فهرست مطالب j. jafari

Thalassemia is one of the hereditary chronic blood disorders that can have negative effects on the quality of life of these patients. Today, quality of life is considered as one of the most important health phenomena, and identifying the factors involved in it can help increase and improve the quality of life. So, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between spiritual health and quality of life in thalassemia patients.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 121 patients with thalassemia were selected and included in the study by available sampling method from the thalassemia department of Bam city hospital in 2018. The tools used included the demographic form, Polotzin and Ellison spiritual Well-Being questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF quality of life. The data were collected by self-report method and analyzed using SPSS version 22 statistical software and t-test. One-way variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient were analyzed at a significance level of p < 0.05.

In the present study, the average scores of their spiritual well-being (82.43 ± 17.35)  and quality of life (81.71 ± 19.55) were at an average level, and there was a positive and significant correlation between the average score of spiritual well-being  and quality of life (r = 0.44, p < 0.001).

The results obtained from this research emphasized the necessity of strengthening spiritual well-being as a factor affecting the quality of life of patients. The design of a care plan to improve the spiritual health of thalassemia patients is emphasized based on holistic care.

 The rapid spread of the COVID-19 disease has led to fear and anxiety in pregnant women. While extreme fear and anxiety in pregnant women leads to negative consequences in mothers and fetuses. This study was conducted to determine the status of fear of COVID-19 and its related factors among pregnant women in the city of Bam.

 This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 161 pregnant women referring to women's clinics of Bam University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method. Demographic information form and women's fear of COVID-19 questionnaire were used to collect data. The data was analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and with descriptive (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage) and inferential (independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression) tests at a significance level of p<0.05.

 In this study, 161 pregnant women between the ages of 21 and 25 participated, most of them were housewives (95%), had less than diploma education (49.7%) and were in the third trimester of pregnancy (72.7%). The average score of fear from COVID-19 was 23.39±5.20 (out of 35 scores). There was a significant relationship between the fear of COVID-19 with the level of education and the history of the disease (p<0.05).

 The findings showed that the fear of COVID-19 in pregnant women was moderate to high. Furthermore, the level of fear was related with factors such as level of education, economic status, and history of illness, which requires interventions according to these conditions. Therefore, due to the harmful consequences of fear and anxiety on the health status of the mothers and fetuses, it seems necessary to hold training courses to effectively deal with fear in this group

For the preparation of small-scale maps from large-scale maps, generalization of vector features is important. This method increases the quality of maps published, enables the analysis of data at various levels of detail, and reduces the volume needed to store them. The methods of linear and polygonal features generalization are performed with the aim of preserving their geometry and area while reducing their details. Various models have been used and evaluated by researchers in this field; However, most of them summarize the features with the aim of selecting a few points from them and deleting other points. Even so, the deleted points may contain valuable information for this complication and their removal will lead to a defect in its geometry and area. In this study, the generalization of multi-linear features was performed using minimizing the vertical distance from the main line. In order to study the proposed model, after its implementation on different shapes, the multi-lines of Lake Urmia and its islands were generalized and the results of the proposed model were compared with the common Douglas-Poker and Viswalingam methods. The results were then evaluated using the indices of area differences, the similarity of the mean curvature, the similarity of the amount of angle changes and the modified average Hausdorff distance. The results showed an average superiority of 99.91, 66.29 and 60.99% compared to conventional simplification approaches with proposed model (in the first three indicators). The proposed model has a advantage over the Douglas-Poker and Viswalingam methods 0.16 and 0.2 percent based on the area difference index, 7 and 5 percent based on the average curvature index, and 6 and 2 percent based on the  sharp change index. but In the the modified average Hausdorff distance index,  it was about 2 meters worse than the aforementioned methods, due to the lack of reliance on the initial points of the complication.

Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes that kills 1.5-2.7 million people per year.  Malaria remains a major concern for the World Health Organization despite extensive research. Computer simulation models have been used to research disease carrier management strategies in recent years. The development of a simulation model based on the Agent modeling of the malaria is being considered in this study. Given that the spread of this disease depends on various environmental, geographical and social factors. Therefore, this study focuses on evaluating the impact of effective environmental and geographical factors, on the spread of the disease in Bandzarak rural district of Hormozgan province and also examines the impact of control measures and policies to prevent the spread of the disease. Humans and female Anopheles mosquitoes were used as factors in this study to model the spread of malaria, and the land cover map of the study area was used as a simulation environment. Temperature, humidity, distance from stagnant water, distance from vegetation, and human population density were chosen as effective factors in the spread of malaria in this research. In order to test and evaluate the model, four experimental scenarios were designed, during which the effect of different factors in the model was investigated. The results showed the sensitivity of the model to these factors and the relative superiority of 20% of the recovery parameter in controlling this disease. It was also shown that simple scenarios can show and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures in reducing and controlling the disease. Control policies are meant to avoid disease transmission by drying stagnant water, using protective nets, killing mosquitoes at the start of the warm season, and deteriorating health conditions, with the result that using protective nets is the most effective way to prevent disease transmission.

In many irrigated areas, shallow water table causes water logging and salinity of the soils, thus usually subsurface drainage systems are used to control this situation. In most cases, subsurface drainage systems discharge a large amount of water and salt to the environment, hence drainage water management is necessary to prevent this situation. Drainage is an action that ensures the sustainable use of land, in addition to increasing the performance. The traditional view in the drainage systems’ design, has known the drainage aim, unique to increase the yield and improve the grown environment and does not examined the environmental impacts of drainage projects. Today, this attitude has lost its position in the new approaches, in addition to agricultural and industrial purposes, environmental goals of the drainage projects are also examined. In this study the quantity and quality of output drained water from the drainpipes as compared to the time were simulated using the method system dynamics analysis, and were compared to in vitro model data. The effect of changing the depth of drainage pipes, distances between drainage on the drained water volume, and the amount of output salt were investigated. For the experiments in this study, the physical laboratory model of Water Resources, in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz was used. Physical model is a rectangle cube-shaped container, metal-glass, with 2 m length, 1 m width and 0.5 m height. In order to determine the position of water table in the soil, 20 piezometers were put at the bottom of the model. Four reticulated metal pipes with a diameter of 2 cm were embedded as drainage pipes in the model. Tests were performed with depths of 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2 m from the soil surface, and three distances of 1.4, 1 and 0.6 m between the drains. In the upper part of the model, a sprinkler irrigation system consisted of four lateral and eight water sprayers, were placed at the height of 0.6 m above the soil surface: they were used to produce precipitation and irrigation practices. In this research, the VENSIM programming software, which is one of the most appropriate programs for dynamic evaluation of systems was used for modeling. This software shows the performance of the system during the simulation, with repeated solving of various equations in the system, by limited different methods. In order to evaluate the performance of the systems, various tests on water table level, drainage water quantity, salinity of drained water and groundwater salinity were done. The water table level increases through time and remains constant at a steady state. The output discharge from drains also increases during time and reaches to a steady state by fixing the water table and reducing its fluctuations. The salinity of drained and groundwater decreased during the experiment and approached to the amount of irrigation water salinity (0.45 dS/m), due to the mixing of irrigation water with low salinity groundwater with the higher salinity. The salinity of output drainage also decreases causing reduction of the groundwater salinity. Drainage volume, and the amount of drainage water EC, were measured in order to investigate the effect of changing the depth and distance between drainage pipes on the quality and quantity of the drainage water in each establishment. By increasing the depth and distance between drainage tubes, the length and depth of the water lines, towards drain pipes, increases and the share of groundwater participating in the output drainage increases, which leads to the increase of output’s salinity. This increase in depth and distance, also increases the soil storage volume in the drainage pipes, and increases the discharge of drainage water. The simulation data were compared with the measured values and correlation coefficients for output discharge, salinity of drainage water, water table level and groundwater salinity in trial mode (drain spacing: 1.4 m, depth: 0.4 m), which were 0.75, 0.92, 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. In addition, the values of the RMSE statistical indicator for these parameters were obtained as 0.1875 mm/min, 0.1684 dS/m, 0.0081 m and 0.0825 dS/m, respectively, indicating that the simulation results have the higher accuracy. The evaluation of quantity and quality of drains’ discharge cumulatively shows that the increase in drains’ depth and spacing causes the increase of the volume of drainage water and salt.

Considering the possibility of the harmful side effects of synthetic antioxidants, it is necessary to substitute the synthetic antioxidants by the natural ones, the antioxidants that have been consumed by man for years. The mango seeds were washed and air dried and the kernels were removed manually from the seeds. Mango seed kernel oil was extracted by hexane using soxhlet extraction apparatus. The results indicated that according to mango varieties, the seed represented 6 to 7 % of the whole fruit weight and this consists of 10.2% oil that contains approximately 55% and 45% saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. The induction periods of the mango seed kernel oil samples were 58.8 - 85.2 hours. Subsequently the antioxidant activity was investigated after adding 1, 5 and 10 percent crude mango seed kernel oil to tallow as a substrate free of natural antioxidants and determining the induction period and peroxide values at the predetermined temperatures. The addition of 1, 5 and 10 % of mango seed kernel oil to tallow caused significant increases in the induction periods of the treated oil. These results provide useful information on utilization of mango seed kernel oil as a natural antioxidant concentrate.

Process industries، often work with hazardous and operational chemical units with high temperature and pressure conditions، such as reactors and storage tanks. Thus، probabilities of incidence such as explosions، and fire are extremely high، The purpose of this study was to present a comprehensive and efficient method for the quantitative risk assessment of fire and explosion in the process units. The proposed method in this study is known as the QRA and includes seven steps. After determination of study objectives and perfect identification of study process، first، qualitative methods are used to screen and identify hazard points and the possible scenarios appropriate are identified and prioritized. Then، estimation of frequency rate are done using past records and statistics or Fault Tree Analysis along whit Event Tree. PAHST professional software and probit equations are used in order to consequence modeling and consequence evaluation، respectively. In the last step by combination of consequence and frequency of each scenario، individual and social risk and overall risk of process or under study unit was calculated. Applying the proposed method showed that the jet fire، flash fire and explosion are most dangerous consequence of hydrogen generation unit. Results showed that social risk of the both fire and explosion caused by full bore rupture in Desulphrizing reactor (Scenari3)، Reformer (scenario 9) and Hydrogen purification absorbers are unacceptable. All of the hydrogen generation unit fall in ARARP zone of fire individual risk (FIR) and FIR up to 160 m of boundary limit unit is unacceptable. This distance is not only beyond of hydrogen generation unit boundary limit، but also beyond of complex boundary limit. Desulphurization Reactor (75%) and Reformer (34%) had the highest role in explosion individual risk in the control room and their risks are unacceptable. Since the proposed method is applicable in all phases of process or system design، and estimates the risk of fire and explosion by a quantitative، comprehensive and mathematical-based equations approach. It can be used as an alternative method instead of qualitative and semi quantitative methods.