فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان
پیاپی 61 (پاییز 1402)

Today, hope is considered as the most fundamental idea of youth in the field of social development. On the other hand, the three forms of capital can be considered the most important factor in strengthening hope for the future of youth. In the present study, the study of hope for the future has been considered in relationship with capital factors including social, capital and economic capital has been investigated. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of data collection. Statistical population is young people aged 15 to 29 years in East Azerbaijan province, 613 of whom have been selected using Cochran's formula and multi-stage cluster sampling at 2018. To collect the data, were used Snyder standard hope questionnaire. Findings show that the average percentage of hope for the future of the studied youth is 62.23%, which shows that the hope for the future has a moderate to high status among young people. The results of testing the hypotheses show that marital status and age were not related to hope for the future of young people, but the average hope for the future was significantly different by city of residence and employment status. Also, hope for the future has a positive and significant relationship with social and cultural capital, but it does not have a significant relationship with economic capital. The results of regression analysis show that the three forms of capital explain about 26% of the variance of the hope for the future.

One of the main issues of the country is youth unemployment. As the country's largest employer, the government is responsible for policy-making to reduce youth unemployment. Given the role that public sector employees play in running the country, the quality of public human resource is of particular importance. Therefore, the impact of employment policies covers a wide range of society and by determining the conditions and manner of entering the service, has a significant impact on the overall performance of the government and the administrative system of the country. In the current situation of our country, which is facing high youth unemployment rates and difficult economic conditions, employment in the public sector has been accompanied by more youth attention and the sensitivity of the issue has doubled. Therefore, the policy making system of youth recruitment and employment in the public sector is of special importance and sensitivity and requires extensive studies and the development of appropriate and effective models. In this regard the aim of the present research is to design a youth employment policy making model in the public sector to use the qualitative grounded theory method, using theoretical sampling method and conducting semi-structured interviews with experts of this field achieves the model.

The present study deals with the issue of young people's reading of their image in radio programs. What categories are effective in young people's reading of their image in radio programs, and in this regard, what analysis and evaluation do students and professionals provide of how young people are represented in the national media? The present study was of qualitative type and its data collection method was in-depth interview and data processing method was thematic analysis. The statistical population of this study includes two groups of media and youth specialists and students of public universities in Tehran. In total, with the logic of theoretical sampling, 11 media and youth experts were interviewed individually and 15 students were interviewed in groups (in groups of 3 to 5 people). The data collection method of this study was in-depth semi-structured and interactive interviews at both individual (specialists) and group (students) levels. Interview data were also processed through content analysis using MAXQDA software version 10. The findings showed that young people in various areas such as how to represent women's employment, how to represent women's hijab, lack of pluralism and neutrality in the national media, how to represent intergenerational relations in the national media and lack of attention and attention to all. Among the youth in the national media, there have been numerous criticisms of the performance of the national media, which can be a warning to the national media to lose its young audience and reduce their trust in the national media.

the present study with a dagger theoretical and empirical records available to review and pathology - form and youth NGO activity . From this perspective, after the extension of the concept of NGOs in general and the NGO youths in particular theory to explain the issue with the use of an integrated approach . by using the method of some kind of survey and tools MFQ) Data inquiry through with 400 members with NGOs who use of cluster sampling method - a few steps were chosen ; compiled . for credit research tool of Content validity and reliability of formal qualitative research method of harmony and internal consistency questions or using Cronbach's test with a range of 0 - 1 is used. standard , according to a total of measurement items have variable.ureaucracy and strengthening of the negative impact of NGOs and significant relationship with the dependent variable , NGO damage research showed a total of solidarity with multiple variables dependent variable 57 research , according to the real determining factor 0.30 of the variance and dependent variable research and clarified that the centrality of variable part and the system of bureaucracy negative with 40 beta 0.49 and from the highest rate of influencing the dependent variable youth NGO damage in two stages . Path analysis and regression analysis . .

The study is to explain the relationship between Internet hatred and social security and enjoyment of adolescent athletes with respect to the mediating role of attitudes toward social media. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population was included all adolescent athletes who some bodies were selected as a sample according to the Morgan table for the unlimited population and the cluster sampling method. In order to collect data after measuring validation and reliability, Gilbert et al.'s (2009) Social Security and Pleasure Questionnaire, Davis Social Media Attitude (1998) and Pachiko and Milhovish (2018) Internet Hate Questionnaires were used. The data analysis was used with descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test and structural equations) through SPSS and Amos software.The results showed that “Internet hatred” was of a negative effect on “social security and pleasure” with a path coefficient (β=-0/31) and “social media attitude” of adolescent athletes with a path coefficient (β =-0/24) had a significant effect. Also, “social media attitude” was of a positive and significant effect on “social security and pleasure” of adolescent athletes with path coefficient (β=-0/46). Finally, the study of the role of the mediating variable showed that the attitude of social media had an indirect and significant effect on the social security and enjoyment of adolescent athletes due to the spread of Internet hatred. The research findings pave the way for further research in this area, especially the spread of Internet hatred.

Observance of cultural and moral principles in sports is essential that can prevent many moral anomalies in sports environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the indicators of ethical and cultural policy in Iranian sports. The research method was qualitative (grounded theory).The data collection tool was through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. After conducting 20 interviews with experts (faculty members,sports directors, deputies and managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth,directors of the Academy and the National Olympic Committee,heads of sports federations,heads of sports disciplinary committees,Supreme Cultural Council of the Ministry of Sports and Youth,ethics committee in Sports) The codes have reached saturation level. Data analysis was performed simultaneously using the Glaser(1978) approach. By performing a two-stage coding process (open and selective),finally, 108 non-repetitive initial codes were obtained for ethical policy-making in Iranian sports, which were classified into 17 categories. Also, 63 non-repetitive primary codes were obtained for cultural policy-making in Iranian sports, which were classified into14 sub-categories and four main categories: 1) deterrents, 2) facilitators, 3) developers, and 4) consequences. The results of coding showed that ethical and cultural policy-making in Iranian sports is based on various factors. And special attention should be paid to these factors. According to the results obtained, it is suggested to sports managers and officials to hold scientific and sports conferences with cultural attachment, to achieve new methods of promoting and developing professional and appropriate behaviors in large sports fields to athletes, coaches and Judges teach that this solution can greatly reduce anomalies.

The study is to investigate the social impact of sports applications on depression in life with a dual approach of passion. It is a descriptive correlational research based on structural equation modeling and in terms of purpose is considered as an applied research. The statistical population consisted of all users of the Astrava application in Iran who were active in both cycling and athletics. The study used the Walrend et al. (2003) Passion Scale, the social impacts of Wallan et al. (2020) and the burnout in the lives of Copenhagen et al. (2005).The results showed that mutual benefits were of a significant positive effect on adaptive desire. Cognition had a significant positive effect on extreme desire. Mental norms were of a significant positive effect on mutual benefits and cognition. Consistent desire was of a significant negative effect on burnout in life at the level of 0/01- while extreme desire had no significant effect on burnout in life. Consistent passion fully mediates the impact of reciprocal benefits on burnout in life. While extreme desire was of no significant mediating role in the effect of cognition on burnout in life.Based on the obtained results, it seems necessary to plan to improve the mood and psychological states of users, such as improving the states of exhaustion in life, and in this way, the use of experienced and specialized experts can provide the field of service improvement even more.

The study is to design and test a model for the application of sports research in the Iran. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all professors and managers of the country in sports science. The statistical sample was estimated to be sufficient for modeling in smart pls software and was selected by judgmental sampling method (162 people). The research tool was a questionnaire extracted from the systematic qualitative stage. The validity of the instrument was evaluated and confirmed by experts (content validity) and model fit indices (reliability and validity of the structure). Four conceptual levels of model and dimensions were: Ecosystem (capacities of scientific system, development of sports system and scientific developments of international sports), system (capabilities of executive department, industry, sports scientific system), structural (research management, provision of resources, research services and research development) and functional (usability, Scope and consequences of application). The results showed that based on the results of factor analysis and measurement models, the dimensions of the model variables were significantly explained. The results of path analysis also showed that the relationships between model variables were significant. The fitting indices were also approved at the desired level. Based on the results, it is suggested to the management of research units in sports organizations (Research Committee of Organizations, University Sports Sciences, etc.) to define the application of sports research as a systematic and strategic flow and at the same time to improve capabilities. Applicability of sports research to build capacity in the scientific, executive, industrial and social environment of sports.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effective components and indicators in the implementation of virtual and online education in order to develop an appropriate strategic model (based on feasibility) in sports and youth departments of Fars province. This research was applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection method, with a qualitative-quantitative (mixed) approach and with an exploratory design. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts in the field of virtual education and professors of educational management and in the quantitative section included all managers and employees of sports and youth in Fars province. Sampling method in the qualitative section, targeted method and in the quantitative section, stratified random method Was. Statistical sample in the qualitative section, considering the law of theoretical saturation, 20 people and in the quantitative section, based on the counting method, 328 people were selected. Data collection tools in the qualitative section, semi-structured interview and in the quantitative section, a questionnaire The researcher based the Likert scale on a five-choice scale with 57 items. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equations and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results led to the identification of 6 dimensions, 13 components and 57 indicators, which were named based on theoretical principles.

In today's competitive environment, having political behavior helps businesses to achieve the competitive advantage of organizations. The study is to analyze the political behavior of managers in sports organizations. The strategy of the study is descriptive and survey type. The statistical population was the directors of the federations, the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the general departments of physical education of the provinces as well as the heads of the provincial sports boards which included 250 men and women, 104 of whom participated in the study by simple random sampling. In order to collect data, two documentary and field methods have been used. To ensure the reliability of the research measurement tool, three Cronbach's alpha criteria, combined reliability and rho_a reliability were used, and to determine the validity of convergent validity (mean variance extraction variance) and divergent validity (Fornell and Larker test, transverse loads and HTMT test) were also used. Structural equation modeling technique and Smart Pls software were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that political behavior was a negative effect on managers 'decisions and organizational identity and managers' decisions had a positive effect on organizational identity. In general, the results showed that the desired political behavior of managers in sports organizations can develop political wisdom. Be effective in the decision-making process, change and transformation of the organization, increase job satisfaction, measure the effectiveness of the organization, apply participatory management and increase power in employees are suggested.

The study is to document the empirical knowledge of sports managers: a macro approach to economic development in sports in Iran. The research method was a qualitative case study and the participants were sports directors of the country. Using purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 13 people) were selected to identify the framework of the economic development model and interviewed. The tool used to identify the factors of the economic development model, interview It was semi-structured (with focus groups) and studied documents. To ensure the validity and reliability of the study, the Lincoln and Guba evaluation methods were used. The paradigm model of this research was designed based on the paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin. Sports facilities, outsourcing to sports institutions, outsourcing to sports institutions and the development of sports block chains that can affect economic development were identified as causal categories: development of sports infrastructure, development of tourism Sports, transmitting players and coaches to host sporting events, international aid, international law and the popularity of sport are the main underlying factors, and two categories of sanctions factors and factors of lack of economic open space are considered as intervening categories. Taken so pay attention to hospitalization In order to implement sports infrastructure, sports tourism development, transfer of players and coaches to host sports events, international aid, international law and the popularity of sports can provide conditions for economic development in sports.

With the dramatic development of sport in recent decades and its transformation into a large and popular industry, the legal issues surrounding it have also become more ambiguous and complex. Records show that most of Iran's legal cases have failed in international courts, Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons for the failure of Iranian legal cases in international sports lawsuits. The present study was applied from the perspective of purpose and was of mixed type with the framework of interpretive-positivist paradigm. Data collection was performed using in-depth interviews with experts familiar with sports law issues. The sampling method was snowball that 28 interviews were conducted virtually. Based on the results of Q methodological analysis, the findings showed that six factors of lack of specialization, educational and information problems, legal and contractual gaps, structural problems of the country's sports, the system of brokers and behind-the-scenes groups, and finally monitoring and punishment problems They were instrumental in the failure of Iranian legal cases in international sports lawsuits. According to the findings, it can be concluded that managers, officials and those involved in sports organizations and clubs, for well-known reasons, can be used as a bridge to success in legal cases in international sports lawsuits.

The study is to investigate the effect of human resource information systems on individual innovation with the mediating role of job involvement and emotional commitment in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The statistical population was all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth which 291 of them were randomly were selected as a statistical sample according to Morgan's table. Research tools include four standard questionnaires of Roll and Cup “Human Resources Information Systems” (2012); Allen and Meyer “Emotional Commitment Questionnaire” (1990); Riley et al.’s “Job Involvement Questionnaire” (1993) and Kolio et al.'s “Human Resource Innovation Capacity Questionnaire” (2011). Structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS 3.2.8 software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that human resource information systems are of a direct effect on individual innovation (β = 0/418), job involvement (β=0/428) and emotional commitment (β=0/337). Human resources information systems also have an indirect effect on the individual innovation of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth through job involvement (β=0/076) and emotional commitment (β=0/106). Also, job involvement (β=0/177) and emotional commitment (β=0/314) have a positive and significant effect on individual innovation of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. According to the results, the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth to increase the innovation of employees can increase the emotional commitment and job involvement of employees along with the implementation of human resource information systems.

The study is to evaluate the role of macro, mid and micro level factors of management in the development of championship sport. The research is a developmental study, based on the method of survey studies and the data collection was done in the field. The researcher-made questionnaire was used in the survey section. Its form and content were confirmed by professors and experts and its construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (α= 0/872). To analyze the data, in addition to descriptive indicators, confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the questionnaire items, one-sample t-test and Friedman test were used to compare the mean and ranking of factors. The comparison of the mean of the factors showed that the highest mean and effectiveness are related to the micro, mid, federation and macro levels, respectively. Most of the problems in the development of championship sports are related to the factors at the micro level, but at the middle level, with special attention to school sports and women's sports, we can help develop championship sports. Sports federations can choose the right president of the federation, creating standard sports venues, etc. to help developing championship sports. Finally, macro-level problems such as the ratio of medals to the population, the correct distribution of budgets in sports, etc. should be addressed.

The study is to identify and analyze the contextual and intervening factors affecting the creation of sustainable employment of sports sciences graduates. It was conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach. The statistical population consisted of experts was aware of the research topic. The sampling method was theoretical. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts to collect the data. The data reached theoretical saturation after 16 interviews. To assess validity and transferability, the research findings were presented to the participants and their points of view were applied. The intra-subject agreement method was used for reliability which was reported about 0/82.The findings related to contextual factors represented 29 main concepts and 4 sub-categories (Policy and planning, economic and financial factors, university relationship with society and industry, professional competence in sports) and the findings related to intervening factors represented 27 main concepts and 5 sub-categories including (Technological, cultural and social factors, political factors, reconstruction of sports science, communication and networking). Therefore, in order to make the right decision in the field of creating and developing sustainable employment for sports sciences graduates by policymakers in the field of sports, it is necessary to identify the importance of contextual and intervening factors and providing the best conditions.

The study is to identify consequences and providing solutions to social responsibility development of famous athlete. The research was descriptive and applied which utilized a thematic analysis. The population included all of the experts in the field of social responsibility in sport, in three scientific, executive and sports groups. The researchers interviewed 16 subjects by a purposive sampling method.  In the section of providing solutions, 50 open codes were obtained which put in 9 categories. Finally, we obtained seven categories of advertising-media, policy making, research, motivation, culture making, individual development, and communication. In the section of the consequences of social responsibility development, 52 open codes were obtained in 13 categories which ranked in 13 categories. Finally, five categories were obtained: sustainable development, sports development, political development, cultural development, and individual-organizational development. According to the valuable consequences of athletes' social responsibilities for society, it is recommended to form a social responsibility association in all sports organizations.

The purpose of this study was to map and streamline HR strategies in the Ministry of Sport and Youth with a balanced scorecard approach. The research method is descriptive and purposefully applied. The research data were collected in field and mixed method (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of the study in the quantitative section included 65 officials and experts of the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs and the provincial general managers of sport and youth equal to 65 persons and 12 experts in the qualitative section. Due to the limitations of members, the sample was considered equal to the population (integer). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 10 university sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.85). Logical induction method and Strategic Council meetings were used to analyze the data in the qualitative section and Cronbach's alpha and frequency percentage in the descriptive and quantitative sections. The findings showed that in the HRM system of the Ministry of Sport and Youth, there are 4 perspectives (productivity, stakeholders, internal processes and growth and learning), 26 strategic goals, 32 measures and 39 actions and initiatives. It can be concluded that given the alignment of strategies with strategic goals, measures and initiatives and HR initiatives and initiatives of the Ministry of Sport and Youth in different contexts, in addition to the strategic implementation, increase the capacity of the organization. And it's purposeful.

The purpose of this study is to develop a strategic plan for the Iranian Football Referees Committee. The present research method was of strategic and field studies, which was performed in the field and in a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study consisted of two qualitative and quantitative sections. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the opinion of professors and experts and reliability (with 93% Cronbach's alpha test). After analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, it was decided to form an evaluation matrix for each of the internal and external factors. Six competitive strategies, one conservative strategy and two defensive strategies have been proposed to turn weaknesses into strengths and threats into opportunities for the development of the Football Federation's refereeing committee. Based on the evaluation of the strategies of the Football Federation Referees Committee in the Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), the strategy of establishing a service compensation system was selected as the best strategy.

Identifying key effective trends and propels and recognizing the right pattern can have an impact on the future of equestrian sport and the horse industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a suitable model in equestrian sport. For this purpose, a qualitative two-phase exploratory design (n = 26) was performed by snowball sampling and quantitative phase (n = 395) using simple random sampling. The research population included knowledgeable people in the field of horse and horse riding. A five-point Likert scale was used to collect the data. SmartPLS software was used to analyze the data. Factor analysis results showed that in managerial and economic propulsion , the most important components explaining the path pattern in equestrian sport. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, preparing a suitable profile of effective trends in the form of the mentioned initiatives and also coordination between organizations such as the Ministry of Youth Sports, the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture and the Equestrian Federation can be considered a bright future in the field of horse industry and equestrianism.

The aim of current investigation was Optimization of the evaluation indicators the country's sport coaches.This research is kind of descriptive- anlytic research. And it is done by Traversal- Field method by using questionnaires. Statistical Sample research, including240 person of country's sport coaches that were selecteded by random sampling. Measurement tools for gathering data were Optimization of the evaluation indicators of the country's sport coaches questionnaire that the content validity of the questionnaires confirmed by 15 Sport Managment professors so questionnaire's reliability was approved respectively α= 0/971 By Cronbach's alpha. Data Using Structural Equation Modeling via Software SPSS and LISREL PLS analysis. Results standard coefficient, Values t, and estimated amount variance structural model of evaluation indicators of the country's sport coaches showed that all questions have a significant effect are the model (P< 0/01). Technical indicator with effect size of 0.91 and at the level of (P< 0/01) has had the highest significant effect on the Evaluation indicators. Other Evaluation indicators have High factor load in the considerration of the evaluation indicators the country's sport coaches. Results of Cronbach's alpha values, combined reliability, Extracted variance values, R2 values, Excess indicators, Cross-sectional validity and combined with Cross-sectional validity components the measurement model of the indicators of the coaches showed that these indicators confirm the measurement model. Relevant managers and officials can use the evaluation indicators, educational, technical, and managerial and leadership, psychology and socio-personality to evaluate the coaches. Also, use these indicators to select the coaches of club and national teams.

The study is to explore the experience of Iran’s elite female basketball players of abuse in their coach-athlete relationship and its effect on the players’ perceived coaching effectiveness. The sampling method was headcount. All the 230 Iran’s female basketball players from Division I and Super League teams (a total of 21 teams, 11 of which from the Super League and 10 teams from Division) participated in the research. The data was gleaned from three sources: “Coaches’ Abuse Scale” (CAS) by Boloorizadeh (2013) with 16 items (α=0/88), “Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire” (CART-Q) by Jowett and Ntoumanis with 11 items (α=0/88), and the “Perceived Coaching Effectiveness Scale” by Kavassanu et al. (2008) with 24 items (α=0/92). Descriptive analyses were used to summarize the data. To investigate the research question, the variables were entered in the structural equation modeling and tested using Lisrel 8/5.The results of SEM revealed that abusive behavior occurs in a coach-athlete relationship and the effect is direct and negative (β=-59). So, its effect is on the perceived coaching effectiveness (β=-492). It also uncovered that the variables of the coach- athlete relationship have a positive effect on the athletes’ perception of coaching effectiveness ((β=0/78). It can be inferred that if the coaches need a positive relationship with their athletes and require them to have a positive perception of their coaching effectiveness, they should be aware of their own behavioral tendencies and consequences.

The study is to provide a comprehensive model for crisis management in holding sports events. The research method was qualitative and based on data foundation theory with a systematic approach. The statistical population included all experts and specialists in the theoretical field of research and senior sports managers with extensive executive experience in holding events in sports organizations. In this study, purposive sampling method was used based on theoretical approach and data collection was continued by snowball method until theoretical saturation of data (14 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted).The findings showed strategies based on the pattern of resources and infrastructure, bedrock factors (expertise and characteristics of employees and staff; organizational management; organizational flexibility and speed and crisis assessment); Stakeholders (macro-laws, existing infrastructure and macro-management) Consequences of strategic policy-making; Efficient management (needs assessment and selection tailored to the need); Evaluation, change, adaptation and organization will be followed by a comprehensive model of crisis management. In the field of crisis management in sports events before, during and after the crisis, resources and infrastructure is an important factor and issue that has a key and pivotal role in the crisis management model, and based on this, the model designed in the field can be Crisis management received help in sports events.

The study is to determine the efficiency of karate boards in the Iranian provinces using the BCC model. From the paradigm perspective, the study is a meta-proof research and quantitative approach, in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population included 31 karate teams active in the provinces of the country. The instrument used was a value-added questionnaire in the form of a fuzzy method.The results showed that in 1394 to 1396, the output of championship sports has played a greater role in determining the efficiency of the staff. In 1397 and 1398 the output of public sports had a greater role in the efficiency of the staff. By eliminating these outputs, the average efficiency of staffs has been further reduced. Also, the results of Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between staff outputs and staff BCC efficiency. It is suggested that the managers and administrators of the provincial karate boards of the country, by trying to increase their budget through obtaining government funds and also attracting financial sponsors, improve the budget of the organization under their command and increase its efficiency. Also, by attracting and training staff, coaches, referees and other capable human resources, try to increase their efficiency as much as possible. Finally, their proper interaction with the sports and youth departments of the respective province as well as the Karate Federation can pave the way for the per capita promotion of sports related to this field.

The purpose of this study was to provide an interactive model of media roles in order to normalize the flow of sports participation in the post-corona era using the Demetel approach. The present research is one of the mixed researches which was done in the form of qualitative and quantitative methods and according to its application in the field of sports is one of the applied researches. The method of data collection in the present study was field. The statistical population of the present study includes all elites aware of the subject of the study, of which 14 people were identified as a sample. The collection tool of the present study in the qualitative section is a semi-structured interview. Also, according to the interviews, factors were identified that were used as research collection tools in the quantitative section. This questionnaire was divided into two general parts: demographic characteristics and its questions, which were designed according to Demetel method. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. All research data analysis process was performed in EXEL software. The results showed that a total of 6 general roles including motivational role, information role, educational role, scientific role, social role and cultural role are among the media roles in order to normalize the flow of sports participation in the post-corona era. Information, education and science were identified as causal roles and motivational, cultural, and social roles as disability roles.

Elderly is a critical period of life and it is very important to pay attention to the quality of life of the elderly, especially in critical situations of the outbreak of coronavirus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of home exercise during coronavirus outbreak on the quality of life of the elderly. The study is a descriptive research including a sample population of 168 elderly over 60 years old in North Khorasan province in Iran. Convenience sampling was performed. To obtain the required data, a Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used. For statistical analysis, Kolmogorov- Smirnov (K-S) test and Mann–Whitney U test were used. All the statistical operations were done using SPSS Statistics 22 in significance level of P≤0.05. The results of study indicate the active elderly enjoyed a higher quality of life than the non-active ones considering indicators such as physical and emotional problems, physical performance limitations, and public health and pain. However, in terms of social function indicator, no significant difference was noted between them. Given the importance of people being active during the coronavirus outbreak, exercise and regular physical activity can have a significant impact on improving the quality of life of the elderly, and therefore, it is recommended that families with the elderly and nursing homes to encourage the elderly should engage in physical activity.

The purpose of this study was to design and develop a model of legal dimensions of economic crimes in professional sport. The method of the study was mixed. The statistical population in the qualitative part included the elites of the economic and legal field in sports, which was done using purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation technique. In addition to the economic and legal elites in sports, the statistical population of this study includes some senior managers of public and private sports organizations in Iran, including managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, sports federations and municipal sports organizations, as well as some senior managers of clubs. Iranian professionals, which included 276 people. Data collection tools in the study included a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by examining the opinions of experts, the validity of the structure using factor analysis test and also its reliability according to the calculation of Cronbach's alpha (total alpha = 0.85). The results showed that in the qualitative part, which was done through content analysis and open, axial and selective coding in the form of five general components of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, main phenomenon, actions and consequences. Also, the quantitative results of the research showed that the amount of T corresponding to each factor has a significant effect and the whole framework of the legal dimensions of economic crimes in professional sports was approved and the research model has a good fit.

The purpose of this study was to design a branding model of the Iranian Football Premier League using the foundation data theory. The research method was analytical and qualitative methodology was used for this purpose. The research strategy was to use data theory. Participants in the study were 16 people, including professors in the field of sports marketing, club and league officials, and sampling strategy in the targeted quality section with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. Content analysis of the interviews and coding were used to analyze the data. The research tool was open interview and the results were analyzed based on three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The findings showed that the promotion of the Premier League brand position, stable brand identity, customer relationship management, and financial benefits were the causal factors. The central phenomenon consists of factors that improve brand equity, performance evaluation, brand credibility of the league brand. Underlying factors included league brand positioning, social factors, establishing a competitive balance in the league, and national league brand infrastructure. Also, intervening factors included factors of change and development of related technologies, club factors, regulatory weaknesses, human resources weakness, accountability, and customer characteristics. Legal solutions, proper management strategies, establishing proper communication and interactions, holding matches according to current world standards, strengthening the facilitators, brand fit and logo with the league formed the branding strategies of the Iranian Football Premier League. Finally, the premise of the Premier League brand, the establishment of the league brand position, t

The purpose of this study was to develop a profitability model for private bodybuilding clubs in the northwest of the country. The present study was a correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was 362 customers of private bodybuilding clubs in the northwest of the country. , Researcher-made perceived value and voluntarily completed standard questionnaires, customer satisfaction and loyalty Liu (2008). The profitability of the clubs was calculated by collecting data from the managers of the sports clubs and according to the formula provided by Microsoft. To analyze the data, a structural equation model based on the partial least squares method was used in Smart Payals software. The results showed the perceived value on the profitability of clubs (P = 0.001, β = 0.10, t = 4.22), customer satisfaction (P = 0.001, β = 0.547, t = 11.719) And customer loyalty (P = 0.001, β = 0.178, t = 4.188) has a direct and significant effect. Perceived value through customer satisfaction and loyalty has a significant and indirect effect on the profitability of clubs. Therefore, the more customer satisfaction and loyalty, the more customer retention in the clubs increases, and this also causes more profit and income for the clubs and its survival and growth.

The purpose of this study was to compare the problems of sports tourism tours in domestic and foreign events. Purposeful and theoretically saturated sampling was done and in a quantitative part by descriptive-survey method that the statistical population of domestic tours tourists 320 people by Morgan table method and available sampling and tourists of foreign events tours 100 people by random access method was selected and used The researcher-made questionnaire was taken from the combination of the qualitative section and the research background, which had 45 items in the form of 8 factors, as well as the validity and reliability of the qualitative and quantitative sections. According to the findings of the quality sector, eight factors of transportation, infrastructure, culture, safety and security, ticket sales, management, economy and accommodation were identified as problems of sports tourism tours in domestic and foreign events. In the quantitative section, the identified factors were ranked according to the factor, managerial, cultural, safety and security factors, ticket sales, economy, accommodation, infrastructure and transportation, respectively. Also, the comparison of the two groups of sports tourism tours in domestic and foreign events showed that ticket sales, transportation, economic, safety and security factors in the group related to domestic events tourism tours and managerial, residential and cultural factors in the group related to events tourism tours foreign sports are of the highest importance.