فهرست مطالب jalal yarahmadi

The purpose of this study was to map and streamline HR strategies in the Ministry of Sport and Youth with a balanced scorecard approach. The research method is descriptive and purposefully applied. The research data were collected in field and mixed method (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of the study in the quantitative section included 65 officials and experts of the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs and the provincial general managers of sport and youth equal to 65 persons and 12 experts in the qualitative section. Due to the limitations of members, the sample was considered equal to the population (integer). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 10 university sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.85). Logical induction method and Strategic Council meetings were used to analyze the data in the qualitative section and Cronbach's alpha and frequency percentage in the descriptive and quantitative sections. The findings showed that in the HRM system of the Ministry of Sport and Youth, there are 4 perspectives (productivity, stakeholders, internal processes and growth and learning), 26 strategic goals, 32 measures and 39 actions and initiatives. It can be concluded that given the alignment of strategies with strategic goals, measures and initiatives and HR initiatives and initiatives of the Ministry of Sport and Youth in different contexts, in addition to the strategic implementation, increase the capacity of the organization. And it's purposeful.

 Currently, sport is one of the significant principles of improving the physical and mental fitness so the aim is to develop a performance management model for the physical education of IRGC based on the organizational excellence model. This study is practical in terms of purpose and the data was collected in the field in a qualitative manner based on purposeful sampling by conducting 18 in-depth interviews with expert participants in PE. After each interview, the codes were extracted. Data analysis and identification of the components and indicators of PE performance management of IRGC were carried out with the Delphi method and the research model was designed based on the principles of organizational excellence. The findings showed that 35 indicators in the form of guidance and leadership components, goals and strategy, capabilities and potentials, human resources, environmental and financial factors, motivational measures, communication, executive measures and supervision and monitoring as enablers on the management of PE performance of the ground force of IRGC will be effective and achieved 21 results in the form of productivity development components, system maturity, development of championship sports and improvement of the quality of work life. It can be concluded that the education and empowerment of sports staff, the development of talent management in sports fields approved for military forces, the quantitative and qualitative development of coaches and sports referees, incentive mechanisms and the increase and standardization of sports venues can be the path to the development and improvement of PE performance of IRGC.

Considering that the most popular world radio and TV programs are sports programs and  due to the extensive and special impact of sports media on their audience, the present study aims to investigate the extent of compliance with media ethics in the sports programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting  (sports programs of Channel 3, Sports TV and Sports Radio). The statistical population of this research was the students of different grades of physical education at Payam Noor University in Tehran. This research was carried out based on random-stratified sampling and the number of samples was 125 students based on Morgan’s table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire, using SPSS statistical software, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Levin and Tukey Tests, were used in accordance with the research hypotheses. The status of three variables of honesty, justice, responsibility of media ethics in sports programs was evaluated at a favorable level. According to the demographic variable of age, a significant difference was observed between students’ views on the component of media ethics and justice in sports programs. There was no significant difference between the groups of men and women in the variables of honesty, justice, responsibility and media ethics. Based on the findings of the research, it seems that maintaining and boosting motivation of people working in sports radio programs, factors such as increasing the financial and moral supports, is necessary in order to maintain compliance with media ethics.

Background and Aims:

 Fasting during Ramadan causes changes in the body’s metabolism, but there are contradictory results regarding the effect of fasting on the psychological and physiological status of professional athletes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Ramadan fasting combined with regular aerobic exercise on cortisol levels and anxiety in female professional athletes.

Methods :

This applied study was performed with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all female professional athletes in Qom in 2019. By available sampling method, 50 people were selected and divided into experimental (n=25) and control (n=25) groups. The experimental group performed aerobic exercises according to the defined intensities and three sessions per week. The control group did not intervene. Data were collected using the State-Trait Anxiety Scale and cortisol was measured by blood sampling using a Tosoh 360-AIA device. Data were analyzed by independent and paired t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance. The significance level was considered 0.05. Ethical considerations were observed in this study.

Results :

The findings showed that Ramadan fasting program combined with regular aerobic exercise had a positive and significant effect on reducing total anxiety and its components, including trait anxiety and state anxiety in the experimental group. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of cortisol levels in the two groups in the post-test.

Conclusion:

 The research findings showed that fasting during Ramadan combined with regular aerobic exercise is effective in reducing anxiety and cortisol in athletes. The researcher suggests that in order to achieve more reliable results, the study should be performed on larger populations.

Complementary methods such as physical activity (PA) and fasting are particularly important for cancer patients. The present study reviewed the effects of regular PA and fasting on cancer patients and attempted to explain the relevant mechanisms.

Several electronic databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar were searched for keywords. After reviewing, 412 articles were identified until February 1, 2021. The inclusion criteria included meta-analysis, clinical intervention studies that considered different effects of fasting and various types of exercise on health indicators. After carefully reviewing and eliminating duplicates, 68 articles were identified based on the PICO format (participants, intervention, comparison, and results).

The short-term fasting (STF) before chemotherapy (48-72 hours) or rehabilitation exercise could be modulating fasting blood sugar, growth factors, oxidative stress (OS), and inflammatory pathways. In addition, physiological metabolic stress induced by STF or rehabilitation exercise could regulate sex hormone-binding globulin, fat oxidation, leptin secretion, hyperinsulinemia, maintaining mass muscle, and bone density, boosting the immune system, and improving the therapeutic index of cancer.

Metabolic stress in cancer cells leads to the intake of high doses of chemotherapy. The rehabilitation exercise prevents the complications of the disease and improves the patient’s quality of life. Thus, these interventions can be used to improve the cancer-based therapeutic index on individual differences.

The purpose of this study was to validate of media ethics indicators tool in the sports programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting. The statistical population of this study (350 people) was the sports management elite, including faculty members in the field of physical education majoring in sports management at the universities of the Ministry of Science, and the sampling was random and the number of samples (180 people) was determined based on Morgan table.The data are based on three questionnaires of honesty, fairness and responsibility and its validity is structurally confirmed and its reliability is confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that the variable of honesty on the media ethics of sports programs of Iran Broadcasting with an impact factor of 0.44 and a value of T=4.71, justice on the media ethics of sports programs with an impact factor of 0.13 and the value of T=2.84 and responsibility had an effect on the media ethics of sports programs with an impact factor of 0.91 and a value of T=7.65. Accordingly, the variable of responsibility on the media ethics of sports programs with an impact factor of 0.91 was the highest and the variable of justice on the media ethics of sports programs with an impact factor of 0.13 was the lowest.The results of the research indicate the internal validity and index of external tools of media ethics and its significant effect on the sports programs of the Radio and Television of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Actual Evapotranspiration is one of the effective components in the hydrological cycle. Therefore, accurate estimation of this component at the watershed scale has an important role in the management of available water resources. In this study, the accuracy of actual evapotranspiration product values of five global terrestrial databases including MOD16, MYD16, SSEBOP, GLEAM, GLDAS was compared to the evapotranspiration values predicted from the SWAT model simulation in the Karkheh dam watershed in 2006, 2008 and 2011 which are low/high and medium rainfall respectively on a monthly scale. Then, the feasibility of improving the accuracy of evapotranspiration values obtained from these databases was investigated in eight different scenarios using simple averaging, M5 and SVR models as ensemble methods. The results showed that although actual evapotranspiration products are able to explain the trend of time changes of actual evapotranspiration in catchment, they are significantly different with the output values of the SWAT model as observation values at a significant level of 5%. The results also indicated the use of simple averaging has no effect on improving the results at the Karkheh dam watershed. However, the use of the other two ensemble methods improves the accuracy of actual evapotranspiration and the ensemble method explains 80% of the SWAT-derived actual evapotranspiration variations. Moreover, the ensemble model derived from SVR fed by the attributes of the superior data combination scenario, reduced the estimation error by about 44% compared to that derived from the best global terrestrial product which was GLEAM in this study.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes cognitive disorders in addition to physical injuries. The role of physical activity and medical plants in improving memory and physical function has been reported, but the interactive effect of training at different temperatures with Cinnamon consumption has not been known yet. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming (S) training in water at 5 ° C (S5C) and 35 ° C (S35C) with cinnamon (Cin) consumption on avoidance memory, spatial memory and aerobic power of diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 48 diabetic rats (55 mg/kg streptozotocin) were divided into 1) diabetic control (CD), 2) S5C, 3) S5C+Cin, 4) S35C, 5) S35C+Cin and 6) Cin groups. Eight rats were placed in the healthy control (HC) group to investigate the effects of diabetes induction on the research variables. Swimming trainings were performed at 2±5 ° C and 36±2 ° C for eight weeks, 3 days per week and 2-4 minutes in each session. The aqueous extract of cinnamon was 200 mg/kg/day dissolved in drinking water. 48 hours after the last training session, the research variables were measured.

S5C and S35C significantly caused the increase in step through latency (STL), percentage of alteration (PA) and aerobic power as well as decreased time spent in dark compartment (TDC) and repeat dark entrances (RDE) (P≤0.05). Cin caused a significant increase in PA and aerobic power as well as significant decrease in TDC (P≥0.05). Also, S5C+Cin and S35C+Cin significantly increased STL and PA and decreased TDC in diabetic rats (P≥0.05).

It seems that swimming training at different temperatures and consuming cinnamon have beneficial effects on the memory and learning of diabetic rats, but since Cin moderated the effects of training, further studies at the molecular- cellular level are recommended.

Evapotranspiration has a key role on spatial and temporal distribution of available water, as vital component of water balance. ET ground measurements at large scale has limitation, so, different methods have been developed to estimate actual ET based on remote sensing data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy of actual ET estimation for MOD16, MYD16 and SSEBOP global database models in monthly and seasonal time scales for different land use and wet, dry and normal climate conditions at Karkheh Dam Basin. First, SWAT model was calibrated and verified based on data of hydrometric stations included: river discharge, base flow and aquifer storage. After ensuring the accuracy of SWAT model performance in estimating water balance components at the studied basin, simulated actual evapotranspiration values were used to evaluate the temporal-spatial accuracy of actual evapotranspiration data of global database models. Results showed that all three models underestimate actual evapotranspiration values with a significant difference from the SWAT model results. The RMSE and MBE values varied from 15 to 21.74 and -15.93 to -8.19 mm on a monthly scale and from 40.17 to 59.32 and -47.74 to -19.36 mm on a seasonal scale, respectively. The concordance between the actual evapotranspiration results of the global database models and the simulated SWAT model values ​​in the dry year is lower than wet and normal years. Although the results of the SSEBOP model had less error than SWAT model, the actual evapotranspiration time variations of the MOD16 and MYD16 models were more consistent with the time series data of the SWAT model. The results also showed that in the dominant agricultural basins, the SSEBOP model and in the forest and pasture basins, the MYD16 and MOD16 models have less error.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of market orientation on business performance in the athletic companies.
It was a correlation study. The statistical sample using the random sampling included 113 directors and officials of various athletic companies all over the country. To gather the information, the culture of market orientation questionnaire by Nero and Slater (1990), Market sagacity questionnaire by Kohli and Jaworski (1990) and Business Performance Questionnaire by Holly et al (2005) were used. Questionnaire's validity was confirmed using the professors and sports industry experts and reliability of the questionnaire, based on Cranach’s alpha, was reported 0.82.
After data collection, in order to analyze the data, mean and standard deviation in descriptive statistics and regression test in inferential statistics were used. Analysis was done using SPSS 18 software at the significance level of p0.05).
Therefore, it is recommended to the athletic directors that the coordination between tasks, competitor identification, and understanding customer's need are essential in order to greater profitability.

Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) data are desirable for assessing crop water requirements and scheduling farm irrigation. A large number of methods have been developed for assessing ET0 from meteorological data. In several places of the world including iran، the existing network of weather stations is insufficient to capture the spatial heterogeneity of this variable. The purpose of this study is to adjust the Hargreaves equation (HG) for using land surface temperature (Ts) data instead of air temperature to estimate ET0 only on the basis of the remote sensing-based surface temperature. For this purpose، a total of 365 images of MODIS Ts product for the years 2006 and 2007، covering irrigated sugarcane farms in Khuzestan were used. The results show that HG equation adjusted by both types of input data (land surface temperature and air temperature) has the same accuracy. RMSE and R2 were estimated 1. 5 mm d-1 and 0. 79، respectively.

Evapotranspiration is one of the most important parameters for designing irrigation systems and estimating crop water use. Joining the models of reference evapotranspiration with the data derived from satellite images provides the opportunity for studying spatial variations of this parameter in extensive levels. In this study, four empirical models were evaluated including Hargreaves-Samani, Blaney–Criddle, Turc, and Linacre, which are dependent on temperature data for estimating reference evapotranspiration. Daily LST data obtained from MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 of MODIS were used rather than temperature data in these models. The minimum and maximum daily temperature, relative humidity, daylight hours, and wind speed were collected from weather stations located in five units of sugarcane farms (Shoaybie- SH, AmirKabir-AM, Farabi-FA, Khazaie-KH, and Ghazali-GH) in order to estimate reference evapotranspiration by Fao-Penman-Monteith equation as the target output. Calibration was done by the data of Shoaybie, Amir Kabir and, Farabi stations while the data of Khazaie and Ghazali stations were used for verification. This research showed that estimation of reference evapotranspiration can accurately be performed by LST data of Modis (MOD11A1 and MYD11A1) without direct measurements. Besides, the results revealed that use of LST data of MOD11A1 can lead to more accurate result for verification than MYD11A1. This outcome was resulted by comparing the precision measures of reference evapotranspiration based on the type of used thermal product as an input. Furthermore, comparing the precision measure of the models imply that operating the Turc model based on LST data of MOD11A1 can have more accurate results than other models (RSME and R2 are 1.3 mm.d-1 and 0.86, respectively).

Main aim of this research was comparing mild swimming and recoveries Jacuzzis recovery on blood lactic acid and blood pressure of swimmers. We used descriptive statistics (placebo, median, mean, variance, and standard deviation) for analyzing data in order to compare changes of saturated percentage of blood cell. We collected data from pools of Mashhad and we used from 45 person for collecting information and finally 35 sample data were collected. Normal data distribution by Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used initially in order to reflect the normal distribution of data. Thus, we used t student, alpha error is 0.05, and Excel 2007 and SPSS 18 did analysis. Result of research indicated there is not significant relationship between saturated percentage of blood cell in (swimming 200 m after recovery and recovery) in Jacuzzi recovery and mild swim.