فهرست مطالب jahangir heydari

Urban tourism is a complex combination of different activities that is from combining the environmental characteristics with the ability and attractiveness of the city to attract visitors and provide services. The first condition for the success of each city is the development of tourism, the existence of an appropriate urban infrastructure, the integrity of all relevant organizations and wise and efficient management in the political, cultural and social areas. On the other hand, arranging and preparation of the city attractions, the sustainable use of tourism resources, the creation of facilities and facilities that facilitate access to attractions, the satisfaction of visitors and local control, is the second prerequisite for the development of tourism. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the affecting factors on the satisfaction of tourists from sustainable tourism development in coastal cities of Boushehr province. In terms of method, this research is survey and based on the use of a questionnaire. The research data were collected from 350 questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The results show that the four factors of the quality of facilities and infrastructure services, environmental quality, the quality of the behavior of the host society and the quality of services can account for more than 59% of the variance of the variables under study. Thus, despite the large number of studied variables, the identified factors can provide a fairly clear picture of the views and the amount of satisfaction of tourists entering the coastal cities of Boushehr province. Also, there was a significant correlation between indices and satisfaction of tourists. At the end, there are some strategies to increase the satisfaction of tourists and sustainable development of coastal cities in Boushehr province

Horizontal expansion phenomenon in the last half century, not only in developed countries but in developing countries has occurred. This phenomenon has spread into areas of marginal and outer space arbitrarily banning city and as low-density development and detached. Today our cities, with the development and increase access to physical space and new territory, beginning from within their own quality Azdstdadh depleted and many of the surrounding areas more and more developed, and any attempt to draw urban development program to deadlock. With the abnormal increase of population, especially urban population in iran in the recent decades, the issue of the environment and the spatial sustainable development of considerable importance have been.Urban population growth. in iran with sprawl development of the city and eliminating agriculture and natural resources of surrounding towns have been demolished,While many cities have space resources and are valuable but Deteriorated. The solution for many of the problems caused by cities now is the problem of Regeneration and the Revitalization of these. Valuable spaces are considered In this regard, Smart growth approach in the United States of America as defined management model, pay special attention to the capacity of the inner city. In this The approach, Defined principles and tools for land management and in the system the country's urban planning are applied. These executive instruments guide development the land so that it would occur in the landscape the land development. On this basis, the main idea of this research, the development of the inner city, with emphasis on the development of this tissue is too old to reminde this fact that As long as the capacity of the old tissues are in cities, Steer development towards the Cities around will cause instability in the Framework of the city. Therefore, in this study, using form-based zoning model is one of the Instruments smart growth approach, Area and neighborhoods Borazjan City according to Smart growth coding system In Software GIS Through the Respective indices were zoning in Three general Regions, communities and zones. The three levels are networking with each other. In the areas that are the equivalent regions Potential development areas in six separate sections determined. There are three zones at the community level that The development model defines six areas. In the third level, each of the areas of natural and rural zones to urban core part of the spectrum is divided. Accordingly, the use of spatial analysis software, GIS, suburban areas and penetration Borazjan, According to the above levels, Under transected was placed. Finally, according to the model using form-based zoning Borazjan, to test the assumptions. The study Distressed neighborhoods located in an area of 229 hectares and a population of 21614 people Borazjan (Population and Housing Census, 1390) that it completed the relevant information needed to be collected. Based on the research aims to study the development of endogenous damaged, Using smart growth approach, form-based zoning model Borazjan were included. The purpose of The implementation of this model, to meet the assumptions of the study. The performance of the model form-based zoning, zoning out city in six different areas in terms of power and talent development. Each of these zones based on indicators that are, On the part of the form and structure of a certain capacity to adapt to any development, respectively. In this zoning, the study area of research, In the subset of zone (G4), the area was re-qualified talent development. Therefore, according to this model, The first hypothesis, "old textures and Central Borazjan have the potential redevelopment" Was approved. The second hypothesis of the research is based on this theme"Using form-based zoning in smart growth development model old textures Borazjan be revealed." In order to verify this hypothesis, two gross population density and parts size were analyzed in the study area. Then using spatial analysis of these two indicators in the software ARC GIS, The results on the zone (G4), combined and integrated, and finally, two pattern (TND) and (RCD) In order to Old texture of community development. zone (RCD), the potential development of commercial orders and mapping (TND), the potential development of urban areas and regional centers are to having. In the third step of the analysis, Each of the two zones assigned to the T-Zone (transected) were divided. At this stage, the identity of any part of the urban environment to urban nucleus was determined. This research Is part of the Applied Research and of The method Part of the research is analytical and documentary field. In the process of researching and defining the principles and practices investigated And to perform old studies on the structure of the population, use, physical and access have been discussed. According to what is said in relation to determining the pattern of development in each of the zones And necessity steer development to areas inside the city and protection of agricultural land and natural resources around the city It can be said the best area In order to future development Borazjan, old textures and city center. Led development of the city, within the context of old downtown, can be reduced to the extent of sprawl around the city and pulled it off. In this regard The use of smart growth strategy and Principles in the urban development plan, can accelerate this process and order and direction of future city growth and development within the context of old and inefficient guide. If you enter the land into city limits is inevitable due to the classification of land around the city based on factors such as soil type, erosion, land slope, soil depth and texture, the irrigation, drainage, water-holding capacity and so as much as possible is agricultural land that has less talent are to be added to the city limits.

Geopolitical genome is the potential of a country. As the genomics is the study of hundreds or perhaps thousands of simultaneous genetic reactions for identifying the main causes of disease and understanding the mechanism of an organism, the activation and extinguishing of the geopolitical genomes are those adopted policies based on the geographical and human potentials of the countries which is activated or extinguished through the above mentioned factors. The study of the geopolitical genomes and controlling the type and quality of their activity guaranty the country and prevent it from the influence and power of other states. By identifying the geopolitical genomes, the activity of those genomes which are going to become geopolitical codes to the rival countries can be stopped. In line with the development of the influences and geopolitical boundaries of the country, the genomes can also become the sources of power.
Turkmenistan, in terms of political development, has not developed. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the motive of the great powers for influence increased. In addition to the traditional influence of Russia in the region, and activities of America and the European countries’ after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early years, China has taken an active economic policy in Central Asia. This country has had geopolitical behavior beyond its political geography in field off origin policy.
Turkmenistan has had huge geopolitical problems, but, in terms of foreign policies it has managed to demonstrate actions beyond its reality in and out of the region. When Bordi Mohammad of took the office, the first important step to achieve was to increase foreign investments. In this article, it was attempted to study there as on and qualities of foreign policy actions of Turkmenistan, based on the principle of conceptual geopolitical genome ,since, it seems that, the changes in the country’s geopolitical capacities has paved the way for the Turkmen’s world wide acceptance.
Geopolitical genome of a country is seen as the geopolitical codes by the rival countries which systematizes the programs of a country's foreign policy against the target country. That is, a country organizes its foreign policies based on its genome map. Moreover, the rival country tries to undo the target country's foreign policy according to geopolitical codes available in that country. Countries, based on their unique geopolitical genomes, have a political character and are a range of in fluential capabilities in the foreign policy. In order to meet the challenges raised from the county’s human and geopolitical issues, adopting strategies to neutralize or extinguish them is essential.
Geopolitical code is the foreign policy operational agenda of a country that evaluates the geographical places out of the borders. Geopolitical codes are specific to each country, and countries try to influence and target the other countries’ geopolitical codes to achieve their goals and interests. A county’s genome map is considered as geopolitical codes by the rival countries and leads the mental programs of a country’s foreign policy towards the target country.
The research methodology was descriptive-analytic. Therefore, after an extensive literature review and data processing, in this study the genome of geopolitics and geopolitical code were first described. Then, the dual approach indices of geopolitical genome activation, factors affecting the activation/extinguishment of geopolitics genome, geopolitical and the confrontation of geopolitical codes/genomes and dual behavior (geopolitical/geo-pacific) in the study were designed. Corresponding to the designed factors, the effective factors in the activation of geopolitical genomes in the Turkmenistan’s foreign policy were extracted.
Turkmenistan's position in Central Asia is of crucial importance. It has enormous sunder ground as resources and is the gateway to Central Asian countries. Turkmenistan is also the region’s channel of communication with the out side world, and has the capabilities of geo-cultural and economic potential. Turkmenistan, through the activation of energy transfer routing, neutralizing the challenge of the lack of access to oceans, and developing strategies to decrease the challenges in the region has been able to demonstrate, in the foreign policies, actions beyond its real being, regionally and infra-regionally.
In proceed we show the extinguishment and awakening of advantageous and power-maker genomes of the Turkmenistan’s foreign policy.
The advantageous geopolitical genomes
Fundamental restriction and monopolizing the gas transport by Russia
Cumbersome tax rules for foreign company activities
Being limited to land and the Russia's monopoly of gas lines
Economic package system
Isolation of foreign policy
The strategies of geopolitical extinguishing genomes advantageous
The diversification of gas export options
Foreign exchange and encouraging foreign investment
Activating the routing of energy transport
Economic Development (oil and gas, agriculture, textile and private sector)
The end of self- imposed isolation policies and active participation in international community
Also in proceed we show awakening the empowering genome of foreign policy
The strategies of activating the potential strengthening genomes
-Activating cultural symbols celebrating celebrities and historical events-Finding a position in the international economy
-Making peace with neighbors and attracting regional actors extending roads with neighbors
-Declaring the neutral policy at the international level with stabilizing the internal conditions
-Increasing negotiation internationally
Employing potential genome
Cultural Lack of religious and ethnic diversity
The better location compared with other republics in central Asia
The vacuum power in the region.
Thus, using the plans of Bordi Mohammad, the previous policies were put aside and the conditions were prepared for activating power-maker genomes. Turkmenistan policy makers started to identify economical and geo-cultural potentials, geo-strategic conditions and positions, and hydro-political challenges. In the next step, the activation policy of proper genomes for each sector was adopted. Taking advantage of oil and gas resources led to the activation of finding an international genome in the economic policy and energy transferring routing. In geo-culture, the symbolization genome and cultural symbolism were activated to strengthen the national identity and recognize the historical realities. To extinguish the critical situation of water The strategy of cooperation with Iran and Afghanistan was posed as an agenda , Regarding the geostrategic situation of Turkmenistan as agate way for entrance to central Asia ] , its proximity to Iran , its short distance with Russia also tendency of America to penetrate in this region , adopting an neutral was effective .
One of the other challenges of Turkmenistan is lack of access to free waters that has been overcome through activating some genomes such as the railway link with Iran and Uzbekistan, attracting foreign economic investments, and enhancing border markets and free trade zones.

Security is the prerequisite for a healthy society; in addition security feeling paves the ground for development of human communities, and every single community owes its prosperity to maintaining security and security feeling. Whereas police performance is an external control tool contributing to security feeling; citizens› security feeling leads to upgrading the level of comfort and welfare on the part of citizens as well as becoming responsible and accountable, and finally leads to improvement of their life standard. The present research aims at analyzing the performance of Khorramabad police to assess the three periods of police performance and citizens› security through using IPA technique. The tool used in the research is questionnaire which was filled in by 130 citizens who were randomly chosen in Khorramabad .The results indicated that police performance in the traditional and professional paradigm is categorized in the matrix of «retaining», and in order to provide citizens with security these two paradigm which are the strong points in establishing security and security feeling should be retained in Khorramabad; however, given the average importance and weak performance of police, paradigm of community-oriented policing is at the center of attention. The paradigm is among the requirements of our community in order to prevent crime while enhancing security and security feeling due to the fact that citizens› dissatisfaction from police weak performance emanates from failure of police in executing the elements of community-oriented policing.

Interodaction: There are several theories to understand the causes of convergence and divergence in multi- ethnic countries. Each scientific field based on its nature considers to the ethnic issues. Sociologists have referred to structural aspects of the issue such as geographic and human issues of the region, and political scientists consider the issues such as the role of ethnic elites and legitimacy of political system and finally, psychologists consider the mental issues of society. A comprehensive approach to consider the role of different geographic factors (natural or human) is essential. Rational management is one of effective factors. It shows that the governments have reached to the rational understanding and awareness about the existence of weaknesses and potentialities. The research methodology adopted here is descriptive- analytic and data gathering procedure is based on library findings.Research Effective factors on the convergence are as follows: firstly, internal factors affecting the convergence include mutual trust between the people and the government, satisfaction of the people, decentralization and de-concentration of industries and decision- making centers, strengthening ethnic identities in direction with national identity, the power of central government to guarantee convergence, promotion of education, constitutional rules and its role in national integration. Secondly, external factors affecting the convergence include development and promotion of cross- border ethnics and cultures, the policies of regional stability, religious centrality of Iran in the region, economic communications with neighboring countries and development of border markets, aggressive policies toward ethnics in neighboring countries. Factors which affect divergence are as follows: firstly, regional and trans-regional factors affecting the divergence include the boundary location of minorities, return in ethnic policies of neighboring countries, geopolitics of the ethnicity and instrumental use of ethnicity in foreign policies, the US hegemony and its effect on the divergence. Secondly, external factors affecting divergence include the factor of religion, ethnicity and language, the topographic structure of Iran inappropriate communicational system, imbalance in participation of ethnicities in political power, the luck of development. Divergence and convergence forces are central in determining wherefore of the composition and consolidation of Iran's nation, and their investigation is more vital. Some of these forces have relatively fixed role in divergence and convergence process and some of them are not stable and their function maybe change. So, they can be used in both divergence and convergence processes -depending on political motivations. For example, central government of Iran can employ these forces to develop convergence and national unity and vice versa, interventionist forces and opposition groups can use these forces to collapse national unity. Based on research findings, I.R.I has three options: integrative model, neutralization or maintenance of status quo and divergent model. Each model has its results and consequences.

Security of a country has always been of concerns and of course of the most important tasks of governments in every arena of time and space; among the cases regarding security of a country,security in international borders and its surrounding is one of the examples related to this issue. The borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the components that affect national security regarding the special population,have always been considered the challenging issues in the security arena. Such a conception of arise from geopolitical realities such as ethnic groups scattering and their settlement in the border areas of Iran, the use of geopolitical ethnicity in the existing occasions in foreign policy in one hand and on the other hand expansion of geo-spatial sequel of border ethnic to other side of Iran political borders. Being border also makes it easy to access to the waves of enemy communications in a way that the enemy propaganda campaign against the Islamic Republic of Iran wasin these areas.Thus in this research, convergence of Iranian border ethnic related to the stability of the national security. The research method was descriptive and analytical utilizing technique SWOT (strengths and weakness points, opportunities and threats) was analyzed the convergence of Iranian ethnic; the library and internet documentary were the research tools. The results indicate that in the convergence of Iranian ethnic the internal strengths 10, internal weaknesses 21, external opportunities 11 and the threat 12 have been a major influence on this issue. After examining the interaction effect between them, on each other and from each other and their qualitative and quantitative analysis, ultimately presented 40 appropriate strategies.

Geopolitical Genome is the geographical genetic and variable map of the politics and derived from geography of a country that affects foreign policy. Identifying geopolitical viewpoints coming from geopolitical genomes of the neighbors and identifying the geopolitical codes existing in the target countries can play a key role in adopting foreign policy in parallel with geopolitical weight. With respect to historical, cultural and racial commonalities between Iran and Iraq and the influence of regional and trans-regional powers in this country it is necessary to identify and study the genomic geopolitical map of Iraq for directing Iran’s foreign policy toward this country. Placing emphasis on analysis of geopolitical codes and genomes in the political geography of Iran and Iraq, the authors have tried to analyze the consequences of this contradiction and its influence on bilateral foreign policy by presenting a model entitled “contradiction of Iran-Iraq codes/genomes”.

Maslow Believes, The intrinsic needs, activating and directing the behavior of human. Methods that are used to satisfy them, acquired and they are very Differences from one culture to other cultures. Because these needs are arranged as hierarchically, until the lower needs, those who are more severely, notsatisfied, Turns to emergence of higher needs does not activate. Also Countries in order to maintain their existence and survival, respectively in the hierarchical pyramid of Maslow, have some needs and a goal that in the arena of domestic and foreign policy seeks to eliminate of them. According to multiplicity of sources of tension in the Persian Gulf region, countries are more focused on the interaction of security that is the second level of Maslow's hierarchy. The importance of this matter in the Persian Gulf region have risen that The primary purpose of foreign policy in the region emerged as a challenging and competitive approaches to conflict in order to achieve security there. So achieve to the other needs like: a sense of belonging and friendship, mutual respect towards the values, Building Trust and self-actualization depends on the regional transition from the lower levels of the pyramid is required.This descriptive -analytical study seeks to explain and Looking for an answer to this question that, According to Maslow pyramid, Behavioral actions of the Persian Gulf region countries at each level of the pyramid located and Which factors affect this status? Because of the various sources of stress Such as: Iran fears, Border disputes, Change in the balance of power in the region and...Behavioral actions of nations in this region have focused on the second level or security needs Maslow pyramid. Its reflections have appeared in the form of Arms race, Strategic link with trans-regional powers, Conflicting approaches in foreign policy and....