مقالات رزومه دکتر جمیل جعفری

The story of Sodom appeared in religious heritage to explain the destination of pagans and the perverted people. Arab poet Khalil Hawi has utilized this topic in three odes. Using the descriptive-analytic method we tried to explain the hereditary and religious roots of these odes, furthermore we explained how Hawi modernized the story by applying it in a social and political situation in Arab countries and how he made use of pessimistic expressions in his views. The poet's viewpoint is vividly pessimistic in these odes and he relied on symbolic expression of the topic of Arab sovereignty in Arab homelands and of old dogmas and reactionary thoughts with a grotesque diction; so, he shows his anger and wrathful attitude toward tyrant and absolute Arab sovereigns and toward Arab nations for their passivity, silence and obedience against them. The results show that our poet has had three phases toward this problem: firstly, he looks pessimistic to existence in the first ode "Sodom", so confusion, stress, and death are apparent as main themes in it. In the second ode "Return to Sodom" we confront a radical change in his attitude, because there are some hints of optimism and hope for Arab revolution; But at the third ode "Sodom for the Third Time" this hope will wither soon and a newborn pessimism will takes its place and our poet looks gloomy and sad.

Mustafa Khorramdel is one of the most influential translators who has written works such as: "Exegesis of Noor", "Translation of Fi-Zilal", "Exegesis of alMuqtataf (in Arabic)", and "Commentary of Shney Rahmat (in Kurdish)". In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, we tried to present a critical analysis on translations and interpretations presented in "Shney Rahmat" and "Exegesis of Noor". After our analysis based on content and constructive principles of native and target languages, we find that his Qur'anic translations contain many principles of a good translation and this is because of his cautiousness and awareness of grammar and rhetoric of Kurdish, Farsi and Arabic languages. Furthermore it seems that his commentary of "Shney Rahmat" is a translation of "Exegesis of Noor", although he has not pointed to it. Nevertheless, while analyzing the artistic, literary and linguistic aspects of these works, we found that in some cases, they contain errors; such as: the tendency to be detailed longer than necessary, incomplete meaning of some Qur'anic verses according to the context, improper equivalents in the target language for some Arabic words and idioms, the generalization of certain names, the lack of adequate consideration of tradition and revelation situations, considering the fact that both of them are called exegeses.

The novel of "Aqalim al-Khawf" (Territories of Fear) are placed in quasi-police narratives in which the author is represented using the personality of the heroine in the negative American environment in the Eastern Islamic provinces. This novel is characterized by a style that does not provide the reader with an understanding of the personal reality of the heroine in the sequence of events except by surprise at the end of the novel by confessing it in a secret project programmed by American organizations to steal the smart genes of Arab brains. Through the analytical-descriptive approach, this article aims to shed light on the most important reasons that awaken feelings of fear by its negative representations of the Eastern human in conservative societies. The importance of the research was represented in the narrative descriptions of the forbidden trinity (gender, politics and religion), in which Algerian women writers rarely fought, and it is an explicit values ​​because of their deviation from social and literary norms. The outcome of the article's findings indicates that the narrative through presenting the prohibited contents wants to depict the corruption prevalent in the atmosphere of the hidden eastern world behind moral values. Furthermore it reflects the reality of American policy and its fears, which pretend to make efforts to develop the eastern countries, and that they are in fact stacking poison in honey, and really they are planning to occupy, and seize the country's goods and plunder its wealth.

Language learning is an indispensable skill in the current era for communication and understanding. The skills to be learned include: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Writing has a significant place among these four basic skills in every language because it affects the three other skills and makes them deepened and developed. The method of error analysis is one of the methods recently used in applied linguistics to study how a foreign language is taught and treated. Iranian educational system for the teaching of Arabic language needs to reconsider the methods of instruction according to the new methods of teaching the language in our time. In this paper, using the method of error analysis and the descriptive-analytical approach, we try to study the weakness of the students in Arabic language writing and its challenges. The results indicated that errors in students’ Arabic writing include the following linguistic structures: the influence of the mother tongue on the target language, the genitive structure, the descriptive structure, the pronoun conformity of the reference, agreement of the verb with the subject, and finding proper equivalent for Persian words. It was also found that frequent errors are due to the use of grammar-translation method; so, this method should be abandoned and the learning process should be developed and improved by using new successful methods such as the audio-lingual method or the communicative one with the help of applied linguistics.

With the advent of Islam and its expansion among non-Arab nations، Iranians embraced it openly and they did their best to promote it. In this respect، Kurd translators and commentators paid attention to the Qur'anic science and tried to make it understandable for their people via translation. Although Persian translations had done before Kurdish ones but with Kurd translators' efforts، this superiority was somewhat disappeared to the extent that today over 50 translations and exegeses are published in Kurdish language.
In this research، utilizing the descriptive-analytic method، we try to study Persian and Kurdish translations in the course of history and to survey their historical evolution. Also we try to study the types of these translations and focus on their features according to translation principles. Results show that the first Persian translation goes back to 3rd century (A.H) while the oldest available Kurdish translation returns only to one century ago. Among different Kurdish accents، that of Surani is used more in Qur'anic translations. Kurdish and Persian translations are of types: word by word، content based translation، free translation، commentary-like translation، and literary translation.