluate medical interns knowledge in this field. Our research sample was medical interns of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Each sample received a questionnaire that was designed with the aid of references. At the end، knowledge scores were classified as weak، intermediate and good. Data were analyzed with spss 18. 00، ANOVA and T-test. 51. 6% of interns didn’t have any knowledge regarding Oral Medicine. 80. 3% of them was agreed with teaching them Oral Medicine. Their accuracy in diagnosing malignant lesions، pigmented lesions and normal oral variations was 54. 2%، 67. 2% and 3. 7% respectively. Their diagnostic ability and their therapeutic approach regarding malignant lesions، pigmented lesions and normal oral variations was intermediate، high and weak respectively. Regarding malignancies، knowledge of medical interns should be increased. Re-evaluation of medical curriculum is recommended according to common oral diseases.

Achievement of maximum educational development is a major goal of education. Social adjustment is a main sign of psychological health. Because of lack of study regarding relationship of the educational development and social adjustment، this study was done. Dental students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences were included (N= 87). Depending on educational development، students were given four different California Questionnaires (Same questions with different font). Ultimately data was analyzed with the SPSS version 15 and K2، Variance، T-test and regression. There was not any significant relationship between social adjustment and educational development (p›0. 05). The greatest average of social adjustment was found in students with constant educational development. There was not any significant relation between educational development، social adjustment، social factors and responsibility (p›0. 05). Attention of education authorities to evaluation of the students'' social health and taking measures for improving educational development is important.

Workshop is a problem- based education may help change bad habits. Our study was designed to evaluate the Effect of workshop on drug prescription for oral diseases for Dental students of Qazvin university of Medical Sciences. After a pilot study, a reliable questionnaire for evaluation of the knowledge of students was designed.73 students completed the form before and after the workshop. Data were compared by t-test. Cronbach's alpha values (before and one month after workshop) showed significant improvement in quality of correct drug prescription among dental students. The drug prescription today is mostly relies on pharmacological concept which is a difficult issue. Our workshop was effective on quality of drug prescription. So, by designing workshops and applying new educational methods, we can overcome the problem.